Information Extraction from Amharic Language Text

101 Pages·2017·1.91 MB·English

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF LAW AND GOVERNANCE
STUDIES

FEDERALISM AND
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: THE
CASE OF BURAYOU CITY
BY
MESFIN LEMMA

JUNE, 2018
ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA
Addis Ababa University
College of Law and Governance Studies
Center for Federal and Governance Studies

Federalism and Environmental Policy:
The Case of Burayou City
BY
Mesfin Lemma
Supervisor
Ketema Wakjira (PhD)

June, 2018

Declaration
I the undersigned, declare that this thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a
degree in any other university, and that all sources of materials used for this thesis have been
duly acknowledged.
Declared by:
Mesfin Lemma
Signature__________________________________
Date______________________________________
Declaration of this thesis has been confirmed by the approval of the advisor.
Ketema Wakjira (PhD)
Signature___________________________________________
Date______________________________________________
Addis Ababa University
Collage of Law and Governance
Center for Federalism and Governance Studies
Federalism and Environmental Policy: The Case of
Burayou City
By Mesfin Lemma

Approved by Board of Examiners
Name Signature Date
Advisor ____________________ _________________ _________________

Examiner __________________ __________________ ________________

Examiner ________________ __________________ ________________
Acknowledgments
First of all I would like to thank almighty God for helping me throughout my carrier and
successful accomplishment of my study. Next, I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Ketema
Wakjira (PhD) for his strong, critical evaluation and constructive comment in improving the
quality of the study, starting from the beginning to its accomplishment. His assistance, support
and inspiration on this study were highly valuable. This study wouldn‟t be realized without his
strong contribution and commitment.
Next, I would like to thank all my parents, friends and all others for giving me moral and
technical support throughout my MA study. My acknowledgment also goes to my friend
Mulalem Abebe who gave me moral support and significance suggestion in the process of my
study. I have special thank for my friend Asefa Birhanu who was giving me special support
during the time of my study.
My sincere, acknowledgement also goes to all informants at all levels of government, focused
group participants, and respondents of questionnaires for giving me valuable information in the
process of my study. Finally, I would like to thank the city administration of Burayou for giving
me full sponsorship during my study.

i
Abbreviations
EPA- Environmental Protection Authority
CSA- Central Statistics Agency
GDP- Growth Domestic Product
USD- United States Dollar
SME- Small and Micro Enterprises
USA- United States of America
US - United States
EIA- Environmental Impact Assessment
UNEP- United Nations Environmental Program
IAIA- International Association for Impact Assessment
UN- United Nations
FDRE- Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
ULGDP- Urban Local Government Development Program
IGR- Intergovernmental Relation
UNESCO- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
FDG- Focused Group Discussion
REDD+- Reducing Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
GTZ- German Agency for Technical Cooperation

ii
Abstract
The aim this research is to analyze the adequacy of environmental policies and legal
frameworks, competencies of the federal, regional state and urban local governments in
protection of environment. It particularly examined the implementation of environmental policy
in the city of Burayou. In doing so, the study employed a mixed research approach; and primary
data were collected using interview, FDG, questionnaire and personal observation.
The finding of this research shows that there is inadequate policy and legal frameworks for
addressing environmental problems at the local level. Due to lack of significant regulations,
directives, procedural guidelines, and lack of standards and baselines to protect the
environment, the local communities living around the industries have been vulnerable to
environmental hazards. Public participation in environmental decision making hardly exists at
the city level; and the environmental accountability is yet to be attained. There is weak
intergovernmental coordination among environmental sectors at the three levels. There has been
little supervision over the environmental sector at the city level; and the environmental sector in
the city of Burayou suffers from capacity constraints. Hence, this study contends that there is a
need for empowering urban local governments, strengthen environmental policies, and build the
capacity of environmental bodies and to promote IGRs for implementation of environmental
policies in rapidly urbanizing cities like Burayou.
Key Words: Environmental Federalism, Environmental Policy, Industrial Pollution, Burayou

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Table of Contents
Contents Page
Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................ i
Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. ii
Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iv
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... viii
List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. viii
1.Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 3
1.2.Objectives of the study .......................................................................................................... 5
1.3.The Research Questions ........................................................................................................ 5
1.4.Scope of the study ................................................................................................................. 6
1.5.Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 6
1.6.Limitation of the Study ......................................................................................................... 6
1.7.Some Descriptions about the Study Area .............................................................................. 7
1.8.Methods of Research ............................................................................................................. 9
1.8.1.Methodological Approach of the Study .......................................................................... 9
1.8.2.Data sources .................................................................................................................... 9
1.9.Data Collection Instruments .................................................................................................. 9
1.9.1.Questionnaires ................................................................................................................ 9
1.9.2.Key-Informant interview .............................................................................................. 10
1.9.3.Focused Group Discussion ........................................................................................... 10
1.9.4.Observation ................................................................................................................... 11
1.9.5.Document Review ........................................................................................................ 11
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