Infectious disease epidemiology

410 Pages·2016·2.676 MB·English

by  Abubakar, Ibrahim

Table of Contents
Part 1

Preface

1: Introduction to infectious disease epidemiology, Ibrahim Abubakar

2: Surveillance, Katie Russell and Mike Catchpole

3: Outbreak investigations, Clarence Tam/Walter Haas

4: Study design, Punam Mangtani

5: Clinical trials, Patrick Phillips and Andrew Nunn

6: Investigating emerging infectious diseases, Ibrahim Abubakarar, Lele Rangaka, and Marc Lipman

7: Investigating nosocomial transmission, Rob Aldridge and Barry Cookson

8: Clinical epidemiology, Adrian SmithandNoel McCarthy

9: Public health microbiology, Helen Staggand, Nigel Field, and Sani Aliyu

10: Molecular and genomic epidemiology, Helen Stagg, Nigel Field, and Duncan MacCannell

11: Sero-epidemiology and analysis of immunological data, Saranya Sridhar and Ibrahim Abubakar

12: Vaccine evaluation: efficacy and adverse events, Laura Rodrigues

13: Basic statistical methods, Laura White

14: Spatial epidemiology, Tom Yates, Frank Tanser, and Alexandre Blake

15: Contact studies, Ken Eames and Charlotte Jackson

16: Transmission-dynamic models of infectious diseases, Ted Cohen and Peter White

17: Economic analysis of interventions against infectious diseases, Mark Jit and Peter White

Part 2

18: Respiratory infections, John Watson and Mary Cooke

19: Faeco oral infections, Paul Hunter and Emma Meader

20: Vector-borne infections, Gloria Taxiera

21: Health-care-associated infections, David Weber, Emily E. Sickbert-Bennett, and William A. Rutala

22: Hepatitis B and C, Sema Mandal, and Koye Balogun

23: Sexually transmitted infections: epidemiology and control, Pam Sonnenberg, and Anne Johnson

24: Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, Peter Smith

25: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, Andrew Boulle, and Leigh Johnson

26: Parasitic infestations, Mauricio Barreto, and Phil Cooper

27: Congenital Infections, Tanvi Sharma, and Lakshmi Ganapathi
Preface
Infectious Disease Epidemiology (Oxford
Specialist Handbooks)
Edited by Ibrahim Abubakar, Helen R. Stagg, Ted Cohen,
and Laura C. Rodrigues
Publisher: Oxford University Press Print Publication Date: Apr 2016
Print ISBN-13: 9780198719830 Published online: Jun 2016
DOI: 10.1093/med/
9780198719830.001.0001
Preface  
Author(s): David L. Heymann
The discipline of epidemiology has undergone remarkable advances over
the last two decades as a result of progress in computing, statistics,
molecular biology, genomics, and immunology. These changes have
allowed previously unimagined approaches that range from simple
molecular-level outbreak investigations to the more complex analysis of
routinely collected data needed for selection of vaccine viral strains, or
for predicting resistance to antimicrobial agents. Such advances are
powerful, often automated, and a great addition to 21st-century
epidemiology. But their use, often through clear and proven protocols,
could result in neglect in first developing a solid foundation in the basic
epidemiological and data analysis principles that underpin them.
While many courses allow students and practitioners to gain a full
understanding of epidemiology and biostatistics during their time of
study, a quick reference text that comprehensively covers this discipline
for use was lacking. The Oxford Specialist Handbook of Infectious Disease
Epidemiology fills this gap.
Section 1 of the handbook covers a comprehensive list of methods
relevant to the study of infectious disease epidemiology, from a general
Page 1 of 2
Preface
introduction to topics such as mathematical modelling and sero-
epidemiology.
Section 2 addresses major infectious diseases that are of global
significance, either due to their current burden or their potential for
causing morbidity and mortality. This concise handbook for the pocket/
electronic pocket of practising infectious disease epidemiologists is a
welcome addition to the medical literature.
David L. Heymann, MD
Professor, Infectious Disease Epidemiology
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Page 2 of 2
Acknowledgements
Infectious Disease Epidemiology (Oxford
Specialist Handbooks)
Edited by Ibrahim Abubakar, Helen R. Stagg, Ted Cohen,
and Laura C. Rodrigues
Publisher: Oxford University Press Print Publication Date: Apr 2016
Print ISBN-13: 9780198719830 Published online: Jun 2016
DOI: 10.1093/med/
9780198719830.001.0001
Acknowledgements  
Author(s):
Ibrahim Abubakar, Helen R. Stagg, Ted Cohen, and Laura C. Rodrigues
Our sincere gratitude goes to several individuals who helped to make this
book a reality. We gratefully acknowledge the colleagues who contributed
chapters and put up with our repeated requests for changes over the last
year. The following helped bring the book to life through their invaluable
thoughts and contributions: Adrian A. Root, Joanna Lewis, Vanessa Hack,
and Joanne R. Winter. Technical editing prior to submission was
performed by Jemma Lough, Independent Medical Editor.
To David Pencheon, many thanks for the helpful insight and for sharing
your experience of what to do and, more importantly, what not to do when
editing a handbook.
We would also like to acknowledge the support of colleagues, family, and
friends. IA would like to thank Sani, Amita, and Ginnie; HRS would like to
thank all the individuals who have made her the scientist and person she
is today (sapere aude—Horace), as well as acknowledge the invaluable
editing support provided by some wonderful symphonic power metal
bands; TC would like to thank Alexandra, Jack, and Poppy; and LCR would
Page 1 of 2
Acknowledgements
like to thank Chris Yara and George, and friends and colleagues at the
LSHTM.
Although the book is written with a primary focus on tackling infections
in wealthy and middle-income countries, it is the hope of the authors that
it would prove to be a useful reference for emerging economies and low-
income/high disease-burden countries. Responsibility for the final version
and any errors rests with us.
Finally, this book is dedicated to you, the reader, in the hope that you will
find it useful in your quest to understand and apply the many aspects of
infectious disease epidemiology that underpin the prevention, control,
and elimination of disease.
IA
HRS
TC
LCR
2016
Page 2 of 2
Contributors
Infectious Disease Epidemiology (Oxford
Specialist Handbooks)
Edited by Ibrahim Abubakar, Helen R. Stagg, Ted Cohen,
and Laura C. Rodrigues
Publisher: Oxford University Press Print Publication Date: Apr 2016
Print ISBN-13: 9780198719830 Published online: Jun 2016
DOI: 10.1093/med/
9780198719830.001.0001
Contributors  
Ibrahim Abubakar (editor)
Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Director,
Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology,
University College London;
MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London,
London, UK
(Chapters 1, 6, and 11)
Robert Aldridge
Academic Clinical Lecturer
Institute of Health Informatics,
The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research,
University College London,
London, UK
(Chapter 7)
Sani H. Aliyu
Consultant in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust,
Cambridge, UK
(Chapter 9)
Koye Balogun
Senior Scientist
Department of Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety,
Page 1 of 7
Contributors
Public Health England, Colindale,
London, UK
(Chapter 22)
Mauricio L. Barreto
Professor
Instituto de Saude Coletiva,
Federal University of Bahia, Salvador,
Brazil and Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
(Chapter 26)
Alexandre Blake
Medical Epidemiologist
Epicentre,
Paris, France
(Chapter 14)
Andrew Boulle
Associate Professor School of Public Health and Family Medicine,
Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research,
University of Cape Town,
Cape Town, South Africa
(Chapter 25)
Mike Catchpole
Chief Scientific Officer
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,
Stockholm, Sweden
(Chapter 2)
Ted Cohen (editor)
Associate Professor in Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases
Yale School of Public Health,
New Haven, USA
(Chapter 16)
Mary Cooke
Research Associate
Department of Infection and Population Health,
Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology,
University College London,
London, UK
(Chapter 18)
Barry Cookson
Professor
Centre for Clinical Microbiology,
University College London,
London, UK
(Chapter 7)
Phil J. Cooper
Professor
St George’s University of London,
London, UK
(Chapter 26)
Ken Eames
Page 2 of 7
Contributors
Lecturer Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious
Diseases,
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
(Chapter 15)
Nigel M. Field
Academic Clinical Lecturer
Research Department of Infection and Population Health,
University College London,
London, UK
(Chapters 9 and 10)
Lakshmi Ganapathi
Clinical Fellow
Division of Infectious Diseases,
Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, USA
(Chapter 27)
Walter Haas
Head of Respiratory Diseases
Robert Koch Institute,
Berlin, Germany
(Chapter 3)
Paul Hunter
Professor of Health Protection
Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia,
Norwich, UK
(Chapter 19)
Charlotte Jackson
Research Associate
Research Department of Infection and Population Health,
Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology,
University College London,
London, UK
(Chapter 15)
Mark Jit
Senior Lecturer in Vaccine Epidemiology
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK;
Senior Scientist
Modelling and Economics Unit,
Public Health England,
London, UK
(Chapter 17)
Anne Johnson
Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Research Department of Infection and Population Health,
University College London,
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Contributors
London, UK
(Chapter 23)
Leigh Johnson
Epidemiologist
Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research,
University of Cape Town,
Cape Town, South Africa
(Chapter 25)
Marc Lipman
Clinical Senior Lecturer and Consultant Physician in Respiratory and
HIV Medicine,
Division of Medicine,
University College London,
London, UK
(Chapter 6)
Duncan MacCannell
Senior Advisor for Bioinformatics
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
Atlanta, USA
(Chapter 10)
Sema Mandal
Consultant Epidemiologist
Department of Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety,
Public Health England,
Colindale, London, UK
(Chapter 22)
Punam Mangtani
Senior Lecturer
Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health,
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, UK
(Chapter 4)
Noel McCarthy
Professor and Honorary
Consultant Epidemiologist
Division of Health Sciences,
Warwick Medical School,
University of Warwick, UK;
Field Epidemiology Service,
Public Health England, UK
(Chapter 8)
Emma Meader
Clinical Scientist
Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust,
Norwich, UK
(Chapter 19)
Andrew J. Nunn
Professor of Epidemiology
MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London,
Page 4 of 7