INNOCENT U N T I L PROVEN M U S L I M INNOCENT U N T I L PROVEN M U S L I M ISLAMOPHOBIA, THE WAR ON TERROR, AND THE MUSLIM EXPERIENCE SINCE 9/11 MAHA HILAL BROADLEAF BOOKS MINNEAPOLIS INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN MUSLIM Islamophobia, the War on Terror, and the Muslim Experience since 9/11 Copyright © 2021 Broadleaf Books, an imprint of 1517 Media. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in critical articles and reviews, no part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Email copyright @1517 .media or write to Permissions, Broadleaf Books, Box 1209, Minneapolis, MN 55440- 1209. Cover Design: Faceout Studios Print ISBN: 978- 1- 5064- 7046- 7 eBook ISBN: 978- 1- 5064- 7047- 4 To all the victims of the War on Terror: May you find justice or may justice find you, wherever you are. This book is dedicated to the following people: My father (1945–9 2), whose love and care shaped my road to success and who taught me the value of persistence and perse- verance. Although he is no longer with us, I feel his presence every day. I wish he could be here to witness the completion of this book, but I am confident that he would be proud of me. My beautiful mother, who has been my rock all my life and in particular while I was writing this book. In the early days of writing my manuscript, I would frequently tell her that I had writer’s block. She would always repeat an Arabic proverb to me that translates to “Rain begins with one drop and then it pours down.” So it was with this book. I love her more than words can describe. My sister and brother-i n- law, who encouraged me to write and finish this book and who have shown me the importance of get- ting new ideas out in the world. They are as brilliant as they are accomplished, and anyone would be lucky to have them as professors. My niece and nephew, who won’t understand the contents of this book just yet (and I hope it’s a long time before they do), but for whom I have infinite love. They are the beautiful beings I remem- ber when I think about why this world has to change and what my role is in creating a better world for them. Because night is here but the barbarians have not come Some people arrived from the frontiers And they said that there are no longer any barbarians And now what shall become of us without any barbarians? Those people were a kind of solution. — C. P. Cavafy, “Waiting for the BarBarians”1