informal settlements & affordable housing

195 Pages·2007·5.18 MB·English

INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS &
AFFORDABLE HOUSING

CIB Report
Publication 314

Editors:

 Happy Santosa
 Sri Yuwanti
 Erika Yuni Astuti

CIB Working Commission W 110 Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing

Published by: CIB General Secretariat
ISBN: 978-90-6363-056- 0 February 2007
Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing
Meeting and Conference, Semarang 22nd – 23th February 2007

PREFACE and ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This book represents the works of the researchers in the Asia region which are
compiled together in the international conference on “INFORMAL
SETTLEMENTS and AFFORDABLE HOUSING” by Research and
Development Board – Central Java Province in cooperation with the Department
of Architecture, Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) and the
International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction
(CIB) – Working Commission W 110 – Informal Settlements and Affordable
Housing; 22 February 2007.

The purpose of the conference is to obtain a global network and international
exchange and cooperation in research particularly in Informal Settlements and
Affordable Housing.

The discussion in this book covers the following topics:
1. Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing
2. Housing Innovasion and Community Participation

Special thanks are directed to professor Johan Silas from Department of
Architecture ITS, professor Eko Budiharjo from Department of Architecture
Diponegoro University and to professor Liana Arrieta de Bustillos from the
Centroccidental University “Lisandro Alvarado”, Barquisimeto, Venezuela for
their contribution. Appreciation and thanks also directed to all the writers in this
book.
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Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing
Meeting and Conference, Semarang 22nd – 23th February 2007

TABLE OF CONTENT

Pages
Invited Papers

1. Intangible Problems in Low Cost Housing Reconstruction for
Disaster Relief, The Case Study in Aceh and Nias
Johan Silas ………………………………………………………………... 1
2. Technological Transference Proposal in Sustainable Housing
Construction in Urban Settlements
L. Arrieta de Bustillos …………………………………………………… 5

Conference Papers 1 – Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing

1. The Strategical Policy of Perum Perumnas ( National Urban
Development Corporation ) to Realize Suitable Houses With the
Very Low Prices
Agus Budi Santosa ……………………………………………………….. 23
2. Identification of Conceivable Impact of Resettlement Affected by
the Countermeasures for Sedimentation in the Wonogiri Dam
Reservoir
Winny Astuti ………………………………………………………………. 29
3. Affordable Housing of Earthern Structural Building
Krisprantono ……………………………………………………………… 38
4. Magersari : Restructuring gendered Space in Vernacular
Settlement Case Study Particularrly Dalems (Nobles Residences)
in Surakarta
Mohammad Muqoffa …………………………………………………..... 44
5. Temporary Housing For Jobless Widows In The Urban Area
Happy Santosa & Sarah Cahyadini………….………………………… 85
6. Riverbank Settlement in Surabaya, the Reasons Behind the
Problems
Ispurwono Soemarno ……………………………………………………. 57
7. The Model of Informal Settlement at A High Density Environment
Fulfilling Thermal Comfort Requirement,
Case Study in Surabaya/Surakarta, Malang, and Sumenep
B. Heru Santoso, Rosalia Niniek S., Mas Santosa ............................ 67
8. Spatial Change of Fishermen Settlement In The Context of
Urbanization of Cambaya Village In Makassar
Sherly Asriany ……………………………………………………………. 73
9. Segmental Development Design for Wonokromo Waterfront
Settlements at Surabaya
Andon Setyo Wibowo ……………………………………………………. 78
10 Resettle the Informal Settlement Inhabitants in Semarang City
(Exemplify the Karangroto Case for Solving Cakrawala Barat
Problems)
Sri Yuwanti ……………………………………………………………….. 84

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Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing
Meeting and Conference, Semarang 22nd – 23th February 2007

Conference Paper 2 – Housing Innovasion and Community Participation

1. Naturalism Approach for Housing and Facilities Provides
for Low Income Target Groups
Jamilla Kautsary, Mila Karmila, ……………………………………… 94
2. Find Solution to Handling Slums Settlement In Semarang City
Mohammad Agung Ridlo ……………………………………………….. 100
3. Social Development Strategies in Slum Area (Aresidential Case In
the Floods of Bengawan Solo River Subdistrict of Pucangsawit,
Surakarta
Muranti Jani Rahayu, Rutiana D. ……………………………………... 106
Reconstructing Shelter – Rebuilding Lives” Lesson Learned From
the Disaster Response Program in Yogyakarta and Central Java
Henry Feriadi …………………………………………………………….. 113
4. Environmental Improvement of Urban Slums through Community
Empowerment Case Study of Kelurahan Bulak Banteng, Surabaya
Dewi Septanti …………………………………………………………….. 119
5. Community Participation in Slum Upgrading Programme
A Case Study in Surabaya, East Java
Andarita Rolalisasi ……………………………………………………… 130
6. Path Way Corridor as a Place for Informal Settlement
A. Tutut Subadyo ………………………………………………………… 135
7. Housing Development Programme for Tsunami Areas in Aceh
(Case study houses funded by Asia Development Bank ) 139
Johanes Krisdianto ………………………………………………………
8. Culture, a Community Heterogenity Bonding
Sidem Tetuko ……………………………………………………………... 146
9. Affordable Housing, a Study on Mud – Volcano Disaster
Purwanita Setijanti, Wahyu Setiawan, Mahesti Okitasari …………. 156
10. Affordable and Sustainable Housing for Disaster Mitigation
Case Study: RIA for Calang
Wahyu Setyawan …………………………………………………………. 168
11 Vertical Housing: Building Envelope as Solar Energy Receiving-
Set
Nurhamdoko Boni ……………………………………………………….. 177

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Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing
Meeting and Conference, Semarang 22nd – 23th February 2007

INVITED
PAPERS
Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing
Meeting and Conference, Semarang 22nd – 23th February 2007

INTANGIBLE PROBLEMS IN LOW COST HOUSING
RECONSTRUCTION FOR DISASTER RELIEF
THE CASE STUDY IN ACEH AND NIAS

Johan Silas
Laboratory for Housing and Human Settlements
Department of Architecture – ITS
(Email: [email protected])

Abstract

When facing the unsuspected mega disaster as experienced in boxing day
of 2004 in Aceh and Nias, the immediate reaction shown at that time was how to
save the surviving victims as much and as fast as possible in order not to add
more unnecessary and additional lost of live and suffering.
The actions taken at that time among others was how to build as much and a
quick as possible shelters to house them within the available resources that
normally arrived gradually and late as it was restricted by confusions, and as well
as cumbersome rules and regulations that was initially not designed or
formulated to deal with emergency situation that need prompt actions and result.

Keywords: intangible problems, low cost housing, reconstruction

I. INTRODUCTION
The mega earthquake and tsunami that hit areas in closing the year 2004,
covered from northern Aceh to Malaysia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka to as far as
the northwestern part of Africa destroyed hundreds of thousands of human lives,
buildings as well as the memory and evident: It also created a fast numbers of
surviving victims, orphans and widows. The immediate reaction taken by
international and national communities to provide help and relief were of global
scope and scale that this generation has not seen or known and experience before.
However, the large scale problems faced and have to be resolved, have no any
previous reference that was needed to deal with the huge and difficult aftermath as
this has not happened before in the long memory of the present generation and the
generation before.

II. TOO MUCH TOO SOON
The fast and widely publicized images of the disaster create a strong world
wide sentiment and human solidarity to assist in easing the burden and hardship
felt by the hundreds of thousand of indiscriminate victims. In a very short time
volunteers from any part of the world and from any walk of lives arrived in huge
numbers and equipped with the state of the art tools and equipments, and
supported by adequate funding that resulted in almost perfect way of easing the
sufferings of the victims, especially during the first three months in the emergency
period. However, the large amount of fund gradually pledged and made available
by world communities, did not always result in positive and effective ways of
assisting the victims as it was difficult to manage in the chaotic situation and
covering a large of devastated areas. Many mismatched and even wrong doing
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Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing
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were carried out by a large number of actors and institutions including fake NGOs
that could not be avoided and ultimately resulted in waste of vast amount of
resources that was not known or made known to the people who donated their
valuable and hard earned fund.

III. DISTURBING REALITIES
If in the initial stage after the disaster hit the area, the overall panorama
was debris scattered in all parts of the stricken area, it gave the impression of
almost impossible to clean it in a short possible time. Nevertheless only in about
six months time after and hard work in cleaning, the real scars that later emerged
were gruesome pictures of the destruction of many kinds that have never and ever
been seen before by this generation. A year later and approaching the second
anniversary of the disaster, different and yet still frightening pictures emerged in
the form of deteriorating ‘new’ housing built as relief, empty housing and
abandoned half finished housing in the scale reaching to thousands of unutilized
units.

IV. HARD REALITIES
Many reasons can be given for the hard and bad realities that can be seen
in disaster relief effort; from the bureaucratic administrative aspects to the
incompetence of performing their tasks as shown even by parties that bear names
of world class. BRR (Institute for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction) as special
institution established to deal with this realities also fails in almost all respects to
deal with the situation, partly relates to the incompetence and no available
reference. It is indeed not easy to establish a large institution consist of complex
tasks consist of staff both from the private and public sectors. BRR is also
overwhelm by rule and regulations that does not in any way meet the need of
urgent problem to be resolved in the fastest and large number way. Finger
pointing on who is to be blamed is easy and often been done, yet the expected
improved realities only appeared too little too late. The blame for the many
mishaps should not only be directed to those coming from out side of Aceh and
Nias, but many local actors both in the bureaucracy as well as the private sectors
in deed played a very important role to the badly achieved result mentioned above.

V. IS SUSTAINABLE HOUSING TRUE?
Conceptually, sustainable low cost housing to be used for disaster relief is
true and important although the realities in the field speak otherwise as many will
testify especially the beneficiaries that have to live there.
Low cost environmentally sensitive housing is not only true but a necessity that
cannot be avoided and it can easily be achieved and shown in a limited scale such
as in Gampong Pande etc. Big names of international institutions that get and
forced themselves involved in housing reconstruction have not contribute ideas or
solutions in a correct and effective way to solve the problem such as by UN
Habitat or Red Cross/Crescent from many countries. As we know Red Cross and
Red Crescent specialized in initial rescue to save lives and heal wounds. They
have no competence in any way to build houses. The same applies to OXFAM
that specialized in the provision of food and water, also enter into housing
reconstruction. Most of the houses are in dire state. When everybody that serve
the reconstruction in Aceh and Nias gradually started to leave since the beginning
of this year to the end of next year, sadly enough Aceh and Nias will not be in
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Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing
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better state as was initially promised and expected nor will they be more able to
deal with the situation when resource is back to the limited state and no expertise
support is available anymore.

VI. THE WAY OF SUSTAINABLE HOUSING
To implement sustainable housing at least five simple principles need to be
taken into account and be based on:
1. Adopt and adapt principle of local traditional housing that has been tested
over a period of very long time, to include the principle of environmental
based and earth quack resistance structure.
2. Introduce and integrate recent available technology in environmental
sensitive housing construction to include earth quake resistance methods
and the application of passive low energy architecture (PLEA) that has for
a long time been studied and applied in Surabaya. At ITS an ecohouse was
jointly developed in 1998 with Tsukuba University and Kyoto University
of Japan to do testing of simulation PLEA house model.
3. Allow the beneficiaries to decide the present and future need as they
perceived it to be accommodated in the planning and design of the houses
with sustainable principles.
4. Also consider the environmental issue in a larger sense to include various
waste management, recycling and social safe guard issues for vulnerable
groups such as widows, orphans, etc.
5. Introduce measures to ensure to better understand and able to best utilize
and develop the result at later stage as they see it fit. Training and enabling
process to the house owners need to be done.

VII. RULES OF SUSTAINABLE HOUSING
Never should or let central institutions to decide and dominantly endorse
the rules and regulations needed in the effort in to over-come the result of
destructions after a big (natural) disaster. Most and existing rules and regulations
were drafted and designed for the use to deal with problems in normal and
controlled condition that does not exist whatsoever in disaster area where speed
and scale is the demand. The need for special ways and means to deal with the
reconstruction and rehabilitation effort should be made available as soon and as
flexible as possible. This has ultimately be managed by competent and
experienced personnel drafted to work full time and well supported with the
needed resources.

VIII. THE INTAGIBLE PROBLEMS
Problems with intangible nature in dealing with relief and reconstruction
afford after a mega disaster should not be over looked or taken for granted such as:
• Intervention by authorities that felt the authority and responsibility to deal
with the problem but have no knowledge as well as experience of the real
situation in the field has created a lot of unnecessary problems.
• Free riders attracted by the large amount of fund consist of among others
those that came to help such as many NGOs local and international and
those that were suppose to be helped (victim beneficiaries) mainly because
the availability of large funds that they feel easy to be manipulated and
supported by elements from within the system itself.
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Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing
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• The existing rules and regulations that was drafted in a rush to be applied
to the emergency situation only increase unnecessary work and burden by
the relief team in fighting the immediate need and yet still following the
rule of law.
• Fighting against the mal and corrupt practices by many parties is only an
additional waste of time and energy and prolong the time to relief the
hardship of the victims not in a longer time than necessary.

IX. CONCLUDING NOTES
The constraints in providing low cost and sustainable housing in disaster
relief effort change dynamically over time in quantitative and qualitative terms
that is not easy to foresee but need to be responded effective and efficiently. It is
therefore extremely important to do periodic evaluation and taking opinion that
developed over time from among the users and beneficiaries to gain and
understand better and important lessons both from the technical as well as the
perceived point of view. It is never too late to learn and to make the badly needed
improvements in all terms so that more and better steps can be taken to deal
effective and efficiently the problem after mega disaster in any time and any place.

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