Industrial Statistics: Aims and Computational Aspects. Proceedings of the Satellite Conference to the 51st Session of the International Statistical Institute (ISI), Athens, Greece, August 16–17, 1997

297 Pages·1997·13.55 MB·English

by  Sung H. Park

Contributions to Statistics
V. FedorovlW.G. MiillerlI.N. Vuchkov (Eds.)
Model-Oriented Data Analysis
XlI/248 pages, 1992
J. Antoch (Ed.)
Computational Aspects of Model Choice
VW285 pages, 1993
W.G. MiillerlH.P. WynnlA.A. Zbigljavsky (Eds.)
Model-Oriented Data Analysis
XIW287 pages, 1993
P. MandllM. Hu§kovli (Eds.)
Asymptotic Statistics
Xl474 pages, 1994
P. DirschedllR. Ostennann (Eds.)
Computational Statistics
V1lI553 pages, 1994
C. P. KitsosIW. G. Miiller (Eds.)
MODA4 - Advances in Model-Oriented Data Analysis
XIV1297 pages, 1995
H. Schmidli
Reduced Rank Regression
XlI79 pages, 1995
W. HiirdleJM.G. Schimek (Eds.)
Statistical Theory and Computational Aspects of Smoothing
VIW265 pages, 1996
S. Klinke
Data Structures for Computational Statistics
VIW284 pages, 1997
Christos P. Kitsos . Lutz Edler (Eds.)
Industrial Statistics
Aims and Computational Aspects
Proceedings of the Satellite Conference to the
51 st Session of the International Statistical Institute (ISI)
Athens, Greece, August 16-17, 1997
With 44 Figures
and 24 Tables
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Professor Christos P. Kitsos
Athens University of Economics and Business
Department of Statistics
76 Patission Street
104 34 Athens
Greece
Dr. Lutz EcHer
Gennan Cancer Research Center
Biostatistics Unit
Im Neuenheimer Feld 280
0-69120 Heidelberg
Gennany
ISBN 978-3-7908-1042-4 ISBN 978-3-642-59268-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-59268-3
Industrial statistics: aims and computational aspects ; proceedings of the satellite
conference to the 51 al session of the International Statistical Institute (ISI), Athens,
Greece, August 16 -17, 1997 I Christos P. Kitsos ; Lutz Edler (ed.). -Heidelberg;
New York: Physica-Verl., 1997
(Contributions to statistics)
This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse
of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduc,tion on microfilm or in any other
way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is
permitted onIy under the provisions of the Gennan Copyright Law of September 9,
1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from
Physica-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the Gennan Copyright
Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997
Originally published by Physica-Verlag Heidelberg in 1997
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such
names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore
free for general use.
Softcover Design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg
SPIN 10634241 88/2202-5 4 3 2 1 O - Printed on acid-free paper
PREFACE
This volume is the Proceedings of the International Conference in Athens from
August 16-17, 1997, on 'Industrial Statistics: Aims and Computational Aspects'
planned and organized as a Satellite Conference to the 51th Session of the
International Statistical Institute (lSI) in 1997 in Istanbul. Plans for this
conference originated in Beijing in 1995, during the 50th Session of the lSI
where active members of the lSI and especially the IASC (International
Association of Statistical Computing) decided to organize such a meeting
realizing the importance of statistics and its computational aspects in modem
industry and economical development. Devoted to the growing impact of
statistical methodology and statistical computing in industry and economy the
aim of this conference was to link the three components Statistics-Industry
Computers towards a more intensive interaction which should improve
industrial productivity, foster the impact of statistics in induStry and promote
there theory, methods and practice of statistical computing. According to this,
the conference and the proceedings address themselves to decision makers,
statisticians, computer scientists, programmers, engineers and other
professionals in industry and academia engaged in this developing field.
The meeting was kindly cosponsored by the International Association of
Statistical Computing (IASC) and the Statistics in Industry Committee of the
lSI.
We take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to Professores and Ores.
Murrray Cameron (President of IASC), Jaromir Antoch and Antoine de
Falguerolles (Chairmen of the Board of Directors of the European Regional
Section of IASC), and Vijayan Nair (Chairman of the Statistics in Industry
Committee of lSI) for their support in this effort. Further thanks go also to the
Director of the lSI Dr. Zoltan Kenessey for his encouragement and to Daniel
Berze and Allmut Hormann for editorial assistance in the announcements of the
VI
conference in the lSI Newsletter and in the Statistical Software Newsletter
(SSN), respectively.
The editors would also like to express their thanks to the Ministry of Education
of Greece for their generous support. Our thanks are extended to the Turkish
Organization Committee of the 51th Session of the lSI who kindly welcomed
this meeting, especially Ambassadeur Orhan Guvenen. Warmest thanks go also
to Athens University of Economics and Business and Dean Prof A Kintis for
their welcome and help. Further thanks go to a number of people involved in the
production of this volume. We have to thank for assistance in handling the texts
which arrived in various electronical forms, especially Axel Benner and Lothar
Pilz in Heidelberg and George Andraktas in Athens. We thankfully acknowledge
the friendly and pleasant cooperation with Physica-Verlag. We thank especially
Dr. Peter Schuster and Dr. Martina Bihn who set up the schedule for printing
and monitored the publishing.
The target of the planning was to have all the papers reviewed and published
before the meeting and therefore we had to impose tight time limitings and
pressuring deadlines. The strict timely schedule might have hindered some of the
applicants for participation at the conference to contribute and may have made
others to decide to restrict themselves to an oral presentation only of their
valuable work; we apologize for that. To those who worked hard for the review
of all papers, the International Committee and the Local Committee, we would
like to express sincere thanks. Most of the announcement work and the
communication was succesfully operated through e-mail. This electronic
process was also used for editing the papers and valuable time could be saved
such that the target could be reached succesfully.
The dominant topic in the submission of papers was the Industrial Statistics
which is a broad and dynamically growing field of statistical applications and
usage of statistical computing and therefore some heterogeneity of the
VII
contnoutions submitted to the conference had to be expected. Nevertheless, at
the end of the day, when we were happy to collect the papers a few categories
had arizen very clearly which represent in our opinion cutting edge areas of
industrial statistics each represented by a number of contributions. We finally
categorized the submitted papers into the six categories
Quality Control, Engineering and Monitoring
Reliability and Failure Time Analysis
Experimental Design
Repeated Measurements - Multiple Inference
Pharmaceutical-Statistics
Computing, Jmaging and Prediction
Admittedly, such a categorization was not an easy task at all and there remains
subjectivity in this and even more in the classification of the single papers.
Obviously, other important areas in industrial statistics are not so well
represented in these proceedings by various reasons. Among those less
represented ones are e.g. computationally intensive methods, Bayesian analyses,
and more theoretical stochastic analyses, e. g. related to time series. Needless to
say that there are fields of application e. g. in finance and insurance which could
not been covered in this volume. Some of the topics missing here will be seen as
oral contribution during the conferente. On the other hand, we are content to
have been able to bring together an illustrative spectrum of contributions to
industrial statistics.
It is our hope that the present collection will prove to be of interest not only for
the participants of this but also to a larger scientific community with interest in
this particular and developing field of statistics.
Christos P. Kitsos Athens Lutz Edler Heidelberg
Contents
I. Quality Control, Engineering and Monitoring 1
Quality Engineering Using Robust Design and Analysis 3
SUNG H. PARK AND JAE J. KIM
1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 3
2. Quality engineering and quality management.............. ............................ 4
3. Parameter design......................................... .................................. ........ 7
The Calibration Problem in Industry 17
CHRISTOS P. KITSOS AND V. L. NlNI
1. Introduction.......................................................................................... 17
2. Background .......................................................................................... 18
3. Optimal design approach ....................................................................... 20
4. Applications. ......................................................................................... 21
Case Study of Applying Statistical Techniques for the Quality
Assurance in a Paint Industry 27
C. VOURV AHI, J. VOUTSINAS AND J. KIRIAKIDIS
1. Introduction .......................................................................................... 27
2. Generally about SPC ............................................................................. 28
3. SPC in CHROTEX until 1996 ............................................................... 28
4. New steps for CHROTEX with SPC ..................................................... 30
5. Process capability indexes ..................................................................... 33
6. Applications ofSPC .............................................................................. 34
7. Conclusions .......................................................................................... 35
x
Taking Multivariate Statistics out into Industry - Multivariate
Statistical Progress Control and Process Performance Monitoring 51
ELAINE B. MARTIN AND A. JULIAN MORRIS
1. Introduction .......................................................................................... 51
2. Strategic importance of the approach .................................................... 52
3. An overview of statistical process control ............................................. 52
4. Multivariate statistical process control .................................................. 53
5. Process performance monitoring charts ....................... , ......................... 55
6. An industrial application of PCA and PLS based process
performance monitoring ....................................................................... 57
7. Conclusions .......................................................................................... 63
Robust Estimation of Variance Components with High'
Breakdown Point in the I-Way Random Effect Model 65
STEFFEN UHLIG
1. Introduction .......................................................................................... 65
2. Definitions ............................................................................................ 66
3. Breakdown point and consistency ......................................................... 70
4. Simulation study and discussion ............................................................ 71
5. Example ............................................................................................... 72
Sources of Inaccuracy in the Mean and Variance Models for
Quality Improvement Problems 75
NANN. VUCHKOV AND LIDIAN. BOYADJIEVA
1. Introduction .......................................................................................... 75
2. Inaccuracy due to incorrect regression model structure ......................... 80
XI
3. Inaccuracy due to neglecting the high order error distribution
moments and the high order terms on the variance modeL .................... 82
4. Inaccuracy due to random character of the regression
coefficients estimates........................................................................... 83
II. Reliability and Failure Time Analysis 87
Accelerated Life Test with Some Parameter Change in
Life Stress Relation 89
HUANG WEN-TAO AND LINHUEI-TSAN
1. Introduction .......................................................................................... 89
2. Model aSSU1llptions ............................................................................... 91
3. Examples .............................................................................................. 92
Accurate Inferences for the Reliability Function Considering
Accelerated Life Tests 99
JORGE ALBERTO ACHCAR AND JOSE CARLOS FOGO
1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 99
2. An useful reparametrization for the reliability function at time to ........... 10 1
3. The exponential case ............................................................................ 102
4. An example .......................................................................................... 103
5. Concluding remarks ............................................................................. 107