Infectious forest diseases

682 Pages·2013·8.012 MB·English

by  Gonthier, P., Nicolotti, G. (Eds.)

Infectious Forest Diseases
Dedicated to Giovanni Nicolotti
Infectious Forest Diseases
Edited by
Paolo Gonthier
Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences
University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
and
Giovanni Nicolotti†
Formerly of Department of Exploitation and Protection of Agricultural
and Forestry Resources
University of Torino, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
With the assistance of Luana Giordano
CABI is a trading name of CAB International
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London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Infectious forest diseases / edited by Paolo Gonthier and Giovanni Nicolotti.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-78064-040-2 (alk. paper)
1. Trees--Diseases and pests. 2. Forest health. 3. Forest protection. I.
Gonthier, Paolo. II. Nicolotti, Giovanni.
SB761.I54 2013
582.16--dc23
2012044403
ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 040 2
Commissioning editor: Rachel Cutts
Editorial assistant: Alexandra Lainsbury
Production editor: Lauren Povey
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India.
Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY.
Contents
Contributors ix
Foreword xiii
S. Woodward
Preface xv
Contributors’ Acknowledgements xvii
List of Acronyms xix
Introduction to Infectious Forest Diseases xxi
PART I – INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS
1 Concepts of Epidemiology of Forest Diseases 1
J. Oliva, J.B. Boberg, A.J.M. Hopkins and J. Stenlid
2 General Strategies of Forest Disease Management 29
R.L. Edmonds
PART II – NON-FUNGAL INFECTIOUS FOREST DISEASES
3 Forest Diseases Caused by Viruses 50
C. Büttner, S. von Bargen, M. Bandte and H.-P. Mühlbach
4 Forest Diseases Caused by Prokaryotes: Phytoplasmal
and Bacterial Diseases 76
H.M. Griffi ths
5 Forest Diseases Caused by Higher Parasitic Plants: Mistletoes 97
D.C. Shaw and R.L. Mathiasen
6 Pine Wilt Disease and Other Nematode Diseases 115
N. Kamata and Y. Takeuchi
v
vi Contents
PART III – FOREST DISEASES CAUSED BY FUNGI
AND FUNGAL-LIKE ORGANISMS
ROOT AND BUTT ROTS
7 Annosus Root and Butt Rots 128
P. Gonthier and M. Thor
8 Armillaria Root Rots 159
J.-J. Guillaumin and P. Legrand
9 Laminated and Tomentosus Root Rots 178
K.J. Lewis
STEM ROTS
10 Heart Rots, Sap Rots and Canker Rots 197
R. Vasaitis
VASCULAR DISEASES
11 Ceratocystis Diseases 230
T.C. Harrington
12 Dutch Elm Disease and Other Ophiostoma Diseases 256
T. Kirisits
13 Blackstain Root Disease and Other Leptographium Diseases 283
L.G. Eckhardt
CANKER DISEASES
14 Cankers and Other Diseases Caused by the Botryosphaeriaceae 298
J.W.M. Mehl, B. Slippers, J. Roux and M.J. Wingfi eld
15 Chestnut Blight 318
S. Prospero and D. Rigling
16 Other Cankers Caused by Cryphonectria and Sibling Species 340
M. Gryzenhout
17 Cypress Canker 359
R. Danti, G. Della Rocca and A. Panconesi
18 Pitch Canker 376
T.R. Gordon
19 Larch Canker 392
T.L. Cech
20 Hypoxylon Canker 407
M.E. Ostry
BRANCH AND TIP BLIGHTS
21 Branch and Tip Blights 420
P. Capretti, A. Santini and H. Solheim
FOLIAR DISEASES
22 Dothistroma Needle Blight 436
L.S. Bulman, M.A. Dick, R.J. Ganley, R.L. McDougal, A. Schwelm
and R.E. Bradshaw
Contents vii
23 Other Foliar Diseases of Coniferous Trees 458
M. Bednářová, M. Dvořák, J. Janoušek and L. Jankovský
24 Foliar Diseases of Broadleaved Trees 488
T. Kowalski
OOMYCETE DISEASES
25 Oomycete Diseases 519
K.J. Hayden, G.E.St.J. Hardy and M. Garbelotto
RUST DISEASES
26 Tree Rusts 547
R.C. Hamelin
PART IV – NURSERY DISEASES
27 Seed, Seedling and Nursery Diseases 567
A. Lilja and M. Poteri
PART V – INTRODUCED PATHOGENS
28 Responding to Diseases Caused by Exotic Tree Pathogens 592
M. Pautasso
Index 613
Colour plate section can be found following p. 296
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Contributors
Martina Bandte, Division of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, D-14195, Germany. E-mail: martina.bandte@agrar.
hu- berlin.de
Miroslava Bednářová, Department of Forest Pathology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of
Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic. E-mail:
[email protected]
Johanna B. Boberg, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University
of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]
Rosie E. Bradshaw, Bio-Protection Research Centre, Massey University, Institute of
Fundamental Sciences (formerly Institute of Molecular BioSciences), Massey University,
Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected]
Lindsay S. Bulman, Scion, Rotorua, 3010, New Zealand. E-mail: lindsay.bulman@
scionresearch.com
Carmen Büttner, Division of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture,
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, D-14195, Germany. E-mail: carmen.buettner@agrar.
hu-berlin.de
Paolo Capretti, Section of Plant Protection, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
University of Firenze, Florence, 50144, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
Thomas L. Cech, Institute of Forest Protection, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests,
Natural Hazards and Landscape, Vienna, 1131, Austria. E-mail: [email protected]
Roberto Danti, Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino,
Florence, I-50019, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
Gianni Della Rocca, Plant Protection Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Sesto
Fiorentino, Florence, I-50019, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
Margaret A. Dick, Scion, Rotorua, 3010, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected]
Milonˇ Dvorˇák, Department of Forest Pathology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Forestry
and Wood Technology, Mendel University, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic. E-mail: milon.
[email protected]
Lori G. Eckhardt, Forest Health Dynamics Laboratory, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences,
Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Robert L. Edmonds, School of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA. E-mail: [email protected]
ix