Innovative Systems Approach for Facilitating Smarter World

225 Pages·2023·13.296 MB·English

by  Toshiya Kaihara, Hajime Kita, Shingo Takahashi, Motohisa Funabashi

Design Science and Innovation
Toshiya Kaihara
Hajime Kita
Shingo Takahashi
Motohisa Funabashi   Editors
Innovative
Systems
Approach
for Facilitating
Smarter World
Design Science and Innovation
Series Editor
Amaresh Chakrabarti, Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing
Indian Institute of Science
Bangalore, India
The book series is intended to provide a platform for disseminating knowledge in all
areas of design science and innovation, and is intended for all stakeholders in design
and innovation, e.g. educators, researchers, practitioners, policy makers and students
of design and innovation. With leading international experts as members of its
editorial board, the series aims to disseminate knowledge that combines academic
rigour and practical relevance in this area of crucial importance to the society.
Toshiya Kaihara • Hajime Kita
Shingo Takahashi • Motohisa Funabashi
Editors
Innovative Systems
Approach for Facilitating
Smarter World
Editors
Toshiya Kaihara Hajime Kita
Graduate School of System Informatics Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences
Kobe University Kyoto University
Kobe, Japan Kyoto, Japan
Shingo Takahashi Motohisa Funabashi
School of Science and Engineering TRAFST, Tokyo, Japan
Waseda University
Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
ISSN 2509-5986 ISSN 2509-5994 (electronic)
Design Science and Innovation
ISBN 978-981-19-7775-6 ISBN 978-981-19-7776-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7776-3
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Preface
The concept of Society 5.0 (super-smart society) proposed in Japan’s Fifth Science
and Technology Basic Plan continues to be emphasized in its Sixth Plan, and vari-
ous research and development efforts are currently underway, mainly in industry
and academia, to realize this concept. In order to realize Society 5.0, a grand design
of social systems that seamlessly integrates the various heterogeneous systems to
make up social systems and creates new value for society as a whole is essential.
The Systems and Information Division of the Society of Instrument and Control
Engineers (SICE) has been conducting a cross-divisional survey and research on a
new systems approach that will enable this grand design in the “Study Group for the
Realization of a New Systems Approach for the Smarter World” since 2022. The
group shares a view of a Smarter World combining the various heterogeneous social
systems and proposes a new development of SoS (System of Systems) with an evo-
lutionary concept of a spiral systems approach based on a cycle of analysis, abduc-
tion, and synthesis. These efforts were published in our previous book, Innovative
Systems Approach for Designing Smarter World, in 2021. In the book, we define
smarter world as an innovative society in which autonomous value networks are
formed quickly and sustainably for the various actors that make up society, while
maintaining sustainability as a more advanced social infrastructure becomes larger,
more advanced, more complex, and more information intensive. We have also sum-
marized a new systems approach for designing such a society.
This book outlines the latest research trends and prospects of the new systems
approach that we have proposed and introduces specific examples that lead to the
solution of social issues. In this book, we will explain the new systems approach
that we have been working on to solve social problems, broadly classifying it into
(1) System Structure and Modeling, (2) System Optimization, (3) System
Adaptation and Evolution, and (4) System Case Studies, while introducing per-
spectives, explanations, and case studies. The following sections introduce the con-
tents of each category.
First, (1) System Structure and Modeling presents a new systems approach to
system structure and modeling methods for solving social problems. Chapter 1 by
Toshiya Kaihara outlines a framework of Multiscale Social Modeling and Simulation
(MSMS) methods for transparently integrating different types of systems. Chapter
2 by Eitaro Aiyoshi, Keiichiro Yasuda, and Kenichi Tamura presents the design,
planning, and operation of smart social infrastructure platforms based on
v
vi Preface
mathematical interpretation from the viewpoint of system optimization in the frame-
work of the circulating and spiral-up systems approach. Chapter 3 by Hajime Kita
describes the economic efficiency and value creation of social systems, presents six
types of linkages among systems based on their structures, and discusses recent
trends and issues to be considered in the future. Chapter 4 by Yasuaki Kuroe explains
the importance of understanding systems from the perspective of boundaries and
relationships, and then looks forward to the construction of a new systems approach
that takes these perspectives. Finally, Chap. 5 by Katsunori Shimohara discusses the
equity-based approach based on the premise of clinical wisdom and the inevitability
in taking a clinical approach in relationality design toward creating an SoS in a local
community.
Next, (2) From the viewpoint of system optimization, Chap. 6 by Wataru
Kumagai and Keiichiro Yasuda describes a new black-box optimization method
using only decision variable value and evaluation value information for SoS and so
on. Next, in Chap. 7 by Ryohei Funaki and Junichi Murata the estimation method of
the objective function as a hypothesis generator for modeling and decision-making
processes in the cyclic and spiral systems approach that we have been proposing is
presented. In Chap. 8 by Tatsushi Nishi, a dynamic model configuration platform
for multi-agent supply chains is introduced. Using the platform as an integration of
machine learning and optimization, a co-evolutionary decision-making method that
estimates the decision-maker’s objective function and constraints from big data is
presented for automatically generating an optimization model.
The book then continues with (3) Adaptation and evolution techniques for
systems, introducing a variety of new approaches. Chapter 9 by Takamasa Kikuchi,
Masaaki Kunigami, and Takao Terano discusses the usage of both agent modeling
and gaming simulation for political decision-making tasks, and it proposes a formal
descriptive model named the Managerial Decision-Making Description Model
(MDDM) to tackle the difficulty of specification of models in practical situations.
Next, Chap. 10 by Setsuya Kurahashi describes a systems approach that integrates
causal inference based on data (propensity score matching method) and deductive
inference based on models (agent-based simulation) in socioeconomic systems and
its application to policy formation. Chapter 11 by Shingo Takahashi describes co-
creative modeling as an adaptive decision-making process for designing spiral
social systems. In Chap. 12 by Hiroshi Kawakami, the relationship between systems
and humans that grow together through the expression of antifragile phenomena is
presented, and it is argued that the design of systems that grow together is human-
centered design in the true sense of the word. Finally, Chap. 13 by Motohisa
Funabashi provides a bird’s-eye view of systems and information technology against
the backdrop of transition management aimed at achieving the SDGs and explains
the challenges to embodying SoS evolution and its social significance.
Finally, (4) System Case Studies presents four application examples as sugges-
tions for the validity and effectiveness of the new systems approach introduced in
this book. First, Chap. 14 by Ken-ichi Tokoro and Kazuyuki Mori introduces actual
examples of the application of the various new systems approaches described above
to electric power infrastructure, followed by an overview of representative electric
Preface vii
power markets, including new markets that are expected to open in Japan. Chapter
15 by Toru Amau describes the system technology in the actual power network and
introduces two concrete examples of SoS practices in electric power companies.
Chapter 16 by Tetsuo Uzuka explains that a railway is a huge SoS in which subsys-
tems such as rolling stock, stations, signaling, power supply, and communications
interoperate with each other over multiple railway companies. Finally, in Chap. 17,
Takashi Nishiyama explains the organization of smart home technology based on
environmental intelligence and its consideration from the SoS viewpoint, targeting
home systems.
This book summarizes the efforts to pursue a new systems approach to realize
Society 5.0 from both theoretical and applied perspectives. We hope that the con-
tents of this book will help to realize a well-being society under the concept of
Society 5.0 in the future.
Kobe, Japan Toshiya Kaihara
Kyoto, Japan Hajime Kita
Tokyo, Japan Shingo Takahashi
Tokyo, Japan Motohisa Funabashi
May 2022
Contents
1 Toward Realization of Innovative Systems Approach
for Societal Design: Multiscale Social Modeling
and Simulation (MSMS) Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Toshiya Kaihara and Nikhanbayev Nursultan
2 Modelling-Driven Optimization Problems with Uncertainty
Tolerance and Their Solution Strategies: A Risk- Management
Perspective in the Circulating and Spiral-up Systems Approach . . . . . 29
Eitaro Aiyoshi, Keiichiro Yasuda, and Kenichi Tamura
3 Issues of System Cooperation from a Viewpoint
of System Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Hajime Kita
4 Boundary and Relationality Perspective Systems Approach:
Towards Its Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Yasuaki Kuroe
5 Relationality Design Emphasizing Clinical Aspects of System
of Systems in Local Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Katsunori Shimohara
6 Black-Box Optimization and Its Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Wataru Kumagai and Keiichiro Yasuda
7 Estimation of Objective Functions: Modeling of Problems
and Understanding of Decision-Making Processes Towards
the Spiral-up Systems Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Ryohei Funaki and Junichi Murata
8 Co-evolutionary Decision-Making Modeling Via Integration
of Machine Learning and Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Tatsushi Nishi
9 Agent Modeling, Gaming Simulation, and Their
Formal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Takamasa Kikuchi, Masaaki Kunigami, and Takao Terano
ix
x Contents
10 Causal and Deductive Reasoning in Socio-Economic Systems . . . . . . . 139
Setsuya Kurahashi
11 Co-Creative Modeling as Adaptive Decision-Making Process . . . . . . . 149
Shingo Takahashi
12 Mutual Growth of Human and System in Smarter World . . . . . . . . . . 159
Hiroshi Kawakami
13 Towards SoS Evolution Management for Developing
Smarter Cities: Social Significance and Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Motohisa Funabashi
14 Power System Progressing with Systems Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Ken-ichi Tokoro and Kazuyuki Mori
15 Power Network System Technology: A Focus on SoS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
Toru Amau
16 System of Systems in Railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Tetsuo Uzuka
17 Current and Future Trends on Smart Home Technology:
Including SoS Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Takashi Nishiyama