influence of the shear wall area to floor area ratio on the seismic performance of existing reinforced

173 Pages·2013·5.86 MB·English

by  Emir Alimoğlu

INFLUENCE OF THE SHEAR WALL AREA TO FLOOR AREA RATIO ON THE SEISMIC
PERFORMANCE OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO
THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
OF
MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

BY

AHMET ORHUN GÜNEL

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

JANUARY 2013

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Approval of the thesis:

INFLUENCE OF SHEAR WALL AREA TO FLOOR AREA RATIO ON THE SEISMIC
PERFORMANCE OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS

submitted by AHMET ORHUN GÜNEL in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Civil Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University by,

Prof. Dr. Canan Özgen
Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences ____________

Prof. Dr. Ahmet Cevdet Yalçıner
Head of Department, Civil Engineering ____________

Assist. Prof. Dr. Burcu Burak
Supervisor, Civil Engineering Dept., METU ____________

Examining Committee Members

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Altuğ Erberik
Civil Engineering Dept., METU ____________

Assist. Prof. Dr. Burcu Burak
Supervisor, Civil Engineering Dept., METU ____________

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Alp Caner
Civil Engineering Dept., METU ____________

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Afşin Sarıtaş
Civil Engineering Dept., METU ____________

Yüksel İlkay Tonguç, M.Sc.
PROMER Consultancy Engineering Ltd. Co. ____________

Date: 31 January 2013

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I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in
accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these
rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original
to this work.

Name, Last name : Ahmet Orhun GÜNEL

Signature :

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ABSTRACT

INFLUENCE OF SHEAR WALL AREA TO FLOOR AREA RATIO ON THE SEISMIC
PERFORMANCE OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS

Günel, Ahmet Orhun
M.Sc., Department of Civil Engineering
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Burcu Burak

January 2013, 153 pages

An analytical study is performed to evaluate the influence of shear wall area to floor area ratio on the
behavior of existing mid-rise reinforced concrete buildings under earthquake loading. The seismic
performance of five existing school buildings with shear wall ratios between 0.00% and 2.50% in both
longitudinal and transverse directions and their strengthened counterparts are evaluated. Based on the
structural properties of the existing buildings, additional buildings with varying shear wall ratios are
designed. Consequently, twenty four buildings with different floor plans, number of stories, cross-
sectional properties of the members and material strengths are acquired. Nonlinear time-history
analyses are performed for all buildings by utilizing the software program, SAP2000 v14.2.0. under
seven different ground motion records. The results indicated that roof drifts and plastic deformations
reduce with increasing shear wall ratios, but the rate of decrease is lower for higher shear wall ratios.
Buildings with 1.00% shear wall ratio have significantly lower roof drifts and plastic deformations
when compared to buildings with 0.00% or 0.50% shear wall ratio. Roof drifts and plastic
deformations are minimized when the shear wall ratio is increased to 1.50%. After this limit, addition
of shear walls has only a slight effect on the seismic performance of the analyzed buildings.
Keywords: Shear Wall Ratio, Seismic Performance, Reinforced Concrete Structures, Nonlinear Time
History Analysis

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ÖZ

PERDE DUVAR ALANININ KAT ALANINA ORANININ MEVCUT BETONARME
BİNALARIN DEPREM YÜKLERİ ALTINDAKİ YAPISAL PERFORMANSLARINA ETKİSİ

Günel, Ahmet Orhun
Yüksek Lisans, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü
Tez Yöneticisi: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Burcu Burak

Ocak 2013, 153 sayfa

Betonarme perde duvar alanlarının kat alanına oranlarının, mevcut orta katlı betonarme binaların
deprem yükleri altındaki davranışlarına etkisini değerlendirmek için analitik bir çalışma yapılmıştır.
Birbirine dik her iki yönde %0.00 ve %2.50 arasında değişen betonarme perde duvar oranlarına sahip,
beş mevcut okul binası ve bunların güçlendirilmiş hallerinin yapısal performansları incelenmiştir.
Mevcut binaların yapısal özellikleri göz önüne alınarak farklı perde oranları olan yeni binalar
tasarlanmıştır. Böylece kat planları, kat sayıları, yapısal elemanlarının kesit özellikleri ve malzeme
dayanımları farklı olan yirmi dört bina oluşturulmuştur. Bu binaların doğrusal olmayan zaman tanım
alanı analizleri, SAP2000 v14.2.0 yazılımı kullanılarak yedi farklı yer hareketi kaydı altında
yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, perde duvar oranları arttıkça çatı katı ötelenmelerinin ve plastik
deformasyonların azaldığını göstermiştir, fakat bu düşüş oranı, yüksek perde duvar oranları için daha
azdır. Perde duvar oranı %1.00 olan bir bina, bu oranın %0.00 veya %0.50 olduğu binalara kıyasla
oldukça düşük çatı katı ötelenmeleri ve plastik deformasyonlara sahiptir. Perde duvar oranı %1.50’a
arttırıldığında, çatı katı ötelenmeleri ve plastik deformasyonlar minimize edilir. Fakat, kullanılan
perde duvar oranı bu değeri aştığı takdirde, eklenen perde duvarların, binaların deprem yükleri
altındaki performanslarına olan etkisi oldukça azalır.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Perde Duvar Oranı, Deprem Yükü Altındaki Yapı Performansı, Betonarme
Yapılar, Doğrusal Olmayan Zaman Tanım Alanı Analizi

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To my Dear Family

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I am grateful and I would like to thank my supervisor, Asst. Prof. Dr. Burcu Burak
because of continuous supports, endless guidance and limitless encouragement during the
investigation.
Then, I am deeply indebted to my family for support, patience and faith anytime when I need.
Finally, I would also like to thank my friends.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................... v
ÖZ………………. ............................................................................................................................ viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................................. viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... ix
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................. xii
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... xiv
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................ xviii
CHAPTERS
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Objective and Scope ................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Thesis Outline ........................................................................................................................... 2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 3
2.1 General Properties, Description and Classification of Shear Walls.......................................... 3
2.2 Modeling of Shear Walls .......................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Macroscopic Models of Shear Walls ................................................................................. 7
2.2.2 Microscopic Models of Shear Walls ................................................................................ 13
2.3 Shear Wall Ratio of the Structures ......................................................................................... 14
2.4 Correlation between Shear Wall Ratio and Drift .................................................................... 19
3. ANALYTICAL MODELING OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS........................................................... 23
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 23
3.2 Description of Existing School Buildings .............................................................................. 23
3.2.1 Description of Güngören Haznedar Abdi İpekçi Primary School Block B ..................... 23
3.2.2 Description of G.O.P. Ülkü Primary School Block B...................................................... 26
3.2.3 Description of Sarıyer MEV Dumlupınar Primary School .............................................. 28
3.2.4 Description of Fatih Gazi Primary School ....................................................................... 29
3.2.5 Description of Eminönü Çemberlitaş Anatolian High School Block A ........................... 32
3.2.6 Description of Designed Buildings .................................................................................. 35
3.2.7 Summary of Structural Characteristics of the Buildings used in the Analytical Study
………………………………………………………………………………………. 38
3.3 Analytical Modeling ............................................................................................................... 40
3.3.1 Selection of Ground Motion Records .............................................................................. 40
3.3.2 Applied Loads .................................................................................................................. 42
3.3.3 Analytical Modeling of the School Buildings.................................................................. 43
4. ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF THE buıldıng MODELS.............................................................. 49
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 49
4.2 Analytical Results of the Designed Buildings ........................................................................ 49
4.2.1 Modal Periods of the Designed Buildings ....................................................................... 49
4.2.2 Analytical Results of the Designed Building-First Case.................................................. 50
4.2.3 Analytical Results of Designed Building-Second Case ................................................... 77
4.3 Analytical Results of the Existing School Buildings .............................................................. 89
4.3.1 Base Shear Carried by Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls ............................................... 91
4.3.2 Roof Drift ........................................................................................................................ 92
4.3.3 Base Shear versus Roof Drift Relationship...................................................................... 98
4.3.4 Comparison of the Seismic Performance of the Existing Buildings ................................ 99
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................... 105
5.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 105
5.2 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................... 105
5.3 Recommendations for Future Research ................................................................................. 107

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REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 108
APPENDIX A PROCEDURE FOLLOWED IN THE ANALYTICAL MODEL ............................ 113
A.1 Prepared Spreadsheet to obtain the Moment-Curvature Diagram of the Beams ................. 113
Example: .................................................................................................................................... 113
A.2 Example Moment-Curvature Diagram of a Beam ............................................................... 114
A.3 Prepared Spreadsheet to obtain the Moment-Curvature Diagram of the Columns.............. 115
Example: .................................................................................................................................... 115
A.4 Example Moment-Curvature Diagram of a Column ........................................................... 116
A.5 Prepared Spreadsheet to obtain the Interaction Diagram of the Columns ........................... 117
Example: .................................................................................................................................... 117
A.6 Example Interaction Diagram for Interacting P-M2-M3 Hinge of SAP2000 v14.2.0
(2009)…………………. ................................................................................................... 118
A.7 Example Moment-Curvature Diagram of a Shear Wall ...................................................... 119
A.8 Example Interaction Diagram of a Shear Wall .................................................................... 119
A.9 Prepared Spreadsheet to obtain the Moment-Curvature Diagram of the Shear Walls ......... 120
Example: .................................................................................................................................... 120
A.10 Prepared Spreadsheet to obtain the Interaction Diagram of the Shear Walls.................... 121
Example: .................................................................................................................................... 121
A.11 Maximum Base Shear and Maximum Roof Drift Values ................................................. 122
A.12 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for the Designed Building with 1.00%
Shear Wall Ratio for the First Case in the X and Y-Directions ........................................ 125
A.13 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for the Designed Building with 1.50%
Shear Wall Ratio for the First Case in the X and Y-Directions ........................................ 126
A.14 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for the Designed Building with 2.00%
Shear Wall Ratio for the First Case in the X and Y-Directions ........................................ 127
A.15 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for the Designed Building with no Shear
Wall for the Second Case in the X and Y-Directions ....................................................... 128
A.16 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for the Designed Building with 0.50%
Shear Wall Ratio for the Second Case in the X and Y-Directions .................................... 129
A.17 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for the Designed Building with 1.50%
Shear Wall Ratio for the Second Case in the X and Y-Directions .................................... 130
A.18 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for the Designed Building with 2.00%
Shear Wall Ratio for the Second Case in the X and Y-Directions .................................... 131
A.19 Base Shear Percentage Carried by Shear Walls vs. Shear Wall Ratio for Eminönü
Çemberlitaş Anatolian High School Block A in the X and Y-Directions ......................... 132
A.20 Base Shear Percentage Carried by Shear Walls vs. Shear Wall Ratio for Güngören Haznedar
Abdi İpekçi Primary School Block B in the X and Y-Directions ..................................... 133
A.21 Base Shear Percentage Carried by Shear Walls vs. Shear Wall Ratio for Sarıyer MEV
Dumlupınar Primary School in the X and Y-Directions ................................................... 134
A.22 Roof Drift vs. Shear Wall Ratio for Güngören Haznedar Abdi İpekçi Primary School Block
B in the X and Y-Directions ............................................................................................. 135
A.23 Roof Drift vs. Shear Wall Ratio for Sarıyer MEV Dumlupınar Primary School in the X and
Y-Directions ..................................................................................................................... 136
A.24 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for Fatih Gazi Primary School with 0.50-
0.00% Shear Wall Ratio in the X and Y-Directions ......................................................... 137
A.25 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for Fatih Gazi Primary School with 0.50-
0.50% Shear Wall Ratio in the X and Y-Directions ......................................................... 138
A.26 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for Fatih Gazi Primary School with 1.00-
1.00% Shear Wall Ratio in the X and Y-Directions ......................................................... 139
A.27 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for Fatih Gazi Primary School with 1.50-
1.50% Shear Wall Ratio in the X and Y-Directions ......................................................... 140
A.28 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for Eminönü Çemberlitaş Anatolian High
School Block A with no Shear Wall in the X and Y-Directions ....................................... 141
A.29 Maximum Base Shear vs. Maximum Roof Drift for Eminönü Çemberlitaş Anatolian High
School Block A with 0.50-0.50% Shear Wall Ratio in the X and Y-Directions ............... 142

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