Infantry, Airborne, and Mechanized Division Brigades

151 Pages·2003·1.95 MB·English

FM
MHI 7-30
Copy 3
'NT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL
INFANTRY, AIRBORNE,
AND MECHANIZED DIVISION BRIGADES
HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
MAY 1965
TAGO 8489B
*FM 7-30
FIELD MANUAL HEADQUARTERS
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
No. 7-30 WASHINGTON, D.C., 19 May 1965
INFANTRY, AIRBORNE, AND MECHANIZED
DIVISION BRIGADES
Paragraphs Page
CHAPPER 1. GENERAL
Section I. Purpose and scope____---------------------.- 1,2 3
II. Missions and roles of the infantry, airborne,
and mechanized division brigades _________ 3, 4 4
III. Organization --____________________________ 5-7 4
IV. Capabilities and limitations _________________ 8-15 7
CHAPnER 2. BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS AND
HEADQUARTERS COMPANY
Section I. Organization …__________________1_6 ____1_1____
II. Command posts and brigade trains_-_1_7_-2_1_ ____ 19
CHAPPER 3. COMBAT SUPPORT AND COMBAT
SERVICE, SUPPORT
Section I. General _________________________________- 22 24
II. Fire support_______-_-_____________________ 23-30 25
III. Air defense artillery______-_______-3_1_ ______ 32
IV. Intelligence support _____-_-________________. 32-38 33
V. Civil affairs ________--______________________ 39 36
VI. Support from divisional units _-______-_____- 40-46 36
CHAPTER 4. OFFENSE
Section I. General _________________________________- 47-49 40
II. Planning the attack_____-_______-5_0_-_5_8_ _____ 41
III. Movement to contact _____-_-_______________. 59, 60 57
IV. Conduct of the attack_____-_______-6_1_-_6_7_ ____ 59
V. Penetration ______-_-______________________ 68-70 63
VI. Envelopment________--_____________________ 71-74 66
VII. Turning movement_________________________ 75-77 69
VIII. Infiltration _____________________________-- 78, 79 69
IX. Reconnaissance in force ____________________ 80, 81 70
X. Exploitation _______-_-____________________-- 82,83 71
XI. Pursuit__________________________________ 84, 85 73
XII. Night combat______-_________-8_6_-_8_9_ ________ 75
CHAPTER 5. DEFENSE
Section I. General--_________________________________ 90-92 78
II. Forms of defense_________________________- 93,94 82
III. Defense areas -_____9_5_-_9_8_ ____8_2_____________
* This manual supersedes FM 7-30, 17 January 1962.
AGO FgOFp I
Paragraphs Page
Section IV. Defense planning ______ ____-__------------- -- 99-106 85
V. Conduct of the defense ________------------. 107-116 92
VI. Other defensive operations-_.______-_-__---- 117-122 100
VII. Rear area security and area damage control__. 123-125 103
CHAPER 6. RETROGRADE
Section I. General ____________________-.____________ 126-131 106
II. Withdrawal_-_1_3_2_-1_3_5_ ______________________ 111
III. Delay operations___________________________ 136-138 116
IV. Retirement _________________._____________- 139,140 118
V. Relief operations _________-________________ 141,142 120
CHAPTER 7. OTHER TACTICAL OPERATIONS
Section I. General--_________________________________ 143 121
II. Joint airborne and airmobile operations______ 144-148 121
III. Linkup operations ___________-.____________ 149-151 130
IV. Amphibious operations _______- _____________ 152-155 132
V. River crossings _____________-______________ 156-161 133
VI. Raids -_____________________--------------- 162 137
VII. Combat in fortified and built-up areas_____ 163, 164 137
VIII. Passage of defiles _________________________ 165,166 138
IX. The brigade in counterinsurgency operations__ 167-169 140
APPENDIX I. REFERENCES __________________________ _______ 142
INDEX _____________________----------------______________ _______ 146
2 AGO 8489B
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL
Section I. PURPOSE AND SCOPE
1. Purpose
This manual provides doctrinal guidance on organization and
employment of the infantry, airborne, and mechanized division
brigade.
2. Scope
a. The doctrine herein is applicable generally to all three types
of brigades. The portions of the text which pertain exclusively to
one type brigade are so specified. This doctrine, with appropriate
adjustments for minor organizational differences, also pertains
to the separate brigade when organized for combat with a pre-
ponderance of infantry, mechanized infantry, or airborne infantry
battalions.
b. This manual is a brigade-level, manual; however, the funda-
mentals of tactical operations of the Army division generally
apply to the brigade.
c. Operations under all pertinent conditions of warfare for the
brigade are included. The basic material applies to nuclear and
nonnuclear warfare and counterinsurgency operations. The
manual is designed for use in conjunction with other manuals
and training texts (app. I).
d. For brevity, brigades will be referred to as the infantry,
airborne, and/or mechanized brigades.
e. Users of this manual are encouraged to submit recommended
changes or comments to improve the manual. Comments should
be keyed to the specific page, paragraph, and line of text in which
change is recommended. Reasons should be provided for each
comment to insure understanding and complete evaluation. Com-
ments should be forwarded direct to the Commanding Officer,
U.S. Army Combat Developments Command Infantry Agency,
Fort Benning, Georgia 31905.
AGO 8489B 3
Section II. MISSIONS AND ROLES OF THE INFANTRY,
AIRBORNE, AND MECHANIZED DIVISION BRIGADES
3. Mission
a. The Brigade. The basic combat mission of the brigade is to
close with the enemy by means of fire and maneuver in order to
destroy or capture him, or to repel his assault by fire, close
combat, and counterattack. As a major subordinate command
element within the divisions, the brigade, with attached maneuver,
combat support, and combat service support units, executes the
division's combat mission.
b. The Brigade Headquarters and Headquarters Company. The
mission of the brigade headquarters and headquarters company
is to provide command and control facilities and limited Army
aviation support for employment of attached and supporting ele-
ments. The organization of the brigade headquarters and head-
quarters companies of the infantry, airborne, and mechanized
brigades is the same except for minor differences in equipment and
personnel.
4. Roles
In addition to its basic combat mission, the brigade may be em-
ployed to-
a. Supervise the training of all elements attached to the brigade.
b. Participate independently or as part of a division in stability
operations.
Section III. ORGANIZATION
5. General Characteristics
a. The brigade has no assigned units other than the brigade
headquarters and headquarters company. Maneuver units (in-
fantry, airborne infantry, mechanized infantry, and tank bat-
talions) are normally attached to the brigade for operations.
Combat support units may be attached to or placed in support of
the brigade, depending on the circumstances of employment. In
most situations, they are placed in support; however, when the
brigade is organized for independent or semi-independent opera-
tions, combat support units are usually attached. Combat service
support units are normally placed in support of the brigade.
b. Attachments to and detachments from the brigade are made
by division to provide the brigade the means to accomplish as-
signed missions. In rapidly moving situations, changes in the
4 AGO 8489B
organizational structure of the brigade may be made frequently
and on short notice. The brigade commander and his staff develop
SOP and operational techniques which permit attachments and de-
tachments to be made expeditiously and efficiently.
6. Implementation
a. Authority. The brigade organization is established and modi-
fied by division orders. Changes in task organization during op-
erations are frequently made by fragmentary and/or oral orders.
b. Duration and Conditions of Employment. Whenever possible,
the order attaching or placing a unit in support will specify the
anticipated duration of the attachment; any limitations on or
conditions of employment of the unit should be clearly specified.
c. Timing. Changes in task organizations must be carefully
planned and timed to avoid unnecessary interference with combat
operations. Detachment of a unit should not be made while it is
engaged with the enemy or under conditions where its withdrawal
would seriously jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission of
the unit to which it is attached. Whenever possible, major changes
in the organization of a unit should be made while it is in reserve
or during a lull in activities.
d. Administration. When attached or placed in support, units
report ready to fight or to perform their support mission. This
includes having the prescribed basic load of ammunition, other
supplies as required, and equipment and weapons in operable
condition.
e. Coordination. The commander of an attached or supporting
unit, or his representative, should immediately report to the head-
quarters of the supported unit for necessary orders and coordina-
tion. After reporting to the commander, he should contact ap-
propriate staff sections for additional guidance and instructions
and to arrange for combat service support which may be required.
f. Communication. In making attachments or assigning sup-
port missions, consideration must be given to communications.
Radios of the attached or supporting unit must be able to oper-
ate in the nets of the supported units or arrangements made to
provide radios which can accomplish this.
7. Factors Bearing on Organization for Combat
a. Organization for combat is based upon an established re-
quirement. The adopted command relationship is guided by con-
sideration for the most effective employment. Attachment repre-
sents the firmest control but may fail to fully use the attached
element and impose an additional administrative burden on the
AGO 8489B 5
element to which it is attached. Operational control provides a
relationship where full use of the attached element is devoted to
the major element to which it is attached without the burden
of additional combat service support. The role of support makes
the element generally available but does not strictly limit the
application of its resources to a single force. Generally, the
role of attachment is preferred when the commander designating
this status is unable to otherwise provide effective control and
afford combat service support. Operational control is preferred
when outside resources are available for combat service support
and effective control can be maintained. The supporting role is
preferred when effective control can be exercised by the com-
mander assigned the mission.
b. When conditions permit, subordinate units may be formed
into task forces for employment either as a temporary grouping
of units (under one commander) formed to carry out a specific
operation or mission, or a semipermanent organization of units
(under one commander) formed to carry out a continuing spe-
cific task.
c. Tactical Versus Administrative Roles.
(1) The division brigade is basically a tactical echelon of
command. The brigade commander or his designated
representative enters the administrative chain of com-
mand in a control, coordinating, and supervisory role
only. Maneuver and combat support units attached to
the brigade receive combat service support directly
from the division support command, although units of
the support command may be attached to, or placed in
support of, the brigade for this purpose. Whenever the
division brigade is employed in a separate or inde-
pendent role, necessary combat support and combat
service support elements are normally attached.
(2) The nondivisional (separate) brigade is designated on
a relatively more permanent basis. Whether such a
brigade consists basically of organic maneuver battalions
only or includes also other organic combat support and
combat service support units depends upon its mission,
intended strength, and proximity of required support.
In these events, the brigade commander and staff be-
come responsible for combat service support operations
for all assigned or attached units.
AGO 8489B
Section IV. CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
8. General
a. The capabilities and limitations of the brigade are deter-
mined by the type and number of maneuver battalions and com-
bat support and combat service support units attached to or in
support of it. The brigade is a flexible organization, tailored
to best accomplish a particular mission. Its capabilities and
limitations are established by division.
b. All three types of brigade headquarters have the following
capabilities regardless of the type and number of units attached
to or in support of it:
(1) Command and control up to five maneuver battalions
plus those elements which are required for combat sup-
port and combat service support in combat operations..
(2) Accept or release assigned, attached, or supporting ele-
ments on short notice.
(3) Conduct brigade operations on a sustained, 24-hour
basis.
(4) Supervise the movement and security of attached or
supporting elements.
(5) Supervise tactical training of attached elements.
(6) Act as an alternate operational headquarters for- the
division.
(7) Establish liaison with higher and adjacent headquarters.
9. Infantry Brigade
The organization of an infantry brigade provides a capability
to-
a. Close with and destroy or capture the enemy by means of
fire and maneuver.
b. Conduct ground offensive and defensive operations under all
conditions of weather and terrain, with or without nuclear
support.
c. Seize and hold terrain.
d. Conduct airmobile operations when provided adequate air-
craft.
e. Conduct independent and semi-independent operations when
appropriately reinforced.
f. Conduct counterguerrilla operations.
g. Condhuct infiltration operations.
h. Participate in joint amphibious and joint airborne opera-
tions.
AGO 8489B 7
i. Exploit the effects of nuclear, chemical, and biological weap-
ons with maneuver and firepower.
j. Provide limited defense against air attack.
10. Mechanized Brigade
In addition to the capabilities listed in paragraph 9, the orga-
nization of a mechanized brigade provides a capability to-
a. Maneuver with a high degree of cross-country mobility,
coupled with light armor protection for infantry.
b. Exploit the effects of nuclear, chemical and biological weap-
ons with emphasis on speed and with a degree of protection
against the effects of radiation.
c. Provide a highly mobile penetration, exploitation, and pur-
suit force.
d. Act as a mobile counterattack force for the division.
e. Traverse inland waterways within limitation while mounted.
11. Airborne Brigade
In addition to the capabilities listed in paragraph 9, the air-
borne brigade is capable of conducting frequent parachute or
airlanded assaults with minimum marshaling and planning pro-
cedures, and it can operate with somewhat reduced logistical
support.
12. Limitations
a. The infantry and airborne brigades have ground mobility
limited to walking speed and have limited armor protection.
b. The mechanized brigade loses its mechanized capabilities
when it engages in airmobile and/or joint airborne operations.
Its ground mobility is restricted by jungle, mountain, and other
difficult terrain. The capability of carriers to cross water obsta-
cles is limited by steep banks or water currents. The mecha-
nized brigade's logistical requirements are greater than those
of the infantry or airborne brigade.
c. The mobility of tank units attached to all three type brigades
may be restricted by terrain obstacles.
13. Independent and Semi-Independent Brigades
In addition to the capabilities listed in paragraphs 9 through
11, infantry, airborne, and mechanized brigades which are appro-
priately reinforced for independent and semi-independent employ-
ment have the capability of sustaining themselves in combat for
extended periods of time when supported logistically by field
army installations.
8 AGO 8489B
14. Mobility
a. Air. The headquarters and headquarters companies of all
three type brigades can be airlanded.
b. Ground.
(1) All personnel and equipment of the headquarters and
headquarters companies of all three type brigades can
be transported in one move, using organic transporta-
tion.
(2) The ground mobility of the brigade when organized for
combat is governed by the tactical ground transport
organic to its attached maneuver battalions.
15. Communications
a. An effective communications system, responsive to the mo-
mentum of brigade operations, is essential. The brigade com-
munication system, when properly established, provides the com-
mander with the capability to control the actions of his unit; to
coordinate his supporting fires; to receive and transmit orders
and information; to maintain contact with higher, lower, attached,
supporting, and adjacent units and to coordinate logistical and
personnel matters (fig. 1).
b. Radio is the principal means of communication within the
brigade. Properly controlled, the authorized tactical radios can
carry a larger volume of traffic. Range is extended when required
by use of antenna equipment and radio relay. Radio is susceptible,
however, to jamming and interception by the enemy and to ter-
rain and atmospheric conditions according to types of equipment.
Therefore, wire and messenger (both ground and air) are used
extensively whenever the tactical situation allows. Reliance is
not placed on any one system; rather, each means complements the
other, thus achieving maximum reliability, security, flexibility
and responsiveness from the available communication means
(para 16).
AGO 8489B 9