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Innovative materials and design for sustainable transportation infrastructure : selected papers from the International Symposium on Systematic Approaches to Environmental Sustainability in Transportation, August 2-5, 2015, Fairbanks, Alaska PDF

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I M NNOVATIVE ATERIALS AND D S ESIGN FOR USTAINABLE T RANSPORTATION I NFRASTRUCTURE SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SYSTEMATIC APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY IN TRANSPORTATION August 2-5, 2015 Fairbanks, Alaska SPONSORED BY Center for Environmentally Sustainable Transportation in Cold Climates The Construction Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers Transportation Research Board Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, China EDITORS Sheng Zhao, Ph.D. Jenny Liu, Ph.D., P.E. Xiong Zhang, Ph.D., P.E. Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Published by American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia, 20191-4382 www.asce.org/publications | ascelibrary.org Any statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. The information contained in these materials should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application. Anyone utilizing such information assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents. ASCE and American Society of Civil Engineers—Registered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy or reproduce material from ASCE publications can be requested by sending an e-mail to [email protected] or by locating a title in ASCE's Civil Engineering Database (http://cedb.asce.org) or ASCE Library (http://ascelibrary.org) and using the “Permissions” link. Errata: Errata, if any, can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479278 Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-7844-7927-8 (PDF) Manufactured in the United States of America. Cover photo credit: University of Alaska Fairbanks Innovative Materials and Design for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure iii Preface The transportation industry and its agency partners are constantly looking for ways to improve infrastructure performance, increase construction efficiency, conserve resources, and advance environmental stewardship. Innovations in materials and design are continuously being developed regarding this effort. This Special Technical Publication (STP) entitled Innovative Materials and Design for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure selects 37 technical papers that represent the recent innovations and advances in materials and design to meet the challenges of sustainable development. Among these 37 papers, 14 papers focus on context sensitive solutions in pavement materials such as asphalt, concrete, and other recycling and reusable transportation materials, 12 papers on geo-materials, soil stabilization and ground improvement techniques, and 11 papers on sustainable design in underground space, tunneling and railway engineering. Two or more reviewers along with the editors evaluated each paper published in this ASCE STP. The authors of the accepted papers have addressed all the reviewers’ comments to the satisfaction of the editors. All published papers are eligible for discussion in the Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, and are eligible for ASCE awards. The papers included in this publication were presented at the International Symposium on Systematic Approaches to Environmental Sustainability in Transportation held in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA from August 2 to 5, 2015. This conference was hosted by the Center for Environmentally Sustainable Transportation in Cold Climates (CESTiCC), Chinese Society of Civil Engineers, and Tongji University, China in collaboration with Environmental UTC Network, International Association of Chinese Infrastructure Professionals, the Infrastructure & Climate Network (ICNet), University of Alaska Fairbanks in USA, University of Kansas in USA, University of Tennessee in USA, and Wuhan Polytechnic University in China. The conference was co-sponsored by ASCE Construction Institute (CI), Transportation Research Board (TRB), and Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering in China. The Conference was chaired by Professor Jenny Liu and co- chaired by Professor Hehua Zhu. We would like to acknowledge the assistance from Donna Dickert of ASCE, and Laura Ciampa and Paul Sgambati of ASCE CI that makes it possible for this high quality peer reviewed STP. The editors wish to thank the following individuals who reviewed one or more papers submitted for consideration of publication in this STP: Geoff Chao Bing Chen Gang Chen Renpeng Chen Shengli Chen Rodney Collins © ASCE Innovative Materials and Design for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure iv Wen Deng Qiao Dong Jie Han Liv Haselbach Chun-Hsing Ho Jiong Hu Lianbo Hu Hai Huang Haiying Huang Jie Huang Xiaoyang Jia Weihua Jin Lin Li Cheng Lin Fang Liu Yan Liu Zhen Liu Somayeh Nassiri Mbakisya A. Onyango Tongyan Pan Yu Qian Tong Qiu Shihui Shen Xiang Shu Peng Su Junliang Tao Fei Wang Hao Wang Hao Wu Ming Xiao Xiaoming Yang Zhaohui Yang Wu Yao Xinbao Yu Xiong (Bill ) Yu Bo Zhang Ming Zhu Without their contributions, this publication would not be possible. Editors: Sheng Zhao, Jenny Liu, and Xiong Zhang, University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA © ASCE Innovative Materials and Design for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure v Contents Context Sensitive Solutions in Pavement Materials Effect of Conductive Filler Size and Type on Thermal Properties of Asphalt Mixtures .................................................................................................... 1 Hai V. Vo, D. W. Park, W. J. Seo, and J. S. Im Anti-Oxidants’ Effect on Bitumen Rheology and Mixes’ Mechanical Performance ................................................................................................................ 8 Samer Dessouky, David Contreras, Jeremy Sanchez, and Daewook Park Linking the Field and Lab Performance of Interstate Pavements ....................... 19 Shu Yang, Andrew Braham, Nazmul Chowdhury, and Zahid Hossain Study on the Classification and Evaluation Method of the Frost Susceptibility of Rock Mass ..................................................................................... 28 Jihui Huang, Caichu Xia, Changling Han, and Shiwei Shen Deicer Impacts on Concrete Bridge Decks: A Comparative Study of Field Cores from Potassium Acetate and Sodium Chloride Environments .................. 42 Ning Xie, Anburaj Muthumani, Yudong Dang, and Xianming Shi Evaluation of Cleaning Methods of Pervious Concrete Pavement ...................... 58 Charles Sanford, Mbakisya A. Onyango, Tricia A. Thomas, Frank Jones, and Brent Rollins Carbon Sequestration in Old and New Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Interiors ................................................................................................... 71 Liv Haselbach and Ashraful Alam Evaluating the Freeze Thaw Durability of Pervious Concrete Mixed with Silica Fume ................................................................................................................ 83 Chun-Hsing Ho, Junyi Shan, Fawaz Almutairi, and Fahad Aloqaili The Durability of Sulfate Resisting Cement Concrete Made with Fly Ash or Slag ................................................................................................................. 93 Qingke Nie, Jianmin Hu, Yinghui Wang, Bing Bai, and Huawei Li Case Study: Application of Mineral Admixtures in Cement Concrete under a Sulfate Environment in Northwest China ................................................ 99 Qingke Nie, Changjun Zhou, Huawei Li, Xiang Shu, and Baoshan Huang © ASCE Innovative Materials and Design for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure vi Evaluation of Self-Healing Properties of Mortar Containing Microencapsulated Epoxy Resin ........................................................................... 108 Shuai Zhou, Hehua Zhu, Zhiguo Yan, Woody Ju, Qing Chen, and Zeyu Dong Investigation of an Agent’s Transportation in Microcapsule Self-Healing Concrete ................................................................................................................... 119 Z. Dong, H. Zhu, Z. Yan, and S. Zhou Experimental Study of Compaction Behaviors and Assessment of Berm Materials ....................................................................................................... 128 Yuan Guo, Jiale Li, Qiangbin Huang, and Xiong (Bill) Yu Modified Media Filter Drain Mix with Alternate Aggregate Grading .............. 143 Maxwell Freimund, Liv Haselbach, Cara Poor, and Agathe Thomas Geo-Materials, Soil Stabilization, and Ground Improvement Implementation of an Elasto-Viscoplastic Model of Geosynthetics in ABAQUS ............................................................................................................. 154 Wenzheng Shi and Fangle Peng Nonexistence and Non-Decoupling of the Dissipative Potential for Geo-Materials .......................................................................................................... 162 Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, R. Wu, J. Zhou, and Y. Zheng Development of an Oedometer Cell with Suction Measurement Ability ........... 179 Lin Li, Xiong Zhang, and Chuang Lin Exploring a Chemo-Mechanical Approach to Understand the Expansive Behavior of Sulfate Bearing Soils .......................................................................... 189 Liang-Bo Hu and Pawan Sigdel Mechanical Properties and an Empirical Model of Compacted Silty Clay Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles .......................................................................... 200 Feng Zhang, Ruxin Jing, Decheng Feng, and Bo Lin Review of the Characterization of Geotextile Hydraulic Behavior .................... 213 Chuang Lin and Xiong Zhang Accuracy and Sensitivity Analyses on the Photogrammetry-Based Deformation Measurement Method ...................................................................... 222 Lin Li and Xiong Zhang Mechanical Behaviors of Cylindrical Retaining Structures in Ultra-Deep Excavations .............................................................................................................. 229 Pengfei Xu, Xiaoyi Hu, Meihua Wang, Xiaoqiang Cui, and Wei Xu © ASCE Innovative Materials and Design for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure vii Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of CAS—1 Lunar Regolith Simulant under Low Stress Levels ........................................................................ 245 F. Yu, S. Chen, and Y. Zhang Geo-Treatments in Constructing a Tunnel in Karst Strata: Lessons Learned from a Subway Project in Guangzhou, China ...................................... 260 Qing L. Cui, Ye S. Xu, Shui L. Shen, Huai N. Wu, and Zhen Y. Yin Bolted and Seeded-Geomat Protection System to Reduce the Erosion Rate of High and Steep Slopes ........................................................................................ 267 Wei Shi, Tong Liu, Xiaohui Sun, Longlong Zhang, and Tao Lu Geosynthetic-Stabilized Vegetated Earth Surfaces for Environmental Sustainability in Civil Engineering ....................................................................... 276 Jie Han and Jun Guo Sustainable Design in Underground Space, Tunneling, and Railway Engineering Structural Performance of an Immersed Tunnel Element at a Flexible Joint . 286 Jian Sun, Xiaoyi Hu, Qingfeng Shen, Xiaoxuan Zhu, Ming Lin, and Wei Xu Factors Influencing the Longitudinal Deformation of a Metro Tunnel in Soft Deposit: An Overview ..................................................................................... 298 Yongxia Wu, Huaina Wu, Shuilong Shen, and Yeshuang Xu Analytical Approaches of the Long-Term Behavior of a Shield Tunnel in Soft Deposit Due to Groundwater Leakage: A Review ....................................... 308 Y. Yuan, H. N. Wu, Y. S. Xu, and S. L. Shen Analysis on the 3D Dynamic Pressure Arch Effect around a Mountain Tunnel ...................................................................................................................... 318 Chengbing Wang and Hualao Wang An Analytical Mechanical Model for Tunnel Segmental Joints Subjected to Elevated Temperatures .................................................................... 329 Y. Shen, Z. Yan, and H. Zhu A Study on the Influence of Air Vents Arrangement in Natural Ventilated Tunnels ..................................................................................................................... 341 Haoran Li, Zhiguo Yan, Qingchao Guo, and Peng Yu Numerical Modeling of Moisture Migration in High-Speed Railway Subgrade .................................................................................................................. 349 Hanlin Wang, Renpeng Chen, Lan Luo, and Jin Wu © ASCE Innovative Materials and Design for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure viii Deformation Characteristics and Unloading Time for Passenger-Dedicated Railway Surcharge Preloaded Subgrade .............................................................. 364 V. O. Ojekunle, Shanxiong Chen, Yu Fei, Li Jian, and Zhangjun Dai Mechanical Behavior of a Piled-Raft Foundation for a High-Speed Railway Subjected to Train Loading ................................................................................... 375 L. L. Gu, G. L. Ye, X. H. Bao, and F. Zhang Development and Application of a Remote Monitoring and Analysis System for a High Speed Railway Subgrade Structure in Mountainous Areas ............. 389 Jian Li, Shanxiong Chen, Fei Yu, Wei Guo, and V. O. Ojekunle Frost Heave Induced Pipe Strain of an Experimental Chilled Gas Pipeline ..................................................................................................................... 405 Scott L. Huang, Kun Yang, Satoshi Akagawa, Masami Fukuda, and Shunji Kanie © ASCE Innovative Materials and Design for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure 1 Effect of Conductive Filler Size and Type on Thermal Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Hai V. Vo1; D.W. Park2; W.J. Seo3; and J.S. Im4 1Ph.D. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak Ro, Kunsan, Chellabuk-do 573-701, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak Ro, Kunsan, Chellabuk-do 573-701, Republic of Korea (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected] 3Graduate Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak Ro, Kunsan, Chellabuk-do 573-701, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected] 4Senior Researcher, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong Ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper focuses on the improvement of thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat of asphalt mixtures using conductive fillers, and investigating the conduction performance by one-dimensional (1-D) simulation on pavements. Different asphalt mixtures used in this study was modified with milled carbon fiber, chopped carbon fiber, flake graphite powder and synthetic graphite powder individually. The conductivity properties of graphite and carbon fibers modified asphalt mixtures was measured and calculated to evaluate their conduction effects in order to obtain the appropriate kind and quantity of carbon fiber and graphite. The 1-D simulation was performed on a typical pavement design using finite difference method to comprehend the conduction performance taking place in pavement structure. Thermal testing and analysis results indicated that carbon fibers and graphite basically increase the thermal properties of asphalt mixtures. The simulation results presented the reliable heat conduction correlated with each conductive fillers. INTRODUCTION In winter, traffic accidents can easily happen because of the accumulated snow and freeze leading to difficulty of vehicles travel. Therefore, removing the snow and ice and making roads, bridge decks and airport runways snow ice-free in the winter become one of the most critical problems to be solved in Korea. The addition of conductive fillers or additives to improve the conductivity of asphalt concrete is feasible to melt and remove snow and ice on asphalt pavement surface (Sherif and Christopher 1999). This method is environmental friendly, safe, efficient, and sustainable to keep asphalt pavement free from snow (Tang et al. 2001). © ASCE

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