Table Of Content

CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 Volume 7 March INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS, pages 1-170 June LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, pages 171-466 September PARASITIC DISEASES, pages 467-738 December SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES IN THE AIDS ERA: PART I, pages 739-914 Note: Page numbers of issue and article titles are in boldface type Abortion, spontaneous, brucellosis and, 135 Airways, distal, in ventilator-associated Abscess(es), liver, amebic, diagnosis, 472- pneumonia, 306-308 473 proximal, in ventilator-associated pneu- treatment, case study, 477-479 monia, 303-306 myocardial, infective endocarditis and, Albendazole, in alveolar echinococcosis, 888 612 transesophageal echocardiography in, in ascariasis, 675-676 158-159 in clonorchiasis, 707 paravalvular, infective endocarditis and, in cystic echinococcosis, 609 886-888 in giardiasis, 517 Accuprobes, in mycobacterial diseases, 368 in neurocysticercosis, 694 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in opisthorchiasis, 704 (AIDS), mycobacterial infection in, 359 in strongyloidiasis, 671-673 parasitic infection in, 569-586. See also Amebiasis, 467-485 specific infection and Parasitic infec- approach to patient with, 470-473 tion(s), in AIDS. case studies, 475-481 prevalence, 203 clinical manifestations, 469-470 prevention, behavioral, 867-869 clinical syndromes associated with, 469— toxoplasmic encephalitis in, 587-604. See also Encephalitis, toxoplasmic; Toxo- 470 plasmosis. differential diagnosis, 470-473 Entamoeba histolytica and, 467 Adherence, in infective endocarditis, 21-36 epidemiology, 467-468 Adult respiratory distress syndrome pathophysiology, 468-469 (ARDS), ventilator-associated pneumonia in, 296 prevention, 475 Agar dilution tests, for bacteria that grow treatment, 473-475 aerobically, 397 Amikacin, in aminoglycoside-resistant Agar screen, in detection of methicillin- enterococcal endocarditis, 120 resistant staphylococci, 428 Amiinoglycosides, ceftriaxone and, in Age, as factor in infective endocarditis, 10 infective endocarditis, 105 AIDS. See Acquired immunodeficiency in native valve endocarditis, 92-93 syndrome. in prosthetic valve endocarditis, 87-88 AIDS-wasting syndrome, described, 577— in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, 70— 580 75 899 900 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 8-Aminoquinolone, in malaria, 564 mechanisms of resistance to, in anaerobic Ampicillin, in aminoglycoside-resistant infections, 270-273 enterococcal endocarditis, 119 susceptibility testing for, 393-395 Anaerobe(s), culture and identification of, future directions in, 406-407 reasons for, 262-264 interpretation of results, 403-404 Anaerobe culture, indications, 257 methods, 395-401 Anaerobic bacteriology, approaches to, selection of, 404-406 264-265 quality control procedures in, 401-403 current issues in, 260-262 in ventilator-associated pneumonia, Anaerobic infections, as clues to other 349-351 problems in patients, 259-260 in ventilator-associated pneumonia, 323- current perspectives on, 257-275 324 diagnosis, 257-258, 260-268 Antimonial(s), pentavalent, in delayed culture reports, 261 leishmaniasis, 532 financial constraints, 261 Antiviral susceptibility tests, in viral improperly collected and handled disease diagnosis, 191-193 specimens, 261 ARDS. See Adult respiratory distress primary inoculation in, 265-268 syndrome. taxonomy in, 262 Artemisinin(s), in malaria, 564 examples, 258 Ascariasis, 674-676 nature of, underlying clinical conditions causes, 674-675 as clues to, 260 treatment, 675-676 susceptibility testing for, 268-273 Ascaris lumbricoides, ascariasis due to, 674- breakpoints in, 270 676 clustering of MICs about, 269 Atovaquone (BW566C80), in toxoplasmic clinical correlation, 273 encephalitis in AIDS, 593 endpoint determination in, 270 Azithromycin, in toxoplasmic encephalitis mechanisms of resistance to antimicro- in AIDS, 593 bial agents, 270-273 media in, 269 methods, 268-269 values chosen for reporting, 270 Bacilli. See also B-Lactamases. Anaerobiosis, by simple methods, 266 nonfastidious gram-negative, detection Aneurysm, mycotic, infective endocarditis of, future directions in, 420-422 and, 110 B-lactam resisantance among, predic- Anopheles mosquito, malaria due to, 547- tor panel in, 418-420 549 B-lactam resistance among, detection Antibiotic(s), in aminoglycoside-resistant of, 411-424 enterococcal endocarditis, 119-120 BacT/ Alert, 229-230 in brucellar endocarditis, 138-141 BACTEC 660/730/860 nonradiometric in infective endocarditis, pharmacoki- systems, 229 netic aspects of diffusion into fibrin BACTEC 460 radiometric system, 229 vegetations, 38—46 BACTEC radiometric system, detection in native valve endocarditis, 92-93 from blood, 229 in prosthetic valve endocarditis, 87-88 in mycobacterial diseases, 359, 367 in Q fever endocarditis, 145-148 Bacteremia(s), defined, 222 in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, 60- nosocomial, infective endocarditis in, 16- 65 17 Antibiotic removal device (ARD), in blood Staphylococcus aureus, distribution of, 54 culture analysis, 225 infective endocarditis due to, 53-68 Antibodies, HIV, screening for, 204-207 transient, defined, 222 supplementary tests for, 208-210 Bacteria, cell wall deficient forms of, Antifungal susceptibility testing, 435-444. detection from blood, 228 See also Susceptibility testing, antifungal. nutritionally fastidious, testing of, 398 Antigen(s), detection of, in giardiasis, 514 probe kits for, 175 HIV-1 p24, detection of, 210-211 in ventilator-associated pneumonia, 300- in Legionella infections, 384-385 301, 341-346 Antimicrobial agents, anaerobe Bacterial-platelet interactions, in infective susceptibility to, 271-272 endocarditis, 31 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 901 Bactericidal testing, 445-459 atmosphere and duration of incubation, antibiotic carryover during, 451 226 biological considerations in, 446-450 basic concepts, 221-222 clinical relevance of, 452 blood-to-broth ratio and neutralization determination and calculation of end- methods, 225-226 points in, 451 culture medium, 225 emergence of resistance in, 449 defined, 221 growth phase in, 450 determination of contamination versus history of, 445-446 true bacteremia and fungemia, 230- incubation conditions during, 451 231 inoculum effect of, 447-448 indications, 222 inoculum size in, 450 limitations, 226 insufficient contact during, 450-451 microorganisms requiring special media, killing rate in, 446 226-229 media in, 450 number of, 223-224 minimal bactericidal concentration in, obtaining of, 222-223 timing of, 223 446 paradoxical effect of, 447 venipuncture site, 222-223 persisters in, 447 in ventilator-associated pneumonia, 301- 303 pharmacodynamic parameters in, 446- 448 volume of, 224 postantibiotic effect in, 446-447 Blood culture systems, 229-230 procedures, 452-453 Blood specimens, in viral disease diagnosis, rationale for, 445-446 185-186 Bone marrow transplantation, toxoplasma serum, 452-453 infection in, 600 species-specific bactericidal activity in, Brain, biopsy of, in toxoplasmic 449-450 encephalitis in AIDS, 590 technical considerations in, 450-452 Bronchial washing, in ventilator-associated time-kill kinetic assay in, 453 pneumonia, 309 tolerance in, 448 Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), Bacteriology, anaerobic, approaches to, nonbronchoscopic, in ventilator- 264-265 associated pneumonia, 307-308 current issues in, 260-262 in pneumonia, 295 BAL. See Bronchoalveolar lavage. protected, in ventilator-associated pneu- Balantidium coli, described, 481-482 monia, 317-318 Barrier contraceptives, in prevention of in ventilator-associated pneumonia, 314— sexually transmitted diseases, 841 317 with spermicides, antimicrobial efficacy in viral disease diagnosis, 185-186 of, 852-853 Bronchoscopy, fiberoptic, in ventilator- use and efficacy of, 843-845 associated pneumonia, 308-309 Behavior, in prevention of AIDS, 867-869 in ventilated patients, risk of, 318-319 in prevention of sexually transmitted dis- Broth dilution, in detection of methicillin- eases, 861-873. See also Sexually resistant staphylococci, 427-428 transmitted disease(s), prevention, be- Broth dilution tests, for bacteria that grow havioral methods in. aerobically, 395-397 Benzimidazole(s), in alveolar echinococcis, Brucella, detection from blood, 227 612 endocarditis due to, 135-141. See also in cystic echinococcosis, 609 Endocarditis, brucellar. Beta-lactams, in aminoglycoside-resistant pathologic characteristics, 136-137 enterococcal endocarditis, 119, 124- Brucellosis, geographic distribution, 136 125 spontaneous abortion due to, 135 resistance traits in, 123 BW566C80, in toxoplasmic encephalitis in in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, 60- AIDS, 593 62 vancomycin and, in aminoglycoside-resistant enterococcal endocarditis, 127-128 C5a peptidase, in group A streptococci, 240 Blood culture, 221-234 Cancer, schistosomiasis and, 650 902 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 Cardiac lesions, and infective endocarditis, in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, 76— 10-11 77 Cardiac tamponade, echocardiography in, Clindamycin, in malaria, 561 162 in toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS, Cardiac valve, destruction of, infective 591-593 endocarditis and, 885-886 Clonorchiasis, 706-708 Cardiac valve vegetations, causes, 706 echocardiographic detection of, 877- clinical manifestations, 706 898 clinical questions related to, 707-708 Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, and diagnosis, 706 infective endocarditis, 15 epidemiology, 707 Cardiovascular disease, sexually treatment, 707 transmitted diseases and, 866-867 Clonorchis sinensis, described, 706 Ceftriaxone, aminoglycosides and, in life cycle of, 706 infective endocarditis, streptococcal, Clostridium difficile diarrhea. See Diarrhea, 105 Clostridium difficile. in infective endocarditis, 98-107 Clostridium difficile protein, latex test for, due to unusual microorganisms, 105- 282-283 107 CMV. See Cytomegalovirus. staphylococcal, 106-107 Colitis, amebic, acute, case study, 475-476 streptococcal, 99-105 diagnosis, 470-472 in humans, 101-105 Combination therapy, in aminoglycoside- resistant enterococcal endocarditis, in vitro activity, 99 Cell cultures, in viral disease diagnosis, 126-128 186-187 Computed tomography (CT), in neurocysticercosis, 690-692 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), examination of, in neurocysticercosis, 693 in schistosomiasis, 641, 642 in toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS, 590 Chagas disease, 487-502 Condoms, in prevention of sexually acute, pathology of, 487-488 transmitted diseases, 841 chronic, pathology of, 487-488 use and efficacy of, 844-846 clinical features, 487-488 Congenital malaria, 563 diagnosis, 488-492 Contraception, in prevention of sexually epidemiology, 493-494 transmitted diseases, 841 immunosuppression in, 496-497 Coronary embolism, infective endocarditis serologic testing in, 494-495 and, 888 transplantation in, 496-497 Corticosteroid(s), in neurocysticercosis, 694 treatment, 492-493 Counterimmunoelectrophoresis, in Trypanosoma cruzi in, 487-502 detection of Clostridium difficile Chemoprophylaxis, in filarial infeciions, diarrhea, 283 628 Coxiella burnetti, endocarditis due to, 141- Chemotherapy, in cystic echinococcosis, 148. See also Endocarditis, Coxiella 609-610 burnetti. in malaria, 551-552 Cryptosporidiosis, in AIDS, 569-574 Children, malaria in, 563 clinical disease, 571-572 Chlamydia psittaci, endocarditis due to, 148 diagnosis, 572 Chlamydia trachomatis infection, treatment, 572-574 epidemiology, 742-743 biology, 570 serologic testing for, 814-815 diarrhea due to, 569-570 Chloroquine, in malaria, 551-552, 560-562 epidemiology, 570-571 Chromatography, direct, in detection of Culturette CDT test, in detection of Clostridium difficile diarrhea, 283 Clostridium difficile diarrhea, 282-283 gas liquid, in mycobacterial diseases, Cutaneous larva migrans, 729-730 368-369 Cysticercosis, 687-695 high-performance liquid, in mycobacte- clinical manifestations, 689 rial diseases, 368-369 dermatologic, diagnosis, 690-693 Ciprofloxacin, in aminoglycoside-resistant of the heart, 697 enterococcal endocarditis, 126 muscular, 695-697, neurocysticercosis combination therapy, 126 and, 688 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 903 ophthalmologic, 695 Distal airways, in ventilator-associated pathogenesis, 689-690 pneumonia, 306-308 pathology of, 688-689 DNA hybridization, technique, clinical prevention, 697 utility of, 178 subcutaneous, 696 in infectious disease diagnosis, 171-181 treatment, 693-695 new technology, 178 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigenemia, 188- nucleic acid amplification assays, 177-178 190 probe kits for, 174-176 Cytotoxin assay, in detection of Clostridium in situ hybridization, 176 difficile diarrhea, 279-281 DNA probe tests, in ventilator-associated pneumonia, 346 Dot-blot method, in detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci, 429 Dapsone, in toxoplasmic encephalitis in Doxycycline, in malaria, 552, 555 AIDS, 593 in Q fever endocarditis, 147 Delivery, transmission of HSV infection Drug users, infective endocarditis in, 16 during, 833-835 Dermatitis, cercarial, 650 Diarrhea, Clostridium difficile, causes, 277 diagnosis, 277, 277-293 Eb, described, 577-580 laboratory detection of, 279-286 Echinococcal disease, 605-617 counterimmunoelectrophoresis in, Echinococcus granulosus and, 605-610 283 Echinococcus multilocularis and, 610-612 culture in, 281-282 Echinococcus oligarthrus and, 613 current approach to, 285-286 Echinococcus vogeli and, 612-613 cytotoxin assay in, 279-281 Echinococcosis, alveolar, clinical direct chromatography in, 283 characteristics, 611 enhanced organism detection in, 287 diagnosis, 611-612 future direction for, 285-286 epidemiology, 610-612 Gram stain in, 279 treatment, 612 immunoassays for, 283, 284 cystic, clinical characteristics, 606 laboratory support for infection con- diagnosis, 607-608 trol, 286-288 treatment, 608-610 latex test for, 282-283 Echinococcus granulosus, clinical specimen collection and transport in, characteristics, 606 279 disease associated with, 605-610 susceptibility testing in, 288 populations at risk for, 278-279 diagnosis, 607-608 typing of Clostridium difficile in, 287- epidemiology, 605-606 288 treatment, 608-610 cryptosporidiosis and, 569-570 Echinococcus multilocularis, disease in HIV infection, case study, 479-481 associated with, 610-612 traveler's, case study, 475-476 clinical characteristics, 611 Dientamoeba fragilis, described, 481-482 diagnosis, 611-612 Diethylcarbamazine (DEC), in filarial epidemiology, 610-612 infections, 626-627 treatment, 612 Diiodohydroxyquin, in amebiasis, 473-474 Echinococcus oligarthrus, disease associated Diloxanide furonate, in amebiasis, 473 with, 613 Direct agglutination test (DAT), in Echinococcus vogeli, disease associated with, leishmaniasis, 531 612-613 Direct chromatography, in detection of Echocardiography, in cardiac tamponade, 162 Clostridium difficile diarrhea, 283 in congenital heart disease, 161 Dirofilariasis, pulmonary, 730-731 contrast, 155 subcutaneous, 731-732 ‘Doppler, in infective endocarditis, 154 zoonotic, 730-732 in heart failure, 159-160 Disk diffusion, in detection of methicillin- in infective endocarditis, 4-5, 109-110, resistant staphylococci, 427 153-165, 877-898. See also Endocar- Disk diffusion tests, for bacteria that grow ditis, infective, echocardiographic detec- aerobically, 397-398 tion of. 904 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 Echocardiography (Continued) cardiac complications due to, diagno- clinical utility of, 161 sis, 885-888 complications, extracardiac, 163 cardiac injury in, 23-25 limitations of, 162-163 causes, unusual, 105-107 technical considerations, 154 ceftriaxone in, 98-107. See also Cef- in mitral valve perforation, 159 triaxone, in infective endocarditis. in pericardial effusion, 161-162 complications, cardiac surgery for, in prosthetic valve endocarditis, 160-161 155-156 in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, 57- extracardiac, 163 60 management, 153-165 transesophageal, 155 congenital heart disease and, 161 in myocardial abscess, 158-159 congestive heart failure in, 107-108 two-dimensional, in valvular vegetations coronary embolism due to, 888 and embolic events, 156-158 culture-negative, incidence, 2 types, 154-155 defined, 22 ELISA. See Enzyme-based immunoassay diagnosis, 1-8, 877-884 (ELISA) antibody tests. criteria for, 4 in leishmaniasis, 531 echocardiography in, 4-5 in neurocysticercosis, 692-693 Steckelberg criteria for, 3-6 Emboli, infective endocarditis and, 108-109 von Reyn criteria for, 2-6 Embolism, coronary, infective endocarditis echocardiographic detection of, 109- and, 888 110, 153-165, 877-898 Encephalitis, toxoplasmic, in AIDS, 587- clinical utility of, 161 595 Doppler, 154 diagnosis, 588-591 limitations of, 162-163 differential diagnosis, 587-588 prognostic implications, 889-893 prevention, 593-594 sensitivity of, 877-880 screening for, 594-595 specificity of, 881-884 treatment, 591-593 technical considerations, 154 visceral larva migrans with, case reports, emboli in, 108-109 722-723 experimental, animal models of, 71 Encephalitozoon cuniculi, 576-577 antibiotics in, 38-46 Endocarditis, brucellar, 135-141 once-daily dosing requirements, 44 diagnosis, 137-138 pharmacodynamic factors, treat- pathologic characteristics, 136-137 ment, 41-46 treatment, 138-141 pharmacokinetic aspects, treatment, Chlamydia psittaci, 148 38-41 coagulase-negative staphylococci and, incidence, 10, 97 81-96 intercellular communication in, adher- microbiology of, 82-83 ence events in, 25 Coxiella burnetti, 141-148 issue on, 1-165 diagnosis, 144-145 jet lesions due to, 886 pathologic characteristics, 142-143 mycotic aneurysms in, 110 treatment, 145-148 myocardial abscesses due to, 888 enterococcal, aminoglycoside-resistant, paravalvular abscesses and, 886-888 117-133 pathogenesis, 10 treatment, beta-lactam resistance in, adherence events in, 21-36 123 pathogens of, adherence properties of, combination therapy, 126-128 25-27 gentamicin resistance in, 121-123 pericarditis due to, 888 glycopeptide resistance in, 124 platelet adherence to cardiac tissues in, historical background, 118 27-30 monotherapy, 124-126 risk factors for, 9-19 quinolone resistance in, 124 acquired valvular disease, 12 resistance traits in, 121-124 advancing age, 10 traditional approaches to, 118-120 cardiac lesions, 10-11 infective, bacterial-platelet interactions congenital heart disease, 12-13 in, 31 drug abuse, 16 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 905 idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic in viral disease diagnosis, 190-191 stenosis, 15 Eosinophilia, filarial infections and, 628- male gender, 10 629 Marfan’s syndrome, 15 unexplained, intestinal nematodes and, mitral valve prolapse, 13-15 678-679 noncardiac disease, 16 Erythromycin, in amebiasis, 473-474 nosocomial bacteremias, 16-17 ESP Blood Culture System, 230 prior endocarditis, 15 Eye, infection of, with microsporidiosis in procedure-associated, 16-17 AIDS, 580-581 prosthetic cardiac valves, 11-12 staphylococcal, ceftriaxone in, 106-107 treatment, 97-115 cost, 112 economic considerations in, 112 Fascioliasis, 708-711 clinical questions related to, 711 outpatient, complications, 107-111 issues related to, 107-111 ectopic, 709 pharyngeal, 709-710 patient selection for, 111-112 Fascioliasis gigantica, 710-711 short-course combination, indica- Fascioliasis hepatica, 708-710 tions, 72-75 Fever, in ventilated patients, 298 valve destruction due to, 885-886 native valve, 89-93 Filarial infection(s), 619-635 asymptomatic, treatment, 629 causes, 90-91 asymptomatic eosinophilia and, 628-629 clinical presentation, 91 clinical manifestations, 619-625 complications, 91-92 diagnosis, 625-626 incidence, 89-90 geographic distribution, 622-623 laboratory abnormalities in, 91 lymphatic, treatment, 630-631 treatment, 92-93 prior, and infective endocarditis, 15 “nonpathogenic”, treatment, 633 prosthetic valve, 84-89 prevention, in travelers, 633 clinical features, 85-86 treatment, 626-627 Filarial parasites, described, 619, 624 diagnosis, 85-86 Fluorescent antibody (FA) stains, in early onset, 84 ventilator-associated pneumonia, 342- echocardiography in, 160-161 346 incidence, 84 late onset, 84 Fluoroquinolones, in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, 76 treatment, 86-89 Fungal infections, susceptibility testing for, Staphylococcus aureus, 53-68 435-444. See also Susceptibility testing, catheter-associated, treatment, 64-65 antifungal. diagnosis, echocardiography in, 57-58 distinguishing features, 56-57 Fungemia, in immunocompromised patients, 228-229 features, 69 Fungi, detection from blood, 228-229 prevalence, 55 mold, antifungal susceptibility testing of, treatment, 69-80 441 antibiotics, 60-65 probe kits for, 176 echocardiography in, 58-60 Furazolidone, in giardiasis, 516 oral, 76-77 short-course combination, 70-75 zoonotic, 135-152. See also specific types. described, 135 prevention, 148 Gas liquid chromatography (GLC), in Entamoeba histolytica, amebiasis due to, 467 mycobacterial diseases, 368-369 clinical syndromes due to, 469 Gender, as factor in infective endocarditis, Entamoeba polecki, described, 481-482 10 Enterobiasis, 677-678 Gene(s), antimicrobial resistant, probe kits Enterococcal infections, 247-250 for, 175-176 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Gene amplification, HIV, 212-214 (ELISA) antibody tests, in HIV Gentamicin, in aminoglycoside-resistant infection, 204—206 enterococcal endocarditis, 120 in mycobacterial diseases, 370 high-level resistance to, 121-123 906 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 Gentamicin (Continued) Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection(s), in brucellar endocarditis, 139 asymptomatic shedding in, 829-831 in native valve endocarditis, 92-93 atypical lesions in, 829 Giardia lamblia. See also Giardiasis. genital, epidemiology, 825-838 giardiasis due to, 503 history of, 825-826 structure of, 503-504 laboratory diagnosis, 825-826 Giardiasis, 503-525 transmission of, 831-833 asymptomatic infection in, treatment, 518 type-specific serologic assays in, 826 clinical manifestations, 510-511 neonatal, transmission of, 833-835 diagnosis, 511-515 as risk factor for HIV infection, 835 antigen detection, 514 serologic testing for, 798-803 duodenal sampling, 514-515 transmission of, during vaginal delivery, investigational techniques, 515 833-835 microscopic examination, 512-513 type 2, asymptomatic, clinical findings serodiagnosis, 515 in, 829 epidemiology, 504-508 frequency of, 828 immune response in, 509-510 HIV infection and, 827-828 pathogenesis, 508-510 racial influence on, 828-829 predisposing conditions, 510 seroepidemiologic studies of, 826-829 in pregnancy, treatment, 517 sexual orientation and, 827-828 prevention, 518-519 unrecognized, frequency of, 828 shape of, 504 High-performance liquid chromatography, stages of, 504 in mycobacterial diseases, 368-369 treatment, 515-518 HIV-1 Accusearch detection system, 214 failure of, 517-518 HIV infection. See Human immunodeficiency unconfirmed, treatment, 518 virus (HIV) infection. Glycopeptide, in aminoglycoside-resistant Hookworm infection, 676-677 enterococcal endocarditis, 125-126 HSV-2 infection. See Herpes simplex virus resistance traits in, 124 (HSV) infection(s), type 2. Gonococcal infection(s), HIV infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), effects on, 762-763 serologic testing for, 794-798 and human population growth, 783-784 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Gonorrhea, epidemiology, 740-741 infection, antibodies associated with, Gram stain, in detection of Clostridium screening for, 204-207 difficile diarrhea, 279 supplementary tests for, 208-210 described, 203-204 diarrhea in, causes, case study, 479-481 effects on gonococcal infection, 762-763 effects on syphilis, 759-760 Halfan, in malaria, 561, 564 ELISA in, 204-206 Halofantrine (Halfan), in malaria, 561, 564 gene amplification, 212-214 Halzoun, 709-710 Heart, cysticercosis of, 697 and HSV-2 seroprevalence, 827-828 HSV as risk factor for, 836 injury to, in infective endocarditis, 23-25 transplantation of, toxoplasma infection isolation of, in cell culture, 211-212 in, 599-600 laboratory diagnosis, 203-219 Heart disease, congenital, infective natural history of, sexually transmitted endocarditis and, 12-13 diseases and, 757-758 echocardiography in, 161 polymerase chain reaction in, 213 Heart failure, congestive, infective prevalence, 203 endocarditis and, 107-108 rapid antibody tests in, 207 echocardiography in, 159-160 schistosomiasis and, 640 Hepatitis A virus, serologic testing for, sexually transmitted diseases and, 753- 803-804 770 Hepatitis B virus, schistosomiasis and, biologic mechanisms, 757-758 interactions between, 649-650 epidemiology, methodologic consider- serologic testing for, 804-807 ations in, 754-755 Hepatitis C virus, serologic testing for, symptoms, 206 807-811 transmission of, heterosexual, 841 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 907 sexually transmitted diseases in, 757- Ivermectin, in filarial infections, 626-627 758 in strongyloidiasis, 671-673 Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection, Western blot, 208- 210 Human immunodeficiency virus type-2 Jet lesion(s), infective endocarditis and, 886 (HIV-2) infection, and combination HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody tests, 207 Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection p24 antigen, Kidney transplantation, respiratory failure detection of, 210-211 and sepsis following, 659-660 Hybridization, defined, 173-174 toxoplasma infection in, 600 Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, Laboratory diagnosis, of infectious and infective endocarditis, 15 diseases, issue on, 171-459. See also Immune response, in giardiasis, 509-510 specific disease. Immunization, against leishmaniasis, 539 B-Lactam drug—f-lactamase inhibitor Immunoassays, for Clostridium difficile combinations, among nonfastidious diarrhea, 283, 284 gram-negative bacilli, 414-415 enzyme, in viral disease diagnosis, 190- B-Lactam resistance, among nonfastidious 191 gram-negative bacilli, 411-424. See in ventilator-associated pneumonia, 346 also Bacilli, nonfastidious gram-negative. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA), indirect, B-Lactamases, extended spectrum, among in HIV infection, 210 nonfastidious gram-negative bacilli, in leishmaniasis, 531 414 Immunosuppression, in Chagas disease, inducible, among nonfastidious gram- 496-497 negative bacilli, 412-413 Infection, anaerobic, 257-275. See also Larva currens, 665 Anaerobic infections. Latex agglutination test, in detection of eye, with microsporidiosis in AIDS, 580- Clostridium difficile diarrhea, 282-283 581 Legionella, 377-392 filarial, 619-635. See also Filarial infec- classification, 377-382 tion(s). detection from blood, 227 microsporidian, in AIDS, 577-580 identification of, 377-382 in non-AIDS patients, 577 species of, 378 nematode, 657-684. See also Nematode in- Legionella infection, diagnosis, 382-385 fection(s), intestinal. culture in, 382-384 parasitic, in AIDS, 569-586. See also spe- detection of antigen and nucleic acids cific infection and Parasitic infec- in, 384-385 tion(s), in AIDS. serology in, 384 roundworm, zoonotic, 719-734 microbiologist’s role in, 385-387 Infectious disease(s), laboratory diagnosis, Leishmania, described, 527, 528 DNA hybridization techniques, 171- geographic location, 529 181 Leishmaniasis, 527-546 issue on, 171-459 cutaneous, new world, 534-536 Intrauterine device(s), PID due to, 840 old world, 533-534 Intraveous pyelography (IVP), in diagnosis, 528-531 schistosomiasis, 641 epidemiology, 527-528 lodoquinol, in amebiasis, 473-474 future trends, 539 Isolator system, 225-226, 230 mucosal, 538-539 in mycobacterial diseases, 367 transmission of, 527-528 Isosporiasis, in AIDS, 574-575 treatment, 531-532 clinical disease, 575 vaccination studies for, 539 pathology, 575 visceral, 536-538 treatment, 575 Leptospira, detection from blood, 227 cause, 574 Lesion(s), jet, infective endocarditis and, IUDs. See Intrauterine devices. 886 908 CUMULATIVE INDEX 1993 Liver, abscess of, amebic, diagnosis, 472- in non-AIDS patients, 577 473 Microsporidiosis, in AIDS, 575-581 treatment, case study, 477-479 Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), transplantation of, toxoplasma infection in bactericidal testing, 446 in, 600 microdilution, in bactericidal testing, 452 Loiasis, treatment, 631-632 Minority groups, sexually transmitted Lung biopsy, open, in ventilator-associated diseases in, epidemiology, 739-898 pneumonia, 349 Mitral valve perforation, echocardiography Lysis-Centrifugation system, 225-226, 230 in, 159 Mitral valve prolapse, and infective endocarditis, 13-15 Mold fungi, antifungal susceptibility M protein, in group A streptococci, 239- testing of, 441 240 Monotherapy, in aminoglycoside-resistant Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in enterococcal endocarditis, 124-126 neurocysticercosis, 692 Mosquito, Anopheles, malaria due to, 547- in toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS, 590 Malaria, 547-567 Mycobacteria, commonly isolated, 361-362 chemoprophylaxis for, 553-556 detection from blood, 228 chemotherapeutics for, 551-552 with unusual growth requirements, 362- in children, 563 364 clinical presentation, 556-557 Mycobacterial diseases, AIDS and, 359 congenital, 563 classification, 360-361 diagnosis, 557-558 laboratory diagnosis, 359-376 epidemiology, 549-551 BACTEC radiometric system in, 359 future trends, 564-565 culture methodology, 366-367 non-Plasmodium falciparum, treatment, identification methodology, 367-369 560 specimen selection, collection, process- Plasmodium falciparum, treatment, 560- ing, and staining, 365-366 562 strain tracking in, 370-371 in pregnancy, 562-563 susceptibility testing in, 371-372 prevention, 552-553 techniques in development, 369-370 relapse of, prevention, 555 taxonomy, 360-361 transmission of, 547-549 Mycobacterium, M. avium, described, 361- treatment, 559-562 in the United States, 551 362 Marfan’s syndrome, and infective M. chelonae, described, 362 endocarditis, 15 M. fortuitum, described, 362 Mathematical model(s), in sexually M. genavense, unusual growth require- transmitted disease analysis, 772-780 ments of, 363 Mebendazole, in ascariasis, 675-676 M. gordonae, described, 362 in cystic echinococcosis, 609 M. haemophilum, unusual growth require- in giardiasis, 517 ments of, 363 in opisthorchiasis, 704 M. intracellulare, described, 361-362 mecA detection tests, in detection of and the ‘’X”’ cluster, described, 361- methicillin-resistant staphylococci, 362 429-430 . kansasti, described, 362 Mectizan, in filarial infections, 626-627 . malmoense, unusual growth require- Mefloquine, in malaria, 552, 553-555, 561 ments of, 363 Meglumine antimonate solution, in . mariunum, unusual growth require- leishmaniasis, 532 ments of, 363 Methicillin resistance, mechanisms of, 426- e=& S. paratuberculosis, unusual growth re- 427 quirements of, 363-364 Metronidazole, in amebiasis, 473-475 tuberculosis, described, 361 in giardiasis, 516-517 . tuberculosis complex, described, 361 zzz Microscopy, in ventilator-associated . ulcerans, unusual growth require- pneumonia, 340-346 ments of, 364 Microsporidia, described, 575-576 M. xenopi, unusual growth requirements Microsporidian infection, in AIDS, 577-580 of, 364