influence of government strategies in control of drugs and substance abuse among youths in ...

100 Pages·2015·1.16 MB·English

INFLUENCE OF GOVERNMENT STRATEGIES IN
CONTROL OF DRUGS AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG
YOUTHS IN KIKUYU SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

By
GITONGA ELIAS KITHAURA

A Research Project Report Submitted In Partial Fulfillment For The Requirement
For The Award Of The Degree Of Master Of Arts In Project Planning And
Management Of The University Of Nairobi

2015
DECLARATION
This research project report is my original work and has not been presented for any award
in any other university

Sign................................................. Date: ……………………………
Gitonga Elias Kithaura
Reg.No: L50/66574/2013

The research project report has been submitted for examination with my approval as
university supervisor.

Signed: ……………………. Date: ……………….…………..
Professor Charles Rambo.
Department of Extra-Mural Studies

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DEDICATION
This research project report is dedicated to my wife Mercy Karimi Kithaura and my
daughter Sandra Kendi Kithaura for their unwinding support through the years. Thank
you and God bless you abundantly.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to my project supervisor professor Charles Rambo
for being an ideal supervisor; his sage advice, insight critique and encouragement aided
the writing of this project in many ways and hence the success. I’m grateful to his
remarkable devotion and dedication throughout the project work.
I acknowledge the University of Nairobi for giving me an opportunity to study and
providing me with necessary facilities which enabled timely completion of the
programme. The establishment of satellite campuses offering the programme by the
university in major towns in Kenya greatly aided me in my studies.
I appreciate the support of my colleagues at Nairobi and Bomet Campuses, their
encouragement and support in various ways contributed to the completion of the
programme. Special thanks go to Festus Kaburu Gitonga, Rosebeth Kaburia, Joseph
Kiambi and Kennedy Nyaiyo being friends who in many ways encouraged and assisted
me, throughout the duration of the study.
Finally I wish to sincerely thank Dickson Mwandiki for typing the project report. His
patience and suggestions were of great help in completing the project. God bless all the
people who in various ways contributed to the success of this work.

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TABLE OF CONTENT
Page
DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................ii
DEDICATION ...................................................................................................................... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF CONTENT ....................................................................................................... v
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. viii
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. ix
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................ x
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background of the study ................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................ 7
1.3 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................................................... 8
1.4 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................... 8
1.5 Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 9
1.6 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................ 9
1.7 Assumptions of the Study ............................................................................................... 9
1.8 Limitations of the study ................................................................................................ 10
1.9 Delimitation of the Study .............................................................................................. 10
1.10 Definition of Key Terms used in the study ................................................................ 10
1.11 Organization of the Study ........................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................. 13
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Control of drugs and substance abuse among the youth ............................................. 13
2.3 Economic empowerment and establishment of recreation facilities and control of
drugs and substance abuse............................................................................................ 16
2.4 Information and education strategies and control of drugs and substance abuse. ..... 19
2.5 Legislation and enforcement strategies and control of drugs and substance abuse .. 21
2.6 Treatment and rehabilitation programs and control of drugs and substance abuse... 29
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2.7 Theoretical framework .................................................................................................. 33
2.8 Conceptual framework .................................................................................................. 36
2.9 Gaps in literature reviewed ........................................................................................... 38
2.10 Summary of literature review ..................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................ 40
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 40
3.2 Research Design ............................................................................................................ 40
3.3 Target Population .......................................................................................................... 40
3.4 Sample Size and Sampling Procedure .......................................................................... 40
3.4.1 Sample Size ................................................................................................................ 41
3.4.2 Sampling procedure.................................................................................................... 42
3.5 Research instruments..................................................................................................... 43
3.5.1 Pilot testing of the instruments .................................................................................. 43
3.5.2 Validity of the Instrument .......................................................................................... 44
3.5.3 Reliability of the Instruments .................................................................................... 44
3.6 Data collection procedures ............................................................................................ 44
3.7 Data analysis techniques ............................................................................................... 45
3.8 Ethical considerations ................................................................................................... 45
3.9 Operationalization of variables. .................................................................................... 45
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND
INTEPRETATION .............................................................................................................. 47
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 47
4.2 Questionnaire return rate ............................................................................................... 47
4.3 Influence of Demographic Characteristics pm drugs and substance use .................. 47
4.3.1 Demographic Characteristic of Respondents ........................................................... 47
4,3.2Influence of Youths Demographic Characteristic on DSU ...................................... 50
4.4 Influence of the youths’ background characteristics on drugs and substance use ... 50
4.4. Economic Empowerment and establishment of recreation facilities and Control of
Drugs and Substance Abuse ......................................................................................... 51
4.5 Information and Education and Control of Drugs and Substance Abuse .................. 52
4.6 Legislation and Enforcement of Laws and Control of Drugs and Substance Abuse 54
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4.7 Treatment and Rehabilitation and Control of Drugs and Substances Abuse ............. 56
CHAPTER FIVE:SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................... 58
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 58
5.2 Summary of Findings .................................................................................................... 58
5.2.1 Profile of the Respondents .................................................................................... 58
5.2.2 Economic Empowerment and Establishment of recreation facilities and Control
of Drugs and Substance Abuse .............................................................................. 58
5.2.3 Information and Education and Control of Drugs and Substance Abuse .......... 59
5.2.4 Legislation and Enforcement of Laws and Control of Drugs and Substance
Abuse ....................................................................................................................... 59
5.2.5 Treatment and Rehabilitation and Control of Drugs and Substance Abuse ...... 59
5.3 Discussions .................................................................................................................... 60
5.4Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 65
5.5Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 66
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 70
APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................... 75
Appendix 1: Research Permit ............................................................................................. 75
Appendix 2: Letter of Authorization by the University of Nairobi .................................. 76
Appendix 3: Letter of introduction .................................................................................... 77
Appendix 4: Questionnaire for youth registered under the Ministry of Labour, Social
Security and Services. ...................................................................................... 78
Appendix 5: Interview guide for national administration officers and police officers ... 83
Appendix 6: Budget and time frame ................................................................................. 89

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LIST OF TABLES

Page
Table 3.1: Sampling Grid ...................................................................................................... 41
Table 3.2: Operationalization table ....................................................................................... 46
Table 4.1: Questionnaire Return Rate .................................................................................. 47
Table 4.2: Demographic Characteristics of Youths ............................................................. 48
Table 4.3: Youths involvement in Drugs and Substances ................................................... 50
Table 4.4: Influence of the youths’ background characteristics on drugs and substance use
................................................................................................................................ 50
Table 4.5: Involvement in Government Empowerment Programs ..................................... 51
Table 4. 6: Extent of use of Government recreation facilities in 30 days ......................... 52
Table 4.7: Access to Information and education ................................................................. 53
Table 4. 8: Youths’ Knowledge of Existing Legislations on Drugs and Substance .......... 54
Table 4.9: Youths’ Knowledge of Enforcement of Laws on Drugs and Substance .......... 55
Table 4. 10: Treatment and Rehabilitation ........................................................................... 56
Table 5.1: Contribution to the body of knowledge .............................................................. 68

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LIST OF FIGURES

Page
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework……………………………................................…37

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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
ADCA Alcoholic Drinks Control Act
APC American Psychological Association
CBS Central Bureau of Statistics
CDF Constituency Development Fund
DSA Drugs and Substance Abuse
DSU Drugs and Substance Use
EADIS Eastern Africa Drug Information System
GAP Global Assessment Programme
IEBC Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission
INCBR International Narcotics Control Board Report
KCADCA Kiambu County Alcoholic Drinks Control Act
NACADA National Campaign against Drug Abuse
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
TCA Tobacco Control Act
UNDCP United Nations Drug Control Programme
UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
W.H.O World Health Organization
WDR World Drugs Report
NDPSCA Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Control Act
ONDCP Office of National Drug Control Policy

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