Infrastructure Redux: Crisis, Progress in Industrial Pakistan & Beyond PDF
Preview Infrastructure Redux: Crisis, Progress in Industrial Pakistan & Beyond
Infrastructure Redux This page intentionally left blank Infrastructure Redux Crisis, Progress in Industrial Pakistan and Beyond Nausheen H. Anwar AssistantProfessorofUrbanStudies,InstituteofBusinessAdministration(IBA), Karachi,Pakistan ©NausheenH.Anwar2015 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedherrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN978–1–137–44816–3 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. For Aleem & Suleyman This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofTablesandFigures viii Acknowledgments ix ListofAcronyms xi CurrencyExchangeRates xiii Introduction:PathwaystoProgress 1 1 History,Ideas,Visions 24 2 DisruptedMobilities 69 3 PowerBreakdowns 111 4 WhitherLabor? 157 Conclusion:Infrastructure’sPromise 191 Appendices 209 MethodologicalNote 216 Notes 219 Bibliography 229 Index 243 vii Tables and Figures Tables 2.1 FinancingtheCityPackageProjectinSialkot 103 3.1 Scaleofdailyproduction:Chenabandcompetitorsin Faisalabad 134 3.2 Costcomparisonfordieselfuel 134 3.3 Chenab’scompetitors’costofprivatepower(2008) 137 3.4 Chenab–Summaryofprivateprovisioncost(2008) 138 3.5 Comparisonb/wChenab’sunitcostandIPPs’energy prices(2008) 142 4.1 VisiblefirmsinFaisalabad’stextile-garmentsector(2008) 176 4.2 Frequencyofannualsocialauditsperfirm 180 4.3 Full-timemedicalstaffandmedicalroomsacrossfirms 181 Figures I.1 CoverpageofPMLNmanifesto 2 viii Acknowledgments In the course of conducting the research for this book, and much later revising, rewriting and honing the argument presented, I have accumulated many debts of appreciation. I would first like to thank Sumila Gulyani for her support and encouragement, as it was under her guidance that I began the research. She encouraged me to ques- tion my assumptions about conventional paradigms of infrastructure development and provision and to consider a grounded approach for understandingalternatives.IamindebtedtoSumila.IntheProgramof Urban Planning at Columbia University, Smita Srinivas pushed me to think about the interplay between the role of institutions and indus- trial development and especially to reflect on the condition of labor. RobertBeauregard,ElliottSclarandPeterMarcuseenabledmetoreturn to the PhD program after a long hiatus. Thanks to the Program of UrbanPlanningforprovidingcrucialfinancialsupportformyresearch inPakistan. Thanks to Majed Akhter, whose generous feedback was critical in helping me to distil the core of my argument. A debt of gratitude to AyeshaJalalforherintellectualadvice,commentsandencouragement; Nichola Lowe for constructive criticism and pointing me toward the extensiveliteratureonindustrialdistricts;NebahatTokatliforengaging myresearchfromtheperspectiveofeconomicgeography.Icannotbegin tothankenoughAradhanaSharmawhopushedmetoproblematizethe idea of the ‘state’ and Mridu Rai for reminding me that history always has significant bearing. In addition to those already mentioned, I am grateful to Natasha Iskander for providing perceptive and generously detailedresponsesonaveryearlydraftofthiswork;andtoSarwatViqar, Yaminay Chaudhri and Dholeeka Raj who shared valuable comments on different sections that I had revised during my postdoctoral fellow- shipat theAsia Research Institute(ARI) in Singapore.I am particularly thankfultoARIforprovidingawonderfullycongenial,stimulatingand resourcefulenvironmentthatmadefinalizingthemanuscriptasmooth journey. At ARI, I have enjoyed the warmth and generosity of many colleagues, especially in the Asian Urbanisms Cluster where Michelle Miller was exceptionally encouraging. I thank Michelle for her helpful feedbackoncertainsectionsofthemanuscriptandfortheinnumerable ix
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