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Mathematics and Visualization SeriesEditors GeraldFarin Hans-ChristianHege DavidHoffman ChristopherR.Johnson KonradPolthier MartinRumpf Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/4562 Michael Breuß Alfred Bruckstein ! Petros Maragos Editors Innovations for Shape Analysis Models and Algorithms With227Figures, 170in color 123 Editors MichaelBreuß AlfredBruckstein Inst.forAppl.Math.andScient.Comp DepartmentofComputerScience BrandenburgTechnicalUniversity Technion-IsraelInstituteofTechnology Cottbus,Germany Haifa,Israel PetrosMaragos SchoolofElectricalandComputer Engineering NationalTechnicalUniversityofAthens Athens,Greece ISBN978-3-642-34140-3 ISBN978-3-642-34141-0(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-642-34141-0 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013934951 MathematicalSubjectClassification(2010):68U10 c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2013 T!hisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’slocation,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer. PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Wededicatethisbooktoourfamilies. To Doris,Sonja,Johannes,Christian, JonathanandDominik, Christaand Gerhard To Ritaand Arielwithlove To Rena, MonicaandSevasti, Agelisand Sevasti Preface Shape understanding remains one of the most intriguing problems in computer vision and human perception. This book is a collection of chapters on shape analysis,byexpertsinthefield,highlightingseveralviewpoints,includingmodeling andalgorithms,inbothdiscreteandcontinuousdomains.Itisasummaryofresearch presentationsanddiscussionsonthesetopicsataDagstuhlworkshopinApril2011. Thecontentisgroupedintothreemainareas: PartI–DiscreteShapeAnalysis PartII–PartialDifferentialEquationsforShapeAnalysis PartIII–OptimizationMethodsforShapeAnalysis Thechapterscontainbothnewresultsandtutorialsectionsthatsurveyvariousareas ofresearch. Itwasapleasureforustohavehadtheopportunitytocollaborateandexchange scientificideaswithourcolleagueswhoparticipatedintheDagstuhlWorkshopon Shape Analysis and subsequentlycontributedto this collection. We hope that this bookwillpromotenewresearchandfurthercollaborations. Cottbus,HaifaandAthens MichaelBreuß AlfredBruckstein PetrosMaragos vii Acknowledgments We would like to express our thanks to the many people who supported the publicationofthisbook. First of all, we would like to thank the staff of Schloss Dagstuhl for their professionalhelpinallaspects.ThebreathtakingDagstuhlatmospherewasthebasis thatmadeourworkshopsuchauniqueandsuccessfulmeeting. Thisbookwouldneverhaveattaineditshighlevelofqualitywithoutarigorous peer-review process. Each chapter has been reviewed by at least two researchers in one or more stages. We would like to thank Alexander M. Bronstein, Oliver Demetz, Jean-Denis Durou, Laurent Hoeltgen, Yong Chul Ju, Margret Keuper, Reinhard Klette, Jan Lellmann, Jose´ Alberto Iglesias Mart´ınez, Pascal Peter, Luis Pizarro, Nilanjan Ray, Christian Ro¨ssl, Christian Schmaltz, Simon Setzer, Sibel Tari, Michael Wand, Martin Welk, Benedikt Wirth, and Laurent Younes for their dedicatedandconstructivehelpinthiswork. Moreover,wewouldliketothanktheeditorsoftheboardoftheSpringerseries MathematicsandVisualizationforthe opportunitytopublishthisbookatanideal position in the scientific literature. We are also grateful to Ruth Allewelt from Springer-Verlagforherpracticalandverypatientsupport. Finally,wewouldliketothankAnastasiaDubrovinaforproducingthenicecover imageforthebook. ix