Table Of Content

INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT An International Journal Editor-in-Chief: Tefko Saracevic Rutgers University Volume 36 (2000) Contents and Author Index INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT —An International Journal— (Incorporating IVFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) Email: [email protected] Web site: http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/infoproman Editor-in-Chief Associate Editors Tefko Saracevic Nicholas J. Belkin W. Bruce Croft School of Communication, Information and Library School of Communication, Information and Library Studies Department of Computer and Information Science Studies Rutgers University University of Massachusetts Rutgers University 4 Huntington Street Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A. 4 Huntington Street New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1071, U.S.A. [email protected] New Brunswick, NJ 08903, U.S.A. nick @belkin.rutgers.edu [email protected] Associate Editor (Europe) Associate Editor (Book Reviews) Founding Editor C. J van Rijsbergen Amanda Spink Harold Borko Department of Computing Science Associate Professor Graduate School of Education and Information Studies Lilybank Gardens School of Information Sciences & Technology University of California The University The Pennsylvania State University 102 South Hall Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland 120 S. Burrowes Street, 511 Rider Building Los Angeles, CA 90024-1520 U.S.A. [email protected] University Park, PA 16801-3857, U.S.A. [email protected] spink @ist.psu.edu Editorial Board Maristella Agosti H. P. Frei Haruo Kimoto Jessica L. Milstead Padova University, Padova, Italy Union Bank of Switzerland Nippon Telegraph and Telephone The JELEM Company [email protected] Zurich, Switzerland Corporation Indian Head, MD, U.S.A. [email protected] Yokosuka, Japan [email protected] Tatiana Aparac [email protected] University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Jonathan Furner Sung Hung Myaeng [email protected] University of California Gehard Knorz Chungnam National University Los Angeles, CA U.S.A. Fachhochschule Darmstadt Taejon, Korea Trudi Bellardo Hahn [email protected] Darmstadt, Germany [email protected] University of Maryland, MD U.S.A. Donna Harman [email protected] [email protected] National Institute of Standards & Desai Narasimhalu David C. Blair Technology Rainer Kuhlen National University of Singapore University of Michigan Gaithersburg, MD U.S.A. Universitat Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Singapore Ann Arbor, MI U.S.A. donna. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] David Harper Elisabeth D. Liddy Fausto Rabitti Abraham Bookstein The Robert Gordon University Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY U.S.A. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche University of Chicago, Chicago, IL U.S.A. Aberdeen, Scotland [email protected] Pisa, Italy [email protected] [email protected] F. [email protected] John Lindsay Michael Buckland William Hersh Kingston University Oregon Health Sciences University Roy Rada University of California Kingston upon Thames, U.K. Portland, OR U.S.A. University of Maryland Berkeley, CA U.S.A. lindsay@ king.ac.uk [email protected] Baltimore, MD U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] Peter Ingwersen Elisabeth Logan Yves Chiaramella The Royal School of Library and Florida State University University of Grenoble Information Science Tallahassee, FL U.S.A. Edie M. Rasmussen Grenoble Cedex, France Copenhagen, Denmark [email protected] University of Pittsburgh [email protected] Pittsburgh, PA U.S.A. [email protected] Gary Marchionini erasmus(@sis.pitt.edu Lee Feng Chien Tetsuya Ishikawa University of North Carolina Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan University of Library and Chapel Hill, NC U.S.A. Stephen E. Robertson Ifchien@ iis.sinica.edu.tw Information Science [email protected] Microsoft Research Ltd, Cambridge, U.K. Taukuba, Japan ser(@microsoft.com Raya Fidel University of Washington [email protected] Richard S. Marcus Seattle, WA U.S.A. Kalervo Jarvelin Massachusetts Institute of Technology Nancy Roderer [email protected] University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland Cambridge, MA U.S.A. National Library of Medicine [email protected] Bethesda, MD U.S.A. kalervo.jarvelin@ uta.fi Edward A. Fox [email protected] Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State Paul B. Kantor Michel J. Menou University Rutgers University Consultant in Information Management Karen Sparck Jones Blacksburg, VA U.S.A. New Brunswick, NJ U.S.A. Les Rosiers sur Loire, France University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. [email protected] kantor(@scils.rutgers.edu [email protected] [email protected] Author Services Department: For queries relating to the general submission of articles (including electronic text and artwork) and the status of accepted manuscripts, please contact the Author Services Department: E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +44 (0) 1865 843905; Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843900. Publication information: Information Processing & Management (ISSN 0306-4573). For 2000, volume 36 is scheduled for publication. Subscription prices are available upon request from the Publisher or from the Regional Sales Office nearest you or from this journal’s website (http://www.elsevier.nl/locate/infoproman). Further information is available on this journal and other Elsevier Science products through Elsevier’s website: (http://www.elsevier.nl). Subscriptions are accepted on a prepaid basis only and are entered on a calendar year basis. 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All rights reserved. Periodicals postage paid at Rahway, New Jersey. Information Processing & Management (ISSN 0306-4573) is published six issues per year, January, March, May, July, September and November by Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK. The annual subscription in the USA is $919. Information Processing & Management is circulated by Mercury International Limited, 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001, USA. POSTMASTER: Please send address corrections to: Information Processing & Management, c/o Customer Services, Elsevier Science Inc., 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010, USA. LIST OF CONTENTS Number 1 SPECIAL ISSUE The Sixth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-6) E. M. Voorhees l Editorial Ellen M. Voorhees Overview of the Sixth Text REtrieval Conference Donna Harman (TREC-6) Karen Sparck Jones Further reflections on TREC Alan F. Smeaton TREC-6: personal highlights S. E. Robertson Experimentation as a way of life: Okapi at TREC S. Walker M. Beaulieu Chris Buckley Using clustering and SuperConcepts within SMART: Mandar Mitra TREC 6 Janet Walz Claire Cardie Gordon V. Cormack Passage-based query refinement (MultiText experiments Charles L. A. Clarke for TREC-6) Christopher R. Palmer Samuel S. L. To Jose Perez-Carballo Natural language information retrieval: progress report Tomek Strzalkowski Ashwin Rao Query processing in TREC-6 Allan Lu Ed Meier Salahuddin Ahmed Daniel Pliske Jan O. Pedersen Verity at TREC-6: out-of-the-box and beyond Craig Silverstein Christopher C. Vogt Volume Contents | Information Processing and Management 36 (2000) III-VII Number 2 SPECIAL ISSUE SECTION Web-Based Information Retrieval Research Amanda Spink 205 Editorial Jian Qin Bernard J. Jansen 207 Real life, real users, and real needs: a study and analysis Amanda Spink of user queries on the web Tefko Saracevic Peiling Wang Users’ interaction with World Wide Web resources: an William B. Hawk exploratory study using a holistic approach Carol Tenopir Bert J. Dempsey Design and empirical evaluation of search software for Robert C. Vreeland legal professionals on the WWW Robert G. Sumner Jr Kiduk Yang Joanne Capstick A system for supporting cross-lingual information Abdel Kader Diagne retrieval Gregor Erbach Hans Uszkoreit Anne Leisenberg Manfred Leisenberg GENERAL PAPERS Charles L. A. Clarke 291 Relevance ranking for one to three term queries Gordon V. Cormack Elizabeth A. Tudhope Inien Syu Adapting a diagnostic problem-solving model to infor- S. D. Lang mation retrieval Book reviews Jian Qin How Classifications Work: Problems and Challenges in an Electronic Age by G. C. Bowker and S. L. Star Charles Cole High Technology and Low-Income Communities: Pro- spects for the Positive Use of Advanced Information Technology; by D. A. Schon, B. Sanyal, W. J. Mitchell Mandar Mitra Summarizing Information; by B. Endres-Niggemeyer D. G. Roussinov Slaves of the machine; by Gregory J. E. Rawlins Volume Contents / Information Processing and Management 36 (2000) III-VII Number 3 Anne Le Calvé Database merging strategy based on logistic regression Jacques Savoy Rila Mandala Query expansion using heterogeneous thesauri Takenobu Tokunaga Hozumi Tanaka Masami Shishibori Two improved access methods on compact binary (CB) Masafumi Koyama trees Makoto Okada Jun-ichi Aoe Yu Guang The mathematical models of the periodical literature Yu Daren publishing process Rong Yihong J. Mostafa Automatic classification using supervised learning in a W. Lam medical document filtering application Barbara M. Wildemuth A longitudinal study of database-assisted problem Charles P. Friedman solving John Keyes Stephen M. Downs Diane H. Sonnenwald Information behavior in dynamic group work contexts: Linda G. Pierce interwoven situational awareness, dense social networks and contested collaboration in command and control Charles Cole The development of a diagnostic—prescriptive tool for Pablo Cantero undergraduates seeking information for a social science/ Andras Ungar humanities assignment. III. Enabling devices Birger Hjorland Library and information science: practice, theory, and philosophical basis Number 4 Erica Cosijn Dimensions of relevance Peter Ingwersen Jack P. C. Kleijnen Measuring the quality of publications: new method- Willem Van Groenendaal ology and case study ¢ Volume Contents | Information Processing and Management 36 (2000) III-VII M. I. Heywood 57] Digital library query clearing using clustering and fuzzy A. N. Zincir-Heywood decision-making C. R. Chatwin Fabio Crestani Searching the web by constrained spreading activation Puay Leng Lee Nikunj P. Dalal Cognitive design of home pages: an experimental study Zane Quible of comprehension on the World Wide Web Katherine Wyatt A. Salminen Putting documents into their work context in document V. Lyytikainen analysis P. Tiitinen Hak-Gyoon Kim Structured storage and retrieval of SGML documents Sung-Bae Cho using Grove Brigitte Endres-Niggemeyer SimSum: an empirically founded simulation of summarizing Raymond L. Major An aggregation approach to the classification problem Cliff T. Ragsdale using multiple prediction experts Number 5 Ellen M. Voorhees Variations in relevance judgments and the measurement of retrieval effectiveness El-Sayed Atlam Similarity measurement using term negative weight and Masao Fuketa its application to word similarity Kazuhiro Morita Jun-ichi Aoe Jorng-Tzong Horng Applying genetic algorithms to query optimization in Ching-Chang Yeh document retrieval Morten Hertzum The information-seeking practices of engineers: Annelise Mark Pejtersen searching for documents as well as for people Volume Contents | Information Processing and Management 36 (2000) ITI-VII Number 6 K. Sparck Jones A probabilistic model of information retrieval: develop- S. Walker ment and comparative experiments—Part | S. E. Robertson K. Sparck Jones A probabilistic model of information retrieval: develop- ‘. Walker ment and comparative experiments—Part 2 S. E. Robertson Marie Francine Moens Text categorization: the assignment of subject descrip- Jos Dumortier tors to magazine articles