Industrial Studies for Building Craft Students PDF
Preview Industrial Studies for Building Craft Students
INDUSTRIAL STUDIES FOR BUILDING CRAFT STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL STUDIES FOR BUILDING CRAFT STUDENTS R. C. Boucher L.I.O.B., M.R.S.H., F.B.I.C.C. Deputy Head of the Department of Building, Mander College, Bedford © R. C. Boucher 1976 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission. First published 1976 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in New York Dublin Melbourne johannesburg and Madras ISBN 978-0-333-19589-5 ISBN 978-1-349-02929-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-02929-7 Set in IBM Theme by PREFACE LTD Salisbury, Wilts The paperback edition of this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. CONTENTS Preface vii Grossly Polluted Reaches of Rivers and Waterways 21 Acknowledgements ix Dereliction 22 Man and His Environment 23 1. Introduction 1 Course Requirements 1 4. Aesthetics I Environment 25 Craft Training 1 Perception in Outline 25 Craft Course Objectives 2 Aesthetic Judgments 25 Degrees of Personal Acceptability 29 2. Safety 3 Construction 31 Statistics 3 Social Needs 31 Common Causes of Accidents 4 Major Causes of Accidents 5 5. Historical Buildings I Social Changes 32 Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 6 Anglo-Saxon (A.D. 410-1 066) 32 Protective Clothing and Equipment 7 Norman (A.D. 1 050-1200) 33 Safe Working 8 Early (7050-7700), Middle (7 700-7750) Safety Code 9 and Transitional (7 75 0-7 200) 33 Hazards 11 Gothic (A.D. 1200-1500) 36 Safety Precautions 11 Early Gothic (7 200-7 300) 36 Fire 11 Decorated Gothic (7 300-7 400) 36 Stacking of materials 11 Perpendicular Gothic (7 400-7 500) 36 Excavations 13 Tudor (A.D. 1485-1558) 38 Working at heights 13 Elizabethan (A.D. 1558-1603) 38 Electricity 15 Affluence and Degradation in the Eighteenth Assignment 1 16 and Nineteenth Centuries 42 3. Conservation I Environment 19 Assignment 2 44 Pollution 19 6. Control/ Applications 46 Evolution and Preservation 19 Mercury-polluted Water 21 Central Government 46 Area Control 46 Design and Construction Team 68 Area development control 47 Who's who in the building team 68 Plan of future intent 48 Planning Permission 49 9. Elements I Materials 71 Right of Inspection 49 Classification of Elements 71 Inspection notices 49 Substructure 71 Building Obsolescence 49 Primary elements 71 Secondary elements 71 Assignment 3 52 Finishes 71 Services 71 7. Design I Construction 53 Installation 72 Fixtures 72 General Defining-functions 53 Loose equipment 72 Cost 53 Elements of Structure 73 Functional usage 53 Location of Elements 74 Controls 53 Materials 75 The site 53 Fitness of Purpose 75 General Design Procedure 53 Main Group of Building Materials 75 Drawings 53 'Block' Group Usage 76 Sketch drawings 54 Location drawings 54 Assignment 5 79 Position and direction 57 Component drawings 57 10. Failures I Defects 80 Assembly drawings 57 Principles of Construction 57 Principal Causes of Cracking in Buildings 80 Purpose Grouping 58 Cracks between or within Components 81 Main Stages in Construction 61 Cracks due to Differential Movement 82 Sources of Dampness 83 Assignment 4 62 Condensation 84 Pests and Decay 86 8. Organisations I Teamwork 66 Dry rot 86 Defects in Paintwork 88 Small Firms 66 Defects in Plumbing 88 Medium-size Firms 66 Large Firms 66 Assignment 6 91 Structure of Firm 66 Relationships within Firms 67 In-course Assessment 92 Job Management 67 Further Reading 95 A ids to job management 68 Cross-reference 96 PREFACE The subject of industrial studies is common to all initial stages of this book. Set building project work, Construction Craft Certificate Courses. This book from first design notions through construction and aims to provide teaching material that will cover occupation, can be more meaningful to the student in 'Industrial Studies' as written in the City and Guilds the latter part of the course. He has by this time of London Institute Syllabuses. acquired a more detailed trade knowledge, thus Classroom experience of teaching the subject and helping him to benefit more thoroughly from the the need to acquire maximum student participation technical concepts taught. necessitated amendments to several of my original The general notions in the composition of this lesson notes, resulting in the publication of this book book are meant to be adaptable, enabling the and the evolvement of a teaching/ student work text. individual lecturer to develop the topic area according The sequence of topics is an attempt to create to the particular needs of his student group. Where continuative teaching fluency and particularly to help general principles are used they provide a basis for the new entrant into the industry, who generally has further projection to suit local conditions and areas little knowledge of construction work and procedures of work. either practical or theoretical. Safety, the general aspects of conservation, the environment and the control of building works have been included in the Bedford, 1976 R. C. BOUCHER ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is exceedingly grateful to Eric Thomas, and with the permission of: john Hillelson, Magnum F.I.O.B., F.R.S.H., A.C.S.I., for his advice and Photos (photo 3.1); The National Trust for Places of co-operation during the preparation of this book. A Historic Interest or Natural Beauty (photos 4.1, 4.2, special word of thanks must be given to the building 4.3, 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5); the Reverend M. R. H. Baker, craft students of Mander College who were instru All Saints' Parish Church, Earls Barton (photos 5.1 mental in the evolvement of this text and its method and 5.2); and Thomson Regional Newspapers Ltd of presentation and application. (photo 6.1 ). Photographs have been reproduced by courtesy Cover photograph courtesy of George Wimpey & Co Limited. 1. INTRODUCTION Industrial studies is an integral part of the City and Guilds Craft Certificate. Coursework is continually assessed by the College and externally assessed by the City and Guilds of London Institute. The syllabus is common to all trades and is intended to provide a common basis of construction knowledge and exper ience for all student craftsmen and also to provide a link between the technical studies and general studies. Course Requirements Chart 7. 7 Course Requirements Assessment Grades for Industrial Studies I I I j Very Good - VG Good - G Satisfactory - S Unsatisfactory A Craft Certificate requires AT LEAST a final Satisfactory grade in Industrial Studies COPY THE PREAMBLE ON INDUSTRIAL STUDIES ABOVE AND REPRODUCE THE COURSE REQUIREMENTS AS SHOWN IN CHART 1.1. Craft Training which should result in a better standard of living, higher productivity, greater job satisfaction and The object of apprenticeship training is to produce better labour relations. craftsmen who are safety conscious, competent and productive in their craft, who are flexible in their Further education is complementary to training, attitudes and who are prepared for and capable of and when combined they will benefit the individual, further development. Training is a good investment, the industry and society as a whole. 2 Industrial Studies Craft Course Objectives WHAT IS THE 'LOCAL' PUBLIC IMAGE OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY? CAN IT BE IMPROVED? The course is designed to provide HOW CAN INDUSTRIAL TRAINING AND FURTHER EDUCATION 1. the knowledge of techniques and materials that BENEFIT a craftsman will need to do his job with THE INDIVIDUAL (YOU PERSONALLY) efficiency and understanding; THE EMPLOYER (YOUR EMPLOYER) THE PUBLIC IMAGE OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 2. a broad understanding of relevant science and IN YOUR AREA? technology with background Industrial Studies so that the apprentice appreciates the work and problems of craftsmen engaged in associated occupations and the relationship of his work to theirs; 3. the preparation in foundation study for further advancement; 4. a widening of the student craftsman's under standing of the industry in which he works and the society in which he lives.
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