Information, Territory, and Networks: The Crisis and Maintenance of Empire in Song China PDF
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Information, Territory, and Networks Harvard East Asian Monographs 388 Information, Territory, and Networks The Crisis and Maintenance of Empire in Song China Hilde De Weerdt Published by the Harvard University Asia Center Distributed by Harvard University Press Cambridge (Massachusetts) and London 2015 © 2015 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College Printed in the United States of America The Harvard University Asia Center publishes a monograph series and, in co- ordination with the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies, the Korea Institute, the Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies, and other faculties and institutes, administers research projects designed to further scholarly understanding of China, Japan, Vietnam, Korea, and other Asian countries. The Center also sponsors projects addressing multidisciplinary and regional issues in Asia. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data De Weerdt, Hilde Godelieve Dominique, author. Information, territory, and networks : the crisis and maintenance of empire in Song China / Hilde De Weerdt. pages cm — (Harvard East Asian monographs ; 388) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-674-08842-9 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. China—History—Song dynasty, 960–1279. 2. China—Foreign relations—960–1644. 3. China—Boundaries. 4. Imperialism. 5. Elite (Social sciences)—China—History. I. Title. II. Series: Harvard East Asian monographs ; 388. DS751.D4 2015 951'.024—dc23 2015005309 Index by David Prout Printed on acid-free paper Last figure below indicates year of this printing 20 19 18 17 16 15 In Memory of Oka Motoshi Contents List of Figures, Maps, and Tables ix Preface and Acknowledgments xv List of Abbreviations xxiii Introduction 1 Part I Contemporary Dimensions of Empire: The Court 1 The Dissemination of the Archives and the Formation of the Late Imperial Archival Mentality 35 2 Court Gazettes and Short Reports 76 Part II Transhistorical Dimensions of Empire: The Chinese Territories 3 The Reconstitution of Empire in Empire Maps 107 viii contents Part III Margins, Borders, and Frontiers 4 Strategic Discourse: Building Frontiers in the Public Domain 167 5 The Multiplexity of Premodern Borders 233 Part IV Imperial Information Networks 6 The Notebook Phenomenon 281 7 Informant Networks and Literati Identities 325 8 Representing the Foreign Other 395 Conclusions and Prospects 427 Appendix 1: Supplementary Tables 439 Appendix 2: A Note on Topical Markup 467 Bibliography 469 Index 501 Figures, Maps, and Tables Figures 1.1 The process by which archives evolve into different types of archival and historical compilations 40 3.1 “The General Survey Map of Chinese and Non-Chinese from the Past through the Present” 138 3.2 “The Map of the Wei Dynasty and the Northern States” 142 4.1 The hierarchy of strategic places in the Upper Yangzi and Huai regions 187 4.2A–B The subheading “Reunification” under the subject heading “Dealing with non-Chinese” in Liu Dake’s Bishui qunying, with source materials consisting of selected quotations from Liangchao shengzheng 198 4.3A–B Passages in Liangchao shengzheng corresponding to those quoted in Liu Dake’s Bishui qunying 199 4.4 Relationship between the main text and the chronological and topical indexes in Liangchao shengzheng 200 5.1 “The Map of the Empire during the Yuanfeng Reign [1078–85]” 244 6.1 The number of Song biji printed editions, by the century in which they were printed 292 6.2 The distribution of Song biji editions, by type of printer 297 x figures, maps, and tables 6.3 The number of government imprints of Song biji, by century of printing, showing the subcategories of government printers 299 6.4 Methods used to qualify for officialdom among Song biji authors, by percentage 308 6.5 The number of authors of biji printed in Song times for whom no entry data exist in the China Biographical Database Project (CBDB) 310 6.6 Relationships involved in the production of Wang Mingqing’s Waving the Duster 319 7.1 Wang Mingqing, Waving the Duster: informant network by citation frequency 336 7.2 Sima Guang, A Record of Hearsay from Su River: informant network by citation frequency 340 7.3 Zhang Shinan, Records of Official Travel: informant network by citation frequency 342 7.4A Wang Mingqing, Waving the Duster: author network to 959 344 7.4B Wang Mingqing, Waving the Duster: author network, 1060–1109 345 7.5 Wang Mingqing, Waving the Duster: informant network, 1100–1219 346 7.6 Zhang Shinan, Records of Official Travel: informant network, 1150–1266 347 7.7 Wang Mingqing, Waving the Duster: temporal distribution of entries, by reign period 348 7.8 Zhang Shinan, Records of Official Travel: temporal distribution of entries, by reign period 350 7.9 Topic map for Wang Mingqing’s Waving the Duster 381
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