Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Mulberry against Leaf Spot

144 Pages·2015·4.17 MB·English

Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Mulberry
against Leaf Spot (Phloeospora maculans) Disease and its
Biochemical Effect in Leaves

Bandana Mazal

(2009-281-D)

Temperate Sericulture Research Institute
Faculty of Postgraduate Studies
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &
Technology of Kashmir

2014
Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Mulberry
against Leaf Spot (Phloeospora maculans) Disease and its
Biochemical Effect in Leaves

Bandana Mazal

(2009-281-D)

Thesis

Submitted to

The Faculty of Postgraduate Studies
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &
Technology of Kashmir
in partial fulfilment of requirement for the award of the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy in Sericulture

2014

Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Mirgund, Baramulla

Certificate – I

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Induction of Systemic
Acquired Resistance in Mulberry against Leaf Spot (Phloeospora
maculans) Disease and its Biochemical Effect in Leaves” submitted
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in Sericulture, to the Faculty of Postgraduate
Studies, Sher-e-Kahsmir University of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology of Kashmir, is a record of bonafide research work carried
out by Ms. Bandana Mazal (Regd. No. 2009-281-D) under my
supervision and guidance. No part of the thesis has been submitted for
any other degree or diploma.
It is further certified that information received during the course
of investigation has duly been acknowledged.

( Dr. Tasneem Kausar )
Chairperson
Advisory Committee

Endorsed

Prof. & Head,
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute
Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Mirgund, Baramulla

Certificate – II

We, the members of the Advisory committee of Ms. Bandana
Mazal (Regd. No. 2009-281-D), a candidate for the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy in Sericulture, have gone through the manuscript of
the thesis entitled, “Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance in
Mulberry against Leaf Spot (Phloeospora maculans) Disease and
its Biochemical Effect in Leaves” and recommend that it may be
submitted by the student in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the award of degree.
Advisory Committee

Chairperson Dr. Tasneem Kausar
Professor, Temperate Sericulture Research
Institute, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir
Members
Dr. Afifa. S. Kamili
Director Extension Education,
SKUAST-Kashmir

Dr. F.A. Banday,
Professor & Head, Division of Fruit Science,
SKUAST-Kashmir

Dr. Shakeel Ahmad Mir
Head, Division of Agri-Statistics,
SKUAST-Kashmir

Dr. A.G. Najar,
Associate Professor, Temperate Sericulture
Research Institute, Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir

Dean PG Nominee Dr. Tahir Ali,
Professor & Head, Division of Soil Science,
SKUAST-Kashmir
Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Mirgund, Baramulla

Certificate – III

This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “Induction of
Systemic Acquired Resistance in Mulberry against Leaf Spot
(Phloeospora maculans) Disease and its Biochemical Effect in
Leaves” submitted by Ms. Bandana Mazal (Regd. No. 2009-281-D)
to the Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, Sher-e-Kashmir University of
Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy in Sericulture was examined and approved by the
Advisory Committee and external examiner on ………………..

Chairperson External Examiner
Advisory Committee

Prof. & Head
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute

Director Education
SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar
Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, Mirgund, Baramulla

Name of the student : Bandana Mazal
Registration No. : 2009-281-D
Major subject : Sericulture
Minor subjects : Fruit Science/Soil Science
Major advisor : Dr. Tasneem Kausar
Professor,
Temperate Sericulture Research Institute,
Mirgund, SKUAST-Kashmir
Title of the Thesis : “Induction of Systemic Acquired
Resistance in Mulberry against Leaf Spot
(Phloeospora maculans) Disease and its
Biochemical Effect in Leaves”

ABSTRACT
Investigations on “Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Mulberry
against Leaf Spot (Phloeospora maculans) Disease and its Biochemical Effect in
Leaves” were carried out during 2011-2012. Fungus causing leaf spot was isolated
from infected leaves on potato dextrose agar medium. It was observed that culture
was very slow to grow and sporulated only under high humidity conditions at high
temperature (25-35oC). The optimal temperature for fungal growth was
ascertained 25±1oC. The pathogenicity of the fungus was proved by following
Koch’s Postulates. The typical diseased spots were developed on potted plants
within 10-14 days. In green house, seven SAR chemicals along with fungicide
carbendazim at three different concentrations were evaluated against the leaf spot.
All the tested SAR chemicals reduced the incidence and intensity significantly at
all the concentrations, but least incidence and intensity was observed at higher
concentrations of all the tested chemicals except calcium chloride @ 15 mg/ml,
where phytotoxity was observed. Disease incidence ranged from 12.59 to 51.97
per cent at 45 days after sprouting and 13.21 to 64.78 per cent at 70 days after
sprouting. Disease intensity ranged from 10.48 to 42.30 per cent at 45 days after
sprouting and 12.70 to 51.52 per cent at 70 days after sprouting. Minimum disease
incidence and intensity with maximum per cent disease control was observed in
BABA @ 2.0 mg/ml was proved most effective SAR chemical having minimum
incidence 12.59 to13.21 per cent and intensity 10.48 to 12.70 per cent with highest
disease control 75.22 to 75.33 per cent both at 45 and 70 days after sprouting
respectively fallowed by carbendazim @ 0.5mg/ml with disease control 71.58
to73.03 per cent. Similar results were obtained from field also. Disease incidence
ranged from 10.47 to 34.04 per cent at 45 days after sprouting and 13.05 to 51.32
per cent at 70 days after sprouting. Disease intensity ranged from 7.05 to 28.03
per cent at 45 days after sprouting and 9.29 to 36.99 per cent at 70 days after
sprouting. Minimum disease incidence and intensity with maximum per cent
disease control was observed in BABA (2.0 mg/ml) fallowed by carbendazim (0.5
mg/ml), INA (2.0 mg/ml) and salicylic acid (1.5 mg/ml). Among all elicitors
tested, β-Amino butyric acid induced greater systemic resistance in mulberry.
Biochemical parameters viz., crude proteins, total carbohydrates, chlorophyll-a,
chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll, moisture and ash content decreased in
infected leaves, where as all these parameters increased in SAR treated and
healthy leaves in comparison to diseased leaves. In case of diseased leaves the
phenols shows substantial increase as compared to healthy leaves and SAR treated
leaves. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content also decreased in diseased
leaves as compared to SAR treated and healthy leaves.

Key words : Biochemical, Leaf spot, Mulberry, Phloeospora maculans and
SAR.

Signature of Student Signature of Major Advisor
Dated : ___________ Dated: ________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

‘I thank God for the incredible energy; Clarity and support I received in
bringing forth this work’
N o one who achieves success does without acknowledging the help of others. A
true guide is a person who makes us to create our own milestones, rather than
follow footsteps of others. It is with adnascent pleasure that I reiterate my
eternal gratitude to the chairman of my advisory committee, Dr. Tasneem
Kausar, Professor, Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, SKUAST-Kashmir,
Mirgund for her impeccable guidance, constant encouragement, meticulous suggestions
and generous help during entire course of this research, which resulted in its successful
completion.
With the same spirit and respect I would like to express my deep sense of
gratitude to members of my advisory committee, Dr. Afifa S. Kamili, Director,
Extension Education, SKUAST-Kashmir; Dr. F.A. Banday, Professor & Head,
Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-Kashmir; Dr. S.A. Mir, Head, Division of Agri-
Statistics, SKUAST-Kashmir; Dr. A.G. Najar, Associate Professor, Temperate
Sericulture Research Institute, SKUAST-Kashmir, Mirgund for their valuable
suggestions and advice during the study programme and for finalization of the
manuscript. I extend my sincere thanks to Dr. Tahir Ali, Professor & Head, Division
of Soil Science, SKUAST-Kashmir (Dean P.G Nominee) for his benevolent help and
constant encouragement during the entire course of my investigation.
It is my privilege to place on record my profound gratitude to Dr. Manzoor
Malik, Professor and Head, Temperate Sericulture Research Institute, SKUAST-
Kashmir, Mirgund for his valuable suggestions, constructive criticism, encouragement
and affection throughout my course work and research programme.
I am extremely thankful to Dr. Imtiyaz Murtaza, Associate Professor,
Division of Post Harvest Technology and Dr. K.A. Sahaf, Director, CSRTI, Pampore
for lending their cooperation in research work, without their help it was not possible.
I am highly grateful to all the Faculty members of Temperate Sericulture
Research Institute, SKUAST-Kashmir, Mirgund especially Dr. Mushtaq Rasool, Dr.
M.F. Baqual, Dr. Nisar Ganai, Dr. R.K. Sharma, Dr. Zia-ul-Haq and Dr. G.N.
Malik for their constant encouragement, support and guidance during the study
programme.
I am also thankful to all the Technical and Non-Teaching staff members
especially Mr. Javaid Ahmed, Mr. Fida Hussain, Mrs. Nasreen and Mrs. Rufia for
their help and support.
I also extend thanks to my colleagues and friends Mrs. Parvez Gulzar, Ms.
Sabina Afzal, Dr. Ashraf, Dr. Masrat, Mrs. Kunzang, Ms. Munaza Mehraz, Ms.
Shahida, Ms. Arifa, Ms. Irfana, Mrs. Monisa, Mrs. Nasreen, Ms. Gazala, Dr.
Rinchen Zangmo, Ms. Neelam, Ms. Rupa, Ms. Dimming, Ms. Stanzin, Ms. Saima,
Ms. Rameesa, Ms. Kousar, Ms. Aisha, Ms. Shazia and all hostel girls for their
corporation, appreciation, courage and nice company during the course of my study.
I place on record my thanks to worthy Vice Chancellor Dr. Tej Partap and
Director Resident Instruction-Cum-Dean Post Graduate Studies Prof. Badrul Hassan
for their help and cooperation in this endeavour.
The learning scenario for pursuit of academic health provided by Central
Library, SKUAST-K and Library of the Temperate Sericulture Research Institute,
Mirgund is sincerely acknowledged.
I find myself hard pressed for words to reciprocate the immense affection,
moral support, good wishes and sustained help offered to me by my beloved parents,
Mr. Prem Nath and Mrs. Shanti Devi; my father and mother-in-law Mr. Hans Raj
and Mrs. Krishana Devi which easened me endeavour.
I am highly indebted to my husband Mr. Vinayak Bhardwaj and son Vishesh
for their corporation, enduring patience, meticulous encouragement to undertake and
complete this project at the cost of their personal convenience and comfort.
With due reverence, love and gratitude, I express my special thanks to my
brother Mr. Vikas for his support and affection.
A venture of this magnitude requires a great deal of help, over a wide period
of time, from many people. This number is so big that I am likely to miss, owing to my
not-so-perfect memory, the names of at least some of them. To them, I offer my most
sincere apologies.
Finally I extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Younus Ahmad Bhat
M/S Universal Computers, Shalimar for taking lot of pains and care in composing this
manuscript beautifully in shortest possible time.
Bandana Mazal
Place: Shalimar
Dated: