Industrial psychology

198 Pages·2010·3.61 MB·English

by  Bisen, Vikram, Priyā

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Copyright © 2010, New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers
Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers
All rights reserved.
No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography,
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emailed to [email protected]
ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2964-0
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4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002
Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com
Psychology of industry is the study of human behaviour which gets influenced
by different environmental conditions. These are may be ventilation,
illumination, temperature, noise etc. Industrial Psychology is applied to the
workplace as to measure attitudes of employees and employers, organizational
behaviour, workplace environment and its effects, and much more. Industrial
Psychology is very important in the workplace for promoting productive
worker attitudes and behaviours and for selecting and promoting workers
in the most effective fashion. Psychology plays major role in improving
human relations and also in solving industrial dispute. Psychology also helps
in explaining difference in individuals relating to interests, aptitudes,
specialties, intelligence etc.
Industrial Psychology is a comparatively recent subfield of psychology.
In fact it did not become fully productive until about the late 1920’s. Before
the late 1920’s many people had started to improve the place of work.
Differential psychology, which became popular during First World War, was
initiated for improving the workplace. It focused on how individuals are
different but was not very successful in helping with ones job. The second
idea was experimental psychology. This branch attempted to treat everyone
as the same and tried to define laws in how individuals are similar. But it
was also not successful. The third idea was scientific management. This was
the idea that there is only “one best way” to perform a job. It was based on
the fact that money is a motivator and left out the idea of job satisfaction.
The last factor that helped Industrial Psychology become famous was the
human relations movement. This particular movement wanted to keep
individuals happy through motivation along with job satisfaction.
Industrial psychology is now a subject of study in almost all universities
besides management therefore we feel pleasure to introduce this book, which
will be useful to all such students of graduate and post graduate courses.
Authors
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Preface v
1. INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY 1–5
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Concept and Meaning 1
1.3 Characteristics of Industrial Psychology 2
1.4 Scopes of Industrial Psychology 2
1.5 Historical Development of Industrial Psychology 3
2. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT 6–9
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Scientific Management School 6
3. THE HOWTHRONE STUDIES 10–14
3.1 Introduction 10
3.2 Hawthorne Studies 10
3.3 Implication of Hawthorne Studies 13
3.4 Criticisms of Hawthorne Studies 14
4. TIME AND MOTION STUDY 15–20
4.1 Introduction 15
4.2 Concept and Meaning of Time Study 15
4.3 Aims and Objectives of Time Study 16
4.4 Procedure of Time Study 16
Contents
4.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Time Study 16
4.6 Concept and Meaning of Motion Study 17
4.7 Advantages and Disadvantages of Motion Study 19
4.8 Relation between Motion and Time Study 20
5. MOTIVATION 21–35
5.1 Introduction 21
5.2 Concept and Meaning 22
5.3 Types of Motivation 23
5.4 Motivation Theories 23
5.5 Implication of Motivation Theories in Workplace 28
5.6 Studies on Motivation 30
5.7 Tips for Improving Employee Motivation 33
References 34
6. JOB SATISFACTION 36–42
6.1 Introduction 36
6.2 Concept and Meaning 36
6.3 History of Job Satisfaction 37
6.4 Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction 38
6.5 Consequences of Job Satisfaction/ Dissatisfaction 40
6.6 Tips for Reducing Dissatisfaction 41
6.7 Experimental Studies 41
7. STRESS 43–55
7.1 Introduction 43
7.2 Defining Stress 43
7.3 The Dynamics of Stress 44
7.4 Types of Stress 44
7.5 The Signs of Stress 46
7.6 Causes of Stress 47
7.7 Addressing the Causes of Stress 49
7.8 Workplace Stress 50
7.9 Managing Stress at Workplace 52
References 55
8. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 56–62
8.1 Introduction 56
8.2 Concept and Meaning 56
Contents
8.3 Types of Organizational Culture 58
8.4 Importance of Organizational Culture 59
8.5 Changing Organizational Culture 59
8.6 Matching People with Organizational Culture 60
References 62
9. LEADERSHIP 63–79
9.1 Introduction 63
9.2 Concept and Meaning 63
9.3 Importance of Leadership 64
9.4 Qualities of Good Leader 64
9.5 Principles of Leadership 65
9.6 The Process of Great Leadership 66
9.7 Leadership Theories 66
References 79
10. GROUP DYNAMICS 80–89
10.1 Introduction 80
10.2 Concept and Meaning 80
10.3 Features of Group 81
10.4 Group Formation and Development 82
10.5 Types of Groups 84
10.6 Why Individual Join the Group? 85
10.7 Group Structure 86
10.8 Group Cohesiveness 88
11. WORK ENVIRONMENT 90–99
11.1 Introduction 90
11.2 Concept and Meaning 90
11.3 Requirement of Suitable Working Environment 91
References 99
12. INDUSTRIAL FATIGUE 100–107
12.1 Introduction 100
12.2 Concept and Meaning 100
12.3 Types of Industrial Fatigue 101
12.4 Why do we Get Fatigued? 102