Infectious diseases : a clinical approach

729 Pages·2014·4.67 MB·English

by  A. Young, D. Spelman, A. Street et al. (eds.)

Infectious
Diseases
A clinical approach
Third edition
‘Education is simply the soul of a society as it passes from one
generation to another.’
G. K. Chesterton
Infectious
Diseases
A clinical approach
Third edition
Edited by
Allen Yung
Denis Spelman
Alan Street
Joe McCormack
Tania Sorrell
Paul Johnson
IP Communications
Melbourne
IP Communications Pty., Ltd.,
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123 Camberwell Road,
East Hawthorn, Victoria, 3123,
Australia
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Foreword
In the years following the establishment of the Australasian Society for Infectious Dis-
eases in 1975 and the subsequent recognition of the discipline of Infectious Diseases as a
legitimate specialty within the framework of the Royal Australasian College of Physi-
cians (RACP), progress has been commendable. This has inter alia involved the develop-
ment of training guidelines in the specialty leading to Fellowship of the RACP and
recognition of the trainee as a specialist physician in the discipline upon satisfactory
completion of training.
Curricula include clinical, laboratory and research experience plus, in many cases, field
and laboratory work in developing areas of the world including remote areas in Australia,
or in centres of excellence overseas. As a specialty and discipline, Infectious Diseases is
now acknowledged in Australasia as a major and essential part of medicine. Part of the
challenge as well as the fascination of Infectious Diseases is that in no other branch of
medicine have practitioners to deal annually with so many completely new entities, as
well as the continuing mutations in recognised infectious agents.
Aware of the need for an Australasian text on infectious entities encountered uniquely
in Australia and New Zealand, as well as those occurring world-wide, the authors suc-
cessfully completed such a text, and have now revised and updated the second edition,
adding chapters on herpesvirus infections, viral and rickettsial infections of particular
relevance to Australasia, and infectious diseases of South-East Asia.
It is pleasing to welcome contributions to this third edition by five of our New Zealand
colleagues, maintaining the collegiate nature of the Society and the discipline.
All those contributing are to be congratulated on this work, one of few that deals with
the many infectious entities encountered uniquely in this erstwhile isolated and geo-
graphically remote region of Australasia. Attention is again drawn to the very valuable
‘golden rules of infectious diseases’, distillations of years of clinical experience in this
interesting and challenging discipline.
It is my pleasure to commend this work to medical under- and postgraduate students and
specialists, as a practical working guide to the clinical approach to those suspected of
suffering an infectious disease in this country.
C R Boughton AO, Professor Emeritus
University of NSW
August, 2010
v
Contents
Foreword v
Contributors xi
Abreviations xix
Preface xxvii
Part I General aPProach to InfectIous dIseases 1
Chapter 1 Clinical approach to infectious diseases 3
Allen Yung and Joe McCormack
Chapter 2 History and examination in infectious diseases 12
Allen Yung and Philip Jones
Chapter 3 Fever: mechanisms and symptomatic treatment 18
Thomas Gottlieb, Jennifer Hoy and Malcolm McDonald
Chapter 4 Use of the laboratory in diagnosis and management of infectious diseases 27
Rob Baird and David Smith
Chapter 5 Epidemiology and public health 42
Mark Veitch and Geoff Hogg
Chapter 6 Infectious diseases: a global perspective 53
Graham Brown, Stephen Rogerson and Joe McCormack
Part II aPProach to PresentInG Problems and syndromes 59
Chapter 7 Fever of short duration 61
Allen Yung, Kirsty Buising, Peter Stanley and Malcolm McDonald
Chapter 8 Pyrexia of unknown origin 78
Tania Sorrell, Allen Yung and Peter Stanley
vii
viii CONTENTS
Chapter 9 Fever and upper respiratory tract symptoms 94
Grant Jenkin, Paul Johnson and Alan Street
Chapter 10 Fever and lower respiratory tract symptoms 109
Patrick Charles and Paul Johnson
Chapter 11 Diarrhoea and vomiting 124
Joe McCormack, David Murdoch and Bryan Speed
Chapter 12 Fever and acute neurological symptoms 142
Joe Sasadeusz and Allen Yung
Chapter 13 Fever and rash 155
Eugene Athan and Alistair McGregor
Chapter 14 Fever and jaundice 166
David Shaw and Michael Whitby
Chapter 15 Postoperative fever 176
David Looke and Damon Eisen
Chapter 16 Septicaemia 18
Jon Iredell and Tania Sorrell
Chapter 17 Fatigue states following infection 202
Michael Oldmeadow and Andrew Lloyd
Part III orGan InfectIons 213
Chapter 18 Bone and joint infections 215
Denis Spelman and Malcolm McDonald
Chapter 19 Endocarditis, intravascular infections and pericarditis 225
Denis Spelman, Malcolm McDonald and Peter Collignon
Chapter 20 Intra-abdominal infections 239
Ian Jennens and Craig Boutlis
Chapter 21 Neurological infections 246
Mark Thomas and Joe Sasadeusz
Chapter 22 Skin and soft tissue infections 261
Adam Jenney, Andrew Steer and Michael Richards
Chapter 23 Urinary tract infections 277
Sharon Lewin and Tim Blackmore
CONTENTS ix
Part IV sPecIfIc InfectIons 289
Chapter 24 Hepatitis 291
Joseph Torresi
Chapter 25 Herpesvirus infections 305
David Holland and William Rawlinson
Chapter 26 HIV infection and AIDS 319
Olga Vujovic, Jennifer Hoy and Anne Mijch
Chapter 27 Influenza 342
Dominic Dwyer
Chapter 28 Malaria 350
Graham Brown, Ric Price and Nicholas Anstey
Chapter 29 Tetanus 36
Hugh Newton-John and Damon Eisen
Chapter 30 Tuberculosis 374
Alan Street and Craig Aboltins
Chapter 31 Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, including leprosy 390
Paul Johnson and Tony Korman
Chapter 32 Systemic fungal infections 399
Monica Slavin, Sharon Chen and Orla Morrissey
Chapter 33 Genital and sexually transmissible infections 412
Ian Denham and Francis Bowden
Part IV InfectIous dIseases In sPecIfIc PoPulatIons 431
Chapter 34 Infections in the elderly 433
Alex Padiglione, Malcolm McDonald and Allen Yung
Chapter 35 Infections in patients with diabetes 445
Lindsay Grayson
Chapter 36 Infections in the immunocompromised host 454
David Paterson and Tania Sorrell
Chapter 37 Infectious diseases in pregnancy and the newborn 463
Gwendolyn Gilbert, Mary O’Reilly and Suzanne Garland
Chapter 38 Infections in injecting drug users 478
Tony Allworth and Ashley Watson