Indoor Environmental Quality and Health Risk toward Healthier Environment for All PDF
Preview Indoor Environmental Quality and Health Risk toward Healthier Environment for All
Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Reiko Kishi Dan Norbäck Atsuko Araki Editors Indoor Environmental Quality and Health Risk toward Healthier Environment for All Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Series Editor Takemi Otsuki Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Okayama, Japan Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, published in partnership with the Japanese Society of Hygiene, is designed to deliver well written volumes authored by experts from around the globe, covering the prevention and environmental health related to medical, biological, molecular biological, genetic, physical, psychosocial, chemical, and other environmental factors. The series will be a valuable resource to both new and established researchers, as well as students who are seeking comprehensive information on environmental health and health promotion. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13556 Reiko Kishi • Dan Norbäck • Atsuko Araki Editors Indoor Environmental Quality and Health Risk toward Healthier Environment for All Editors Reiko Kishi Dan Norbäck Hokkaido University Uppsala University Center for Environmental and Health Department of Medical Sciences Sciences Uppsala Sapporo Sweden Hokkaido Japan Atsuko Araki Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences Sapporo Hokkaido Japan ISSN 2364-8333 ISSN 2364-8341 (electronic) Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ISBN 978-981-32-9181-2 ISBN 978-981-32-9182-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9182-9 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface In modern days, especially in urban areas, people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. Thus, indoor air quality becomes a key issue in order to achieve and main- tain a good health. Moreover, indoor air pollutants and “problem” building environ- ment can be related to discomfort and annoyance among occupants. This book is designed to help those interested in knowing how the indoor environment can influ- ence the health of the inhabitants in different indoor environments. Indoor Environmental Quality and Health Risk Toward Healthier Environment for All is structured as a guide and a reference to prevent indoor environmental problems, which can cause impaired health. Part I (Chapter 1) provides an overall introduction to the importance of indoor environmental qualities referring to the historical background. The World Health Organization (WHO) has clarified that a good indoor environment is an important factor for health. The authors discuss how good indoor environment can be achieved. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a global issue are described. Part II summarizes the existing knowledge from epidemiological studies on associations between indoor air quality and health in various settings. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on sick building syndrome (SBS) in home environmental settings and symptoms of building-related illness (BRI) such as asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis. Although people spend about one-third of their time at home, other indoor environments are also important. In Chap. 4, issues related to the indoor environment in offices are discussed. In this chapter, the authors cover topics from classical issues, such as thermal conditions and ventilation, as well as noise, lighting, and the view through windows, to recent topics on new office concepts and layout. Schools and day care centers are focused upon in Chap. 5. This chapter describes the health concern in relation to dampness and microbial expo- sure, furry pet allergens, chemical emissions, and ventilation flow in schools and day care centers. In the modern society, people spend more time in vehicles for commuting and other transportation needs. The indoor environment in cars, tram, buses, subways, aircraft, and boats is described in Chap. 6. In Part III, the authors focus on specific risk factors in the indoor environment and their impact on health. Major chemical indoor pollutants, such as aldehydes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are discussed in Chap. 7. Chapter 8 focuses on v vi Preface semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), such as phthalates and flame retardants, which are considered as emerging contaminants in many indoor environments. Chapter 9 focuses on microbial agents including mold, bacteria, and microbial com- pounds, including endotoxin, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) of microbial origin, microbial VOCs (MVOCs). Dampness is common in indoor environments and is related to indoor growth of mold and bacteria as well as chemical degradation of building materials. Dampness is a consistent risk factor for SBS and BRI, and the health consequences of dampness are described in Chap. 10. Particulate matter (PM) and inorganic gaseous chemicals such as nitrogen dioxide (NO ) and sulfur 2 dioxide (SO) are emitted from industrial activities, traffic exhaust, gas cooking, 2 biomass burning, and other indoor and outdoor sources. In Chap. 11, the author reviews the literature on PM, NO and SO indoors, and their relation to health. In 2 2 contrast to developed countries, people in many developing countries still rely on solid fuel for cooking, causing heavy indoor exposure to PM. Household air pollu- tion (HAP) from the combustion of fuels is known to have a major impact on health, and this issue is discussed in Chap. 12. Chapter 13 covers the issue of indoor ther- mal environment. Both cold and heat are related to increased mortality in the popu- lation, and the authors review current evidence to discuss the key factors associated with control of indoor thermal environment. Chapters in Part IV focus on how to improve the indoor environment and indoor air quality. Part IV begins with Chap. 14. In this chapter, the relationship between indoor air quality, thermal environment, and the occupants health together with the countermeasures with building envelope and equipment to prevent the health prob- lems as an architectural view are described. Personal factors and organizational factors can influence the SBS. Personality traits and psychosocial risk factors and recommendations linked to these aspects are discussed in Chap. 15. Part IV of the book ends with Chap. 16, which summarizes guidelines and regulations for indoor environmental quality. Moreover, the author suggests a novel approach to health risk assessment using environmental biomarkers. Finally, Part V, the last chapter of the book (Chap. 17) focuses on future directions of research on IAQ and health. Important future issues are the need of intervention studies, the challenge of new building materials, new building technologies, and the consequences of global warming and increased energy saving in buildings for the indoor environment. The book presents a unique overview of indoor environment and indoor air qual- ity. The reader will develop an understanding of the latest concepts and findings regarding the impact of indoor environment and indoor air pollution on human health. Although the book focuses more on epidemiology than engineering, it also includes practical aspects on how to improve the indoor environment. It is our desire that the reader will gain new knowledge as well as enjoy reading this book. Sapporo, Japan Reiko Kishi Uppsala, Sweden Dan Norbäck Sapporo, Japan Atsuko Araki Contents Part I Introduction 1 Importance of Indoor Environmental Quality on Human Health toward Achievement of the SDGs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Reiko Kishi and Atsuko Araki Part II E pidemiological Studies on Indoor Air Quality and Health 2 Sick Building/House Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Yasuaki Saijo 3 Associations with Home Environment for Asthma, Rhinitis and Dermatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Juan Wang 4 Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Jan Vilhelm Bakke and Knut Inge Fostervold 5 The Indoor Environment in Schools, Kindergartens and Day Care Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Motoko Takaoka and Dan Norbäck 6 In-Vehicle Exposures at Transportation and the Health Concerns . . 113 Xi Fu Part III Factors Determining Indoor Air Qualities and Their Health Impacts 7 Aldehydes, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and Health. . . . . . 129 Atsuko Araki, Rahel Mesfin Ketema, Yu Ait Bamai, and Reiko Kishi 8 Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs): Phthalates and Phosphorous Frame Retardants and Health Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Yu Ait Bamai vii viii Contents 9 Microbial Agents in the Indoor Environment: Associations with Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Dan Norbäck and Gui-Hong Cai 10 Dampness, Indoor Mould and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Dan Norbäck 11 Particles Matter, Nitrogen Dioxide and Sulfur Dioxide . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Xin Zhang 12 Combustion and Cookstoves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Sumal Nandasena, A. R. Wickremasinghe, and Nalini Sathiakumar 13 Indoor Thermal Environment and Cardiovascular Diseases . . . . . . . 251 Keigo Saeki and Kenji Obayashi Part IV P rovision for Improving Indoor Environment Quality and Health 14 Housing Performance and Equipment for Healthy Indoor Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Hiroshi Yoshino 15 Sick Building Syndrome (SBS), Personality, Psychosocial Factors and Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 Roma Runeson-Broberg 16 Guidelines and Regulations for Indoor Environmental Quality . . . . 303 Kenichi Azuma Part V C onclusion 17 Future Directions of Research on Indoor Environment, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Dan Norbäck Part I Introduction
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