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Inglés. Investigación, innovación y buenas prácticas: Teacher Development (Formación del Profesorado. (Máster Secundaria)) (Spanish Edition) PDF

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MA093:Layout 2 18/7/11 16:13 Página 1 FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESORADO. EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESORADO. EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA 9 III VOLÚMENES COMPLEMENTARIOS Esta colección tiene por objetivo principal contribuir a la formación del Susan House (coord.) profesorado y reflejar una visión coherente de la educación secundaria Author and Teacher Trainer Vol. I. Inglés. Complementos de formación (obligatoria y bachillerato), tanto en lo que concierne a las finalidades disciplinar de las etapas y enseñanzas que la conforman como a los planteamien- s INGLÉS Rosa Alonso Alonso Theory and Practice in English Language tos curriculares, didácticos y psicopedagógicos. Asimismo, sugiere nue- ca Universidad de Vigo i Teaching t vos enfoques en la formación del profesorado compaginando el rigor c á Matthew Banks científico de los contenidos con una presentación práctica de los mis- pr Investigación, innovación EFL Teacher and Teacher Trainer Vol. II. Didáctica del Inglés mos, que puede ser útil tanto para el futuro profesor (Máster de Secun- s Classroom Practice a daria) como para el docente en ejercicio que desee potenciar su n Lourdes Cerezo e desarrollo profesional. u y buenas prácticas Universidad de Murcia b VOLÚMENES CORRESPONDIENTES AL y n Ramiro Durán MÓDULO GENÉRICO Y AL PRÁCTICUM Los ocho capítulos que conforman de este libro tratan sobre el desarrollo ió Universidad de Salamanca c del profesorado, y se incluyen los siguientes temas: el desarrollo y mante- a Vol. I. Desarrollo, aprendizaje v nimiento de sus habilidades; la aplicación de la práctica reflexiva; el desa- o Teacher Development Valerie Hobbs y enseñanza en la educación secundaria n University of Sheffield rrollode habilidades de pensamiento y el fomento de la autonomía de los n i estudiantes en la enseñanza del Inglés como Lengua extranjera; la reali- , Vol. II. Procesos y contextos educativos: n Mei Lin zación de investigaciones educativas; el desarrollo de técnicas de evalua- ó enseñar en las instituciones de educación i University of Newcastle ción; la comprensión y la corrección de los errores de los alumnos; y la c secundaria a preparación para el prácticum. Cada capítulo incluye tareas para conso- tig Susan House (coord.) Amos Paran lidar la información, así como actividades de evaluación más exhaustivas. s Vol. III. Sociología de la educación e Institute of Education. v secundaria n University of London The eight chapters in this book address the question of teacher develop- I . S Rosa Alonso Alonso, Matthew Banks, Lourdes Cerezo, Vol. IV. Aprender a enseñar en la práctica: ment, including maintaining and developing teacher skills; applying re- É L procesos de innovación y prácticas flective teacher practice; developing thinking skills and fostering student G Ramiro Durán, Valerie Hobbs, Susan House, autonomy in ELT; carrying out educational research; developing assess- N de formación en la educación secundaria Mei Lin, Amos Paran ment techniques; understanding and correcting students’ errors and pre- I paring for your Practicum. Each chapter includes tasks for consolidating the information and more extensive assessment tasks. VOLÚMENES CORRESPONDIENTES A ORIENTACIÓN EDUCATIVA Vol. I. Orientación educativa. Modelos y estrategias de intervención Vol. II. Orientación educativa. Atención a la diversidad y educación inclusiva Vol. III. Orientación educativa. Procesos de innovación y mejora de la enseñanza ISBN: 978-84-9980-096-7 9 Vol. III Susan House (coord.) Author and Teacher Trainer Rosa Alonso Alonso Universidad de Vigo Matthew Banks EFL Teacher and Teacher Trainer Lourdes Cerezo Universidad de Murcia Ramiro Durán Universidad de Salamanca Valerie Hobbs University of Sheffield Mei Lin University of Newcastle Amos Paran Institute of Education. University of London ingles_vol3_5_Layout 2 11/07/11 9:37 Página 1 FORMACIÓN DEL PROFESORADO. EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA INGLÉS Investigación, innovación y buenas prácticas Teacher Development Susan House (coord.) Rosa Alonso Alonso, Matthew Banks, Lourdes Cerezo, Ramiro Durán, Valerie Hobbs, Susan House, Mei Lin, Amos Paran 9 Vol. III ingles_vol3_5_Layout 2 11/07/11 9:37 Página 2 Formación del Profesorado. Educación Secundaria Serie: Didáctica de las Lenguas extranjeras/Formación y Desarrollo Profesional del Profesorado Director de la colección: César Coll Coeditan MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN Secretaría de Estado de Educación y Formación Profesional Instituto de Formación del Profesorado, Investigación e Innovación Educativa (IFIIE) © Secretaría General Técnica Catálogo de publicaciones del Ministerio: educacion.es Catágolo general de publicaciones oficiales: publicacionesoficiales.boe.es Editorial GRAÓ, de IRIF, S.L. C/ Hurtado, 29. 08022 Barcelona www.grao.com ©Susan House (coord.), Rosa Alonso Alonso, Matthew Banks, Lourdes Cerezo, Ramiro Durán, Valerie Hobbs, Susan House, Mei Lin, Amos Paran © De esta edición: Editorial GRAÓ, de IRIF, S.L. Ministerio de Educación, Secretaría General Técnica 1.ª edición: julio 2011(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:1)(cid:38)(cid:69)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:216)(cid:79)(cid:1)(cid:70)(cid:77)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:216)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:66)(cid:27)(cid:1)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:18)(cid:18) NIPO: 820-11-268-4 NIPO: 820-11-269-X ISBN: 978-84-9980-096-7 ISBN: 978-84-369-5127-1 D.L.: B-25.948-2011 Diseño: Maria Tortajada Maquetación: Vinyet Ramírez Impresión: CEVAGRAF, S.C.C.L. Impreso en España Quedan rigurosamente prohibidas, bajo las sanciones establecidas en las leyes, la reproducción o almacenamiento total o parcial de la presente publicación, incluyendo el diseño de la portada, así como la transmisión de ésta por cualquier medio, tanto si es eléctrico como químico, mecánico, ó pti- co, de grabación o bien de fotocopia, sin la autorización escrita de los titulares del copyright. Si nece- sita fotocopiar o escanear fragmentos de esta obra, diríjase a CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org). ingles_vol3_5_Layout 2 11/07/11 9:37 Página 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1. Maintaining and Developing Professional Skills, Amos Paran. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Introductions and overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The challenges of working as a teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Some general principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Maintaining language skills: use it or lose it. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Maintaining teaching skills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Assignments/Further reading/References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2. Reflective Practice: Assessing Ourselves as Teachers, Valerie Hobbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 History of the reflective practitioner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Principles of reflective practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Becoming a reflective teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Conclusions about reflective practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Assignments/Further reading/References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3. Research Methods in Second Language Acquisition, Rosa Alonso Alonso. . . . . . . . . 43 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Review of the literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Statement of purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Assignments/Further reading/References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4. Guidelines for Error Correction in the EFL Classroom, Ramiro Durán . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 The communicative approach and error correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Teacher approaches to error correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Why do learners make mistakes?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Procedure for error correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Oral work correction procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Written work correction procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Assignments/Further reading/References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 ingles_vol3_5_Layout 2 11/07/11 9:37 Página 4 5. Teaching Thinking Skills in Foreign Language Learning, Mei Lin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Thinking skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Teaching higher-order thinking in the foreign language learning class . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 How to teach thinking in the foreign language learning class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats: an easy start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Teaching thinking and the impact on learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Implications for teacher education and professional development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Assignments/Further reading/References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 6. Exploring Language Learner Autonomy in the Context of ELT, Matthew Banks. . . . 101 Introduction: learner autonomy as a mainstream concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Background: language learning autonomy in the context of educational change. . . 102 Definitions: so what is language learner autonomy?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Fostering language learner autonomy: a combination of approaches . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Criticisms: some problems with mainstream language learner autonomy . . . . . . . . 112 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Assignments/Further reading/References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 7. Introducing Language Assessment and Testing, Lourdes Cerezo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Assessment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Assignments/Further reading/References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 8. Practicum, Susan House. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Teaching methodologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 The foreign language curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Main pedagogical considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Preparing for your teaching practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Ethical and professional considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Dealing with learning disabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Assignments/Further reading/References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 ingles_vol3_5_Layout 2 11/07/11 9:37 Página 5 5 INTRODUCTION Susan House Coordinator Your work as a teacher begins with the Practicum, but teaching as a profession requires cons- tant and systematic review of both theory and practice throughout your years of practice. This book is Volume III of the Formación del profesorado. Educación secundaria collection, which offers resources for secondary teachers' lifelong training, both during the process of honing and updating their teaching expertise and when taking the master's degree for teaching. The contents for the subject of English are divided into three volumes: Inglés. Complementos de formación disciplinar. Theory and Practice in English Language Teaching; Didáctica del In- glés. Classroom Practice; and Inglés. Investigación, innovación y buenas prácticas. Teacher Development. Volume III offers practical guidelines for preparing for your Practicum and asks you to consider how you can further develop your teaching skills as you work towards a more considered reflection on some of the deeper and more complex features of teaching theory and practice. Teaching is, fortunately, a practice which rarely leaves people indifferent. There is a rich and very varied literature on both general pedagogical matters and within the field of EFL. There are numerous conferences, workshops and courses for you to attend organised by internatio- nal and local teacher groups, local education authorities, universities and publishers. For many teachers, especially those working in isolated areas, these events offer the possibility of engaging in debate with colleagues, learning about new methods, materials or technologies and the chance to update their pedagogical and language skills. We recommend that you make full use of these events both now and in the future. Teacher education does not finish when you have completed your teacher training course and been adjudicated a place in an educational institution; it is very much a field of active, lifelong learning. Many teachers go on to develop specialist areas such literacy or special- needs training. While you are developing your own research into specific areas of pedagogy it is useful to present these ideas to your colleagues and ask for their feedback before finali- sing your work. During your initial training you will have the opportunity to explore a wide variety of aspects of teaching and perhaps you can organise yourselves into special-interest groups. You might like to plan a series of informal debates with your colleagues and even invite speakers to visit your institution for seminars and workshops. Your institution will almost certainly have a pro- gramme of events organised, which you should attend, but you can also become actively in- volved in these initiatives. ingles_vol3_5_Layout 2 11/07/11 9:37 Página 6 6 TEACHERDEVELOPMENT The chapters in this volume are all independent articles written by a variety of specialists in different themes. Many of the chapters have an academic focus, which requires careful, slow reading. If you find these chapters challenging, try reading them with a colleague and pau- sing to discuss the issues as you read. This will help you to understand the more complex as- pects of the themes. We have also included some more practical chapters with templates for planning your work in the classroom. The chapters have not been placed in any specific order and you can read them as the themes appear in your teacher training classes. This volume begins with three chapters designed to help you maintain and develop both your teaching skills and your English language skills. The first of these offers plenty of highly practical suggestions for increasing your exposure to the language and teachers' forums. The second chapter is dedicated to reflective practice and how we can assess ourselves as teachers. In further chapters you will find guidelines and procedures for carrying out and reporting on research. Other chapters consider the question of learner autonomy in English language learning, thinking skills and how these impact on English language learning, tes- ting and assessing your students, and error correction. The final chapter helps you to prepare your Practicum. Within the body of each chapter there is a series of tasks for you to carry out as you are wor- king with the contents. These tasks are designed to encourage you to take a closer look at the issues raised in the chapter and to monitor the activities you are doing in your lessons. Since much of the work covered in this volume requires you to reflect carefully on a variety of ques- tions, it is a good idea to get into the habit of debating and discussing these questions with your colleagues. As you discuss these matters, it is important that you keep an open mind and a balance between personal experience and theoretical knowledge. Every classroom is different and all students are individuals so you should resist the temptation to extract gene- ralisations from personal experience alone. At the end of each chapter there are some assignments for you to work on which will help you further your knowledge and understanding of the issues that have been addressed in the chap- ter. These are longer pieces of work and require you to use a variety of different sources, in- cluding other chapters in Volume I: Inglés. Complementos de formación disciplinar. Theory and Practice in English Language Teaching and Volume II: Didáctica del Inglés. Classroom Practice. It is also extremely important that you widen your research into other sources. In Chapter 1, Paran suggests that you make an effort to attend teacher conferences, which will serve as a further source of information for you. At the end of each chapter there is a short list of Further Reading. These are texts or digital do- cuments that the writers consider to be useful for widening your understanding of the theme of the chapter. You should attempt to read at least some of these works; perhaps you can di- ingles_vol3_5_Layout 2 11/07/11 9:37 Página 7 7 INTRODUCTION vide them up amongst the members of your group and report back to each other on the con- tents and ideas expressed in the works. The work you cover in your tasks, assignments and further reading will provide you with a considerable body of knowledge and information. This should help you to build up a file of work and sources towards your final assessment. ingles_vol3_5_Layout 2 11/07/11 9:37 Página 8

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