Induced Resistance for Plant Defense: A Sustainable Approach to Crop Protection

355 Pages·2014·2.8 MB·English

by  Dale R. Walters

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Induced Resistance for Plant Defense
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Induced Resistance for Plant Defense
A Sustainable Approach to Crop Protection
Second Edition
Edited by
Dale R. Walters
Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK
Adrian C. Newton
James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
Gary D. Lyon
Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2014©2014byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Inducedresistanceforplantdefense:asustainableapproachtocropprotection/editedbyDaleR.Walters,Adrian
C.Newton,GaryD.Lyon.–Secondedition.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-118-37183-1(cloth)
1. Plants–Diseaseandpestresistance–Geneticaspects. 2. Plants–Diseaseandpestresistance–Molecular
aspects. I. Walters,Dale. II. Newton,AdrianC. III. Lyon,Gary(GaryD.)
SB750.I47452015
632′.3–dc23
2014015270
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbe
availableinelectronicbooks.
Coverimage:HansvanPeltandCornéPieterse.
Setin10/12ptTimesbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India
1 2014
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Contents
Contributors xiii
PrefacetoSecondEdition xvii
PrefacetoFirstEdition xix
1 Introduction:DefinitionsandSomeHistory 1
RayHammerschmidt
1.1 InducedResistance:AnEstablishedPhenomenon 1
1.2 TerminologyandTypesofInducedResistance 2
1.2.1 Localandsystemicinductionofresistance 2
1.2.2 Systemicacquiredresistance(SAR)andinducedsystemic
resistance(ISR) 2
1.2.3 Protection 3
1.2.4 Crossprotection 3
1.2.5 Priming 4
1.3 ALittleHistory 4
1.3.1 Earlyreports 4
1.3.2 Developmentsleadingtowardstoday’sstateofknowledge 5
1.4 It’sAllAboutInteractions 7
1.5 Acknowledgements 8
References 8
2 AgentsThatCanElicitInducedResistance 11
GaryD.Lyon
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 CompoundsInducingResistance 12
2.2.1 Acibenzolar-S-methyl(ASM) 12
2.2.2 Adipicacid 12
2.2.3 Algalextracts 12
2.2.4 Alkamides 12
2.2.5 Allose 13
2.2.6 Antibiotics 13
2.2.7 Azelaicacid 13
2.2.8 DL-3-Aminobutyricacid(BABA) 13
2.2.9 Benzothiadiazole(BTH)andothersyntheticresistanceinducers 14
2.2.10 Bestcure® 15
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2.2.11 Brassinolide 15
2.2.12 β-1,4Cellodextrins 15
2.2.13 Chitin 15
2.2.14 Chitosan 16
2.2.15 Cholicacid 16
2.2.16 Curdlansulfate 17
2.2.17 Dehydroabietinal 17
2.2.18 3,5-Dichloroanthranilicacid(DCA) 17
2.2.19 Dichloroisonicotinicacid(INA) 17
2.2.20 Dimethyldisulfide 17
2.2.21 Dufulin 17
2.2.22 Ergosterol 17
2.2.23 Ethylene 17
2.2.24 Fattyacidsandlipids 18
2.2.25 2-(2-Fluoro-6-nitrobenzylsulfanyl)pyridine-4-carbothioamide 18
2.2.26 Fructooligosaccharide 18
2.2.27 Fungicides 18
2.2.28 Galactinol 19
2.2.29 Grapemarc 19
2.2.30 Glucans 19
2.2.31 Harpin 20
2.2.32 Hexanoicacid 20
2.2.33 Imprimatin 20
2.2.34 INF1elicitin 21
2.2.35 Jasmonatesandrelatedcompounds 21
2.2.36 Cis-jasmone 21
2.2.37 Laminarin 21
2.2.38 Lipids/fattyacids 21
2.2.39 Lipopolysaccharides(LPS) 22
2.2.40 Nitricoxide 22
2.2.41 Oligo-carrageenans 22
2.2.42 Oligogalacturonides(OGAs) 22
2.2.43 Oligoglucuronans 23
2.2.44 Oxalate 23
2.2.45 Phosphite 23
2.2.46 Phytogard® 23
2.2.47 Pipecolicacid 23
2.2.48 Plantextracts 23
2.2.49 Probenazole(PBZ) 24
2.2.50 Proteinsandpeptides 24
2.2.51 Psicose 26
2.2.52 Rhamnolipids 26
2.2.53 Saccharin 26
2.2.54 Salicylicacid 26
2.2.55 Silicon 27
2.2.56 Spermine 27
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Contents vii
2.2.57 Sphingolipids 27
2.2.58 Sulfatedfucanoligosaccharides 27
2.2.59 Tiadinil 27
2.2.60 Vitamins 27
2.2.61 Volatileorganiccompounds 28
2.3 RedoxRegulation 28
2.3.1 Factorsaffectingefficacy 29
2.4 ElicitorCombinationsandSynergism 29
2.5 Assays 30
2.6 Conclusions 30
References 31
3 TranscriptomeAnalysisofInducedResistance 41
BrendanKidd,KemalKazanandPeerM.Schenk
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 TheImpactofArabidopsisthalianaonInducedResistance 42
3.3 TechniquesUsedforStudyingGeneExpression 42
3.3.1 ESTsequencing 42
3.3.2 Real-timequantitativeRT-PCR(qRT-PCR) 42
3.3.3 cDNAmicroarraysandDNAchips 43
3.3.4 Novelinsightsintoinducedresistancerevealedthroughmicroarray
analysis 45
3.3.5 Systemsbiologyandnetworkapproachesusingmicroarrays 48
3.3.6 Next-generationsequencing 48
3.4 HowSequencingHelpsCropResearch 50
3.4.1 Convertingknowledgefrommodelorganismstocropplants 50
3.5 Conclusion 51
3.6 Acknowledgements 52
References 52
4 SignallingNetworksInvolvedinInducedResistance 58
CornéM.J.Pieterse,ChristosZamioudis,DieuwertjeVanderDoesand
SaskiaC.M.VanWees
4.1 Introduction 58
4.2 TheSA–JABackboneofthePlantImmuneSignallingNetwork 59
4.2.1 Salicylicacid 60
4.2.2 Jasmonicacid 61
4.3 SAandJA:ImportantSignalsinSystemicallyInducedDefence 63
4.3.1 Pathogen-inducedSAR 63
4.3.2 ISRtriggeredbybeneficialmicrobes 64
4.3.3 Rhizobacteria-ISRsignaltransduction 65
4.4 ISRandPrimingforEnhancedDefence 66
4.4.1 Molecularmechanismsofpriming 67
4.5 HormonalCrosstalkDuringInducedDefence 68
4.5.1 MechanismsofcrosstalkbetweenSAandJAsignalling 69
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4.5.2 Rewiringofthehormonesignallingnetworkbyplantenemies 70
4.6 Outlook 71
4.7 Acknowledgements 71
References 72
5 TypesandMechanismsofRapidlyInducedPlantResistancetoHerbivorous
Arthropods 81
MichaelJ.Stout
5.1 Introduction:InducedResistanceinContext 81
5.2 ComparisonoftheThreatsPosedbyPathogensandHerbivores 83
5.3 TypesofInducedResistance 85
5.3.1 Hypersensitiveresponses 85
5.3.2 Directinducedresistance 86
5.3.3 Indirectinducedresistance 88
5.3.4 Plantstress-inducedresistance 90
5.3.5 Tolerance 91
5.3.6 Priming 91
5.3.7 Interplantsignalling 92
5.3.8 Concurrentexpressionofmultipletypesofinducedresistance 92
5.4 EstablishingtheCausalBasisofInducedResistance 93
5.4.1 Thecomplexcausalbasisofinducedresistance 93
5.4.2 Approachestounderstandingthecausalbasisofinducedresistance 95
5.5 ArthropodsasDynamicParticipantsinPlant–ArthropodInteractions 98
5.6 SummaryandConclusions 99
References 100
6 MechanismsofDefencetoPathogens:BiochemistryandPhysiology 106
ChristopheGarcion,OlivierLamotte,Jean-LucCacasandJean-PierreMétraux
6.1 Introduction 106
6.2 StructuralBarriers 106
6.2.1 Earlyevents:Thecytoskeletonandtrafficofvesicles 107
6.2.2 Thenatureofcellwallappositions 108
6.2.3 Lignification 109
6.3 Phytoalexins 109
6.3.1 Theconceptofphytoalexins 109
6.3.2 Distributionofphytoalexinsamongtaxonsandindividuals 110
6.3.3 Biosyntheticpathwaysandtheirregulation 110
6.3.4 Roleofthephytoalexinsinthedefenceresponse 113
6.4 TheHypersensitiveResponse(HR) 115
6.4.1 Inthedeathcar–enroutetoplantresistancetopathogens 115
6.4.2 Theroleofreactiveoxygenandnitrogenspecies(ROSandRNS) 116
6.4.3 Onthehighwayofhypersensitivecelldeath:Signallingand
regulation 118
6.4.4 Licensetokill:Wheredowestandonexecutionofhypersensitive
celldeath? 120