Infections of the central nervous system PDF
Preview Infections of the central nervous system
INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FOURTH EDITION Editors W. Michael Scheld, MD Christina M. Marra, MD Bayer-Gerald L. Mandell Professor of Infectious Professor of Neurology Diseases Adjunct Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) Professor, Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and University of Washington School of Medicine Human Retrovirus Research Seattle, Washington Professor of Medicine Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery Director, Pfi zer Initiative in International Health University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia Richard J. Whitley, MD Distinguished University Professor Loeb Scholar in Pediatrics Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology, Medicine, and Neurosurgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama SScchheelldd__FFMM..iinndddd ii 22//2222//1144 55::4411 AAMM Acquisitions Editor: Julie Goolsby Senior Product Development Editor: Kristina Oberle Production Project Manager: David Orzechowski Senior Manufacturing Coordinator: Beth Welsh Marketing Manager: Stephanie Manzo Design Manager: Teresa Mallon Production Service: Absolute Service, Inc. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health Two Commerce Square 2001 Market Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA LWW.com © 2004 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be repro- duced in any form by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their offi cial duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Infections of the central nervous system (Scheld) Infections of the central nervous system / editors, W. Michael Scheld, Richard J. Whitley, Christina M. Marra. — Fourth edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4511-7372-7 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4511-7372-5 (hardback : alk. paper) I. Scheld, W. Michael, editor of compilation. II. Whitley, Richard J., editor of compilation. III. Marra, Christina M., editor of compilation. IV. Title. [DNLM: 1. Central Nervous System Infections. WL 301] RC359.5 616.8—dc23 2014004822 Care has been taken to confi rm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the informa- tion in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in the publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 SScchheelldd__FFMM..iinndddd iiii 22//2222//1144 55::4411 AAMM WITH GRATITUDE TO ALL OF OUR MENTORS AND TO OUR TRAINEES WHO UNIFORMLY GAVE MORE THAN THEY RECEIVED SScchheelldd__FFMM..iinndddd iiiiii 22//2222//1144 55::4411 AAMM SScchheelldd__FFMM..iinndddd iivv 22//2222//1144 55::4411 AAMM ■ CONTRIBUTORS Philipp Agyeman, MD Itzhak Brook, MD, MSc Research Fellow Professor Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics University of Bern Georgetown University School of Medicine Attending Physician Attending Physician in Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Georgetown University Hospital University of Bern Washington DC, Washington Inselspital Bern, Switzerland Mary T. Caserta, MD Professor Kelly J. Baldwin, MD Department of Pediatrics Clerkship Director University of Rochester Medical Center School of Medicine Department of Neurology and Dentistry Temple University, School of Medicine Attending Physician Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics Associate Golisano Children’s Hospital Department of Neurology Rochester, New York Geisinger Medical Center Danville, Pennsylvania Kevin A. Cassady, MD Associate Professor Kyra J. Becker, MD Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Professor University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery Birmingham, Alabama University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, Washington Matthias Cavassini Private-Decent and Senior Lecturer J. David Beckham, MD Chief of Service, Department Chair Assistant Professor of Medicine and Neurology Service of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Departments of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and University Hospital of Lausanne Neurology Lausanne, Switzerland University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado Maxine Caws, PhD, MSc, BSc Research Lecturer Jeana L. Benwill, MD Department of Clinical Sciences Assistant Professor of Medicine Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler Liverpool, United Kingdom Tyler, Texas Head of TB Research Programme Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Sven Bergström, PhD Hospital for Tropical Diseases Professor Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Department of Molecular Biology Umeå University Won K. Chung, MD Umeå, Sweden Post-doctoral Fellow Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Ari Bitnun, MD, MSc, FRCPC Disease Associate Professor University of Texas Medical Branch Department of Pediatrics Galveston, Texas University of Toronto Staff Physician David J. Coffey, MD Department of Pediatrics Associate Professor The Hospital for Sick Children Department of Neurology Toronto, Ontario, Canada Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon, New Hampshire v SScchheelldd__FFMM..iinndddd vv 22//2222//1144 55::4411 AAMM vi Contributors Jeffrey I. Cohen, MD Carol Glaser, MD Chief Chief Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Encephalitis and Special Investigations Section National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Communicable Disease Control National Institutes of Health California Department of Public Health Bethesda, Maryland Richmond, California Associate Clinical Professor Amanda C. Cohn, MD Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Medical Epidemiologist Diseases Division of Bacterial Diseases University of California, San Franciso National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, San Francisco, California Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia John W. Gnann, Jr., MD Professor Moshe Ephros, MD Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Associate Clinical Professor Medical University of South Carolina Department of Pediatrics Charleston, South Carolina Faculty of Medicine Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Denis Grandgirard, PhD Director Senior Postdoc Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit Neuroinfection Laboratory Department of Pediatrics Institute for Infectious Diseases Carmel Medical Center University of Bern Haifa, Israel Bern, Switzerland Jeremy Farrar, FRCP, FRCP(Ed), FMedSci, PhD, OBE Diane E. Griffi n, MD, PhD Director Professor and Alfred and Jill Sommer Chair Oxford University Clinical Research Unit W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme and Immunology Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, Maryland Kathleen R. Fink, MD Assistant Professor Paul D. Griffi ths, MD, DSc Department of Radiology Professor of Virology University of Washington Centre for Virology Harborview Medical Center University College London Medical School Seattle, Washington Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London, United Kingdom Sven Forner, BA CJD Clinical Research Team John J. Halperin, MD University of California, San Francisco Professor UCSF Memory and Aging Center Departments of Neurology and Medicine San Francisco, California Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York Michael D. Geschwind, MD, PhD Chair Associate Professor Department of Neurosciences Michael J. Homer Chair in Neurology Overlook Medical Center University of California, San Francisco Summit, New Jersey UCSF Memory and Aging Center San Francisco, California Barry J. Hartman, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine Michael Giladi, MD, MSc Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Associate Professor of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical Center Sackler Faculty of Medicine Attending Physician Tel Aviv University Department of Medicine The Infectious Disease Unit and the Bernard Pridan New York Presbyterian Hospital Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases New York, New York Tel Aviv Medical Center Tel Aviv, Israel Rodrigo Hasbun, MD, MPH Associate Professor Stefano Giulieri, MD Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Chief Resident University of Texas Health Science Center Service of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Attending Physician University Hospital of Lausanne Department of Medicine Lausanne, Switzerland Memorial Hermann Hospital Houston, Texas SScchheelldd__FFMM..iinndddd vvii 22//2222//1144 55::4411 AAMM Contributors vii Dorothee Heemskerk, MSc, MD Matthias Klein, MD Clinical Research Fellow Attending Physician Oxford University Clinical Research Unit VN Department of Neurology University of Oxford University of Munich Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Klinikum Grosshadern Munich, Germany David C. Helfgott, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine Serggio C. Lanata, MD Internal Medicine Clinical Fellow Weill Cornell Medical College Department of Neurology Assistant Attending Physician University of California, San Francisco Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases UCSF Memory and Aging Center New York Presbyterian Hospital San Francisco, California New York, New York Stephen L. Leib, MD Jerzy Hildebrand, MD, PhD† Associate Professor Professor of Neurology Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University of Bern Institut Jules Bordet Bern, Switzerland Université Libre de Bruxelles Head Brussels, Belgium Biology Division, Spiez Laboratory Swiss Federal Offi ce for Civil Protection Marc Hildebrand, MD, PhD Austrasse Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Spiez, Switzerland Hôpitaux Iris Sud Brussels, Belgium Matthias Maiwald, MD, PhD Adjunct Associate Professor Susan E. Hoover, MD, PhD Department of Microbiology Associate Professor National University of Singapore Internal Medicine Consultant in Microbiology University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Sanford Health KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Sioux Falls, South Dakota Singapore, Singapore Jennifer L. Horan, MD, PharmD Carrie P. Marder, MD, PhD Medical Instructor Acting Instructor Department of Medicine Department of Radiology Duke University Medical Center University of Washington Durham, North Carolina Department of Radiology University of Washington Medical Center Alan C. Jackson, MD, FRCPC Seattle, Washington Professor Departments of Internal Medicine (Neurology) and Medical James D. Marks, MD, PhD Microbiology Professor and Vice Chairman University of Manitoba Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Head University of California, San Francisco Section of Neurology, Internal Medicine Chief of Anesthesia Health Sciences Centre Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Winnipeg, Canada San Francisco General Hospital San Francisco, California David W. Kimberlin, MD Professor of Pediatrics Christina M. Marra, MD Department of Pediatrics Professor of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Adjunct Professor of Medicine (Infectious Diseases) Birmingham, Alabama University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, Washington Louis V. Kirchhoff, MD, MPH Professor Matthew McCarthy, MD Departments of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases) and Fellow Epidemiology Department of Medicine University of Iowa Health Care Weill Cornell Medical Center Staff Physician New York, New York Medical Service Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Iowa City, Iowa † Deceased SScchheelldd__FFMM..iinndddd vviiii 22//2222//1144 55::4411 AAMM viii Contributors Tony M. McGrath, MD Adjanie Patabendige, PhD Associate Professor NC3Rs David Sainsbury Fellow Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and University of Alabama at Birmingham Immunology Attending Physician Institute of Infection and Global Health Division of Child Neurology University of Liverpool Children’s of Alabama Liverpool, United Kingdom Birmingham, Alabama John R. Perfect, MD Thomas O. McPharlin, RPh Professor Clinical Associate Professor Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Pharmacy Duke University Medical Center Clinical Pharmacist Durham, North Carolina Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine Pharmacy William A. Petri, Jr., MD, PhD Harborview Medical Center Professor and Chief Seattle, Washington Division of Infectious Diseases University of Virginia School of Medicine Nancy E. Messonnier, MD Charlottesville, Virginia Medical Epidemiologist Division of Bacterial Diseases Hans-Walter Pfi ster, MD National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Senior Consultant Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Neurology Atlanta, Georgia University of Munich Senior Consultant Reto Antoine Meuli, MD, PhD Department of Neurology Full Professor Klinikum Grosshadern Department of Radiology Munich, Germany University of Lausanne, Faculty of Biology and Medicine Chief of Service, Department Chair Douglas G. Postels, MD Department of Radiology Associate Professor CHUV, University Hospital of Lausanne Department of Neurology Lausanne, Switzerland Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan Augusto Miravalle, MD Assistant Professor of Neurology Didier Raoult, MD, PhD Director, Neurology Residency Training Program Director University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine URMITE UMR 7278, Faculté de Médecine Aurora, Colorado Aix-Marseille Université Chief John F. Modlin, MD Fédération de Microbiologie Clinique Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine Hôpital de la Timone Department of Pediatrics and Medicine Marseille, France Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover, New Hampshire David A. Relman, MD Deputy Director for Research, Polio Thomas C. and Joan M. Merigan Professor Global Development Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Stanford University School of Medicine Seattle, Washington Stanford, California Chief Jose G. Montoya, MD, FACP, FIDSA Infectious Diseases Section Professor Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Department of Medicine Palo Alto, California Stanford University Attending Physician Susan Richardson, MD, CM Department of Medicine Professor Stanford Hospital and Clinics Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology Stanford, California University of Toronto Head Shannon Moonah, MD, ScM Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical and Research Fellow Microbiology Division of Infectious Diseases The Hospital for Sick Children University of Virginia School of Medicine Toronto, Ontario, Canada Charlottesville, Virginia SScchheelldd__FFMM..iinndddd vviiiiii 22//2222//1144 55::4411 AAMM Contributors ix José R. Romero, MD Khoi Duc Than, MD Professor Chief Resident Department of Pediatrics Department of Neurosurgery University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences University of Michigan Director Ann Arbor, Michigan Section of Infectious Diseases Arkansas Children’s Hospital Allan R. Tunkel, MD, PhD Little Rock, Arkansas Professor of Medicine Associate Dean for Medical Education Karen L. Roos, MD Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University John and Nancy Nelson Professor of Neurology Providence, Rhode Island Professor of Neurological Surgery Indiana University Health Neuroscience Center Kenneth L. Tyler, MD Indianapolis, Indiana Reuler-Lewin Family Professor and Chair of Neurology Professor of Medicine & Microbiology Jeffrey P. Ross, MD Departments of Neurology, Medicine, and Microbiology Assistant Clinical Professor University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Medicine Chair University of New Mexico School of Medicine Department of Neurology Albuquerque, New Mexico University of Colorado Hospital Aurora, Colorado Oren Sagher, MD William F. Chandler Collegiate Professor Diederik van de Beek, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery Professor University of Michigan Department of Neurology Neurosurgery Faculty Academic Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery University of Amsterdam University of Michigan Health System Amsterdam, The Netherlands Ann Arbor, Michigan Arun Venkatesan, MD, PhD W. Michael Scheld, MD Assistant Professor Bayer-Gerald L. Mandell Professor of Infectious Diseases Department of Neurology Professor, Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and Human Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Retrovirus Research Director Professor of Medicine Encephalitis Center Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins Hospital Director, Pfi zer Initiative in International Health Baltimore, Maryland University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia Richard J. Wallace, Jr. Chairman Jose A. Serpa, MD, MS Department of Microbiology Assistant Professor Chief Department of Medicine Infectious Disease Section Baylor College of Medicine The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler Attending Physician Tyler, Texas Medicine Ben Taub Hospital Thomas J. Walsh, MD, PhD (hon), FCCP, FAAM, FIDSA Houston, Texas Director Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program Tom Solomon, MD Chief Director Infectious Diseases Translational Research Laboratory Institute of Infection and Global Health Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Microbiology & University of Liverpool Immunology Honorary Consultant Neurologist Henry Schueler Foundation Scholar Department of Neurology Weill Cornell Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust Hospital Liverpool, United Kingdom New York, New York Terrie E. Taylor, DO Anthony C. Wang, MD University Distinguished Professor Department of Neurosurgery Osteopathic Medical Specialties University of Michigan Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine House Offi cer East Lansing, Michigan Department of Neurosurgery Scientifi c Director University of Michigan Health System Blantyre Malaria Project Ann Arbor, Michigan University of Malawi College of Medicine Blantyre, Malawi SScchheelldd__FFMM..iinndddd iixx 22//2222//1144 55::4411 AAMM x Contributors David F. Welch, PhD, D(ABMM) Joseph R. Zunt, MD, MPH Medical Microbiologist Professor Department of Pathology Departments of Neurology, Global Health, Medicine Medical City (Infectious Diseases), Epidemiology Dallas, Texas University of Washington Attending Neurologist A. Clinton White, Jr., MD Department of Neurology Paul R. Stalnaker Distinguished Professor and Director Harborview Medical Center Infectious Disease Division, Department of Internal Medicine Seattle, Washington University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas John Zurasky, MD Neurocritical Care Medical Director Richard J. Whitley, MD Department of Neurology Distinguished University Professor Chair of Neurology Loeb Scholar in Pediatrics Providence Health and Services Oregon Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology, Medicine, and Portland, Oregon Neurosurgery University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama Gary P. Wormser, MD Professor of Medicine Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Pharmacology New York Medical College Chief Division of Infectious Diseases Westchester Medical Center Valhalla, New York SScchheelldd__FFMM..iinndddd xx 22//2222//1144 55::4411 AAMM
The list of books you might like
