Industrialization Before Industrialization

349 Pages·08.601 MB·English

by  Peter Kriedte, Hans Medick, Jürgen Schlumbohm

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Studies in Modern Capitalism .Etudes sur le capitalisme moderne
Past and Present Publications
Industrialization before Industrialization
Studies in modern capitalism· Etudes sur le capitalisme moderne
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Maurice Aymard, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris
Jacques Revel, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris
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Industrialization before
Industrialization
Rural Industry in the Genesis of Capitalism
PETER KRIEDTE, HANS MEDICK, JURGEN SCHLUMBOHM
Max-Planck-Institut ftir Geschichte, Gottingen
Translated by Beate Schempp
With contributions from
Herbert Kisch and Franklin F. Mend els
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge
London New York New Rochelle Melbourne Sydney
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First published in German as lndustrialisierung vor der Jndustrialisierung, Volume 53 of
Veri:iffentlichungen des Max-Planck-Instituts fiir Geschichte 1977 and© Vandenhoeck &
Ruprecht in Gottingen 1977
First published in English 1981 as Jndustriali::_ation before Industrialization
English translation © Maison des Sciences de )'Homme and
Cambridge University Press 1981
Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge
This book is published as part of the joint publishing agreement established in 1977 between
the Fondation de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme and the Press Syndicate of the
University of Cambridge. Titles published under this arrangement may appear in any
European language or, in the case of volumes of collected essays, in several languages.
New books will appear either as individual titles or in one of the series which the Maison
des Sciences de !'Homme and the Cambridge University Press have jointly agreed to publish.
All books published jointly by the Maison des Sciences de !'Homme and the Cambridge
University Press will be distributed by the Press throughout the world.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Kried te, Peter
Industrialization before industrialization.
- (Studies in modern capitalism ISSN 0144 2333).
I. Cottage industries - History
2. Home labor - History
3. Industrialization
I. Title II. Medick, Hans III. Schlumbohm,
Jurgen IV. Schempp, Beate V. Series
338.6'34'0941 HD2331 80-41644
ISBN 0 521 23809 9 hard covers
ISBN 0 521 28228 4 paperback
Contents
Preface page ix
Abbreviations x
Glossary xi
PART ONE
Introduction 1
1 The origins, the agrarian context, and the conditions in the
world market (Kriedte) 12
The division of labour between town and countryside and its
dis solution 12
2 The emergence of rural industries in the countryside 13
(a) Factors operating within the agrarian sector 13
(b) Factors operating outside the agrarian sector 21
3 Proto-industrialization
(a) Origins, inter-regional connections, indicators 23
(b) The agrarian context 25
(c) Conditions in the world market 33
2 The proto-industrial fa:mily economy (Medick) 38
Household and family in agrarian societies and in the proto-
industrial system. An approach to the problem 38
2 The model of the 'family economy' 41
3 The family economy of the rural artisans under market
conditions 44
4 The family economy as a macro-economic factor 50
5 Household formation and family structure as elements of the
process of production and reproduction 54
6 Plebeian culture and the proto-industrial family economy:
articulation of needs and patterns of consumption 64
v
v1 Contents
3 The structures and function of population-development
under the proto-industrial system (Medick) 74
-I The demo-economic system of proto-industrialization 74
2 Basic demographic patterns of proto-industrialization 82
3 Remarks on the change in the structure and course of demo-
graphic conjunctures and crises 89
4 Relations of production - productive forces - crises in
proto-industrialization (Schlumbohm) 94
The phases and types of relations of production: the precarious
independence of the industrial family and emerging
wage-labour relations 94
(a) Feudal organization of industrial commodity production 95
(b) The Kaufsystem: petty commodity-production and its
interaction with merchant capital 98
(c ) The putting-out system: the penetration of capital into the
sphere of production IOI
(d) Tendencies to centralize production: capitalist manu-
factures I 07
2 The development of the productive forces: stagnation and
progress 111
3 The character of economic fluctuations: crises of the 'type
ancien' caused by harvest failures - crises resulting from political
causes - beginnings of a cyclical movement of the economy
generated by capital 117
5 Excursus: the political and institutional framework of
proto-industrialization (Schlumbohm) 126
6 Proto-industrialization between industrialization and de-
industrialization (Kriedte) 135
I From proto-industrialization to capitalist industrialization 136
2 Industrialization: its retarded beginning and troubled develop-
ment; de-industrialization 145
3 Decline of proto-industrialization, pauperism and the sharpen-
ing of the contrast between city and countryside 154
Contents Vll
PART TWO 161
Agriculture and peasant industry m eighteenth-century Flanders
(Franklin F. Mendels) 161
The textile industries in Silesia and the Rhineland: A comparative
study in industrialization (with a postscriptum) (Herbert Kisch) 178
Notes
201
Index
330

Preface
This book originated in a working paper, completed in the autumn of 1974.
This paper was intended to lay out the theoretical problems before we
embarked upon regional historical field studies. The course of our discussions,
which produced that highly tentative paper, led us to revise it, extend it and
publish it. The book which resulted gained much from discussions at the Max
Planck-Institut fiir Geschichte, at the Arbeitskreis fiir moderne Sozial
geschichte in Heidelberg, at the Institut fiir Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte
in Gottingen, at the Institut fiir Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte in Munster,
and with the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social
Structure.
We are grateful for the encouragement and criticism which our project
encountered in these centres. We are equally grateful to all the other people
who helped us to improve our understanding of the problems by their interest,
their arguments, and their questions. Only two names shall be mentioned:
Herbert Kisch and Franklin F. Mendels. They contributed to our project
both through extensive discussions and by allowing their own regional studies,
which focus on some of the questions raised in this book, to be reprinted
here. We are particularly grateful to Rudolf Vierhaus; he not only took an
active interest in our work from the beginning, but without his concern, his
criticism, and his help, especially at important turning-points, this book would
not have been written.
Gottingen, August 1976 P. K., H. M.,J. S.
IX