Indonesian Living Standards Before and After the Financial Crisis

426 Pages·2010·1.74 MB·English

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Indonesian
Living Standards
Before and After the Financial Crisis
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The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) was established as an
autonomous organization in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of
socio-political, security and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia
and its wider geostrategic and economic environment.
The Institute’s research programmes are the Regional Economic Studies
(RES, including ASEAN and APEC), Regional Strategic and Political Studies
(RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS).
The Institute is governed by a twenty-two-member Board of Trustees
comprising nominees from the Singapore Government, the National University
of Singapore, the Chambers of Commerce, and professional and civic
organizations. An Executive Committee oversees day-to-day operations; it is
chaired by the Director, the Institute’s chief academic and administrative officer.
Indonesian
Living Standards
Before and After the Financial Crisis
John Strauss • Kathleen Beegle • Agus Dwiyanto • Yulia Herawati
Daan Pattinasarany • Elan Satriawan • Bondan Sikoki
Sukamdi • Firman Witoelar
LABOR AND POPULATION
Center for the Study of the Family in Economic Development
INSTITUTE OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES
Singapore
UNIVERSITY OF GADJAH MADA
Yogyakarta
First published in Singapore in 2004 by
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace
Pasir Panjang
Singapore 119614
E-mail:
Contents
List of Figures viii
List of Tables xi
Acknowledgements xx
List of Authors xxii
Chapter 1 The Financial Crisis in Indonesia 1
Chapter 2 IFLS Description and Representativeness 6
Selection of households 6
Selection of respondents within households 9
Selection of facilities 10
Comparison of IFLS sample composition
with SUSENAS 10
Chapter 3 Levels of Poverty and Per Capita Expenditure 20
Dynamics of poverty and pce 38
Summary 47
Appendix 3A Calculation of Deflators and
Poverty Lines 50
Appendix 3B Tests of Stochastic Dominance 56
Chapter 4 Individual Subjective Standards of Living
and the Crisis 63
Summary 67
Chapter 5 Employment and Wages 70
Employment 70
Wages 83
Child labour 91
Summary 100
v
vi CONTENTS
Chapter 6 Education 108
Education utilization 108
School quality and fees 119
Summary 130
Chapter 7 Health Outcomes and Risk Factors 133
Child height-for-age 135
Child weight-for-height 147
Child blood haemoglobin 153
Self- and parent-reported child health measures 159
Adult body mass index 165
Adult blood pressure 173
Smoking 173
Adult blood haemoglobin 196
General health and physical functioning 202
Summary 202
Chapter 8 Health Input Utilization 238
Summary 249
Chapter 9 Health Service Delivery 266
Service delivery and fees at puskesmas and
private practitioners 266
Service delivery and fees at posyandu 281
Summary 289
Chapter 10 Family Planning 292
Trends and patterns in contraceptive use 292
Sources of contraceptive supplies 300
Summary 303
Chapter 11 Family Planning Services 308
Provision of family planning services in public
and private facilities 308
Fees for the provision of family planning services 311
Provision of family planning services by posyandu 314
Summary 314
vi
CONTENTS vii
Chapter 12 Social Safety Net Programmes 316
Programme descriptions 316
Incidence, values and targeting of JPS assistance 322
Summary 360
Chapter 13 Decentralization 366
Budgets and revenues 368
Decision-making 370
Chapter 14 Conclusions 386
References 389
Index 395
vii
List of Figures
Fig. 1.1 Timing of the IFLS and the Rp/USD Exchange Rate 2
Fig. 1.2 Food Price Index (January 1997=100) 3
Fig. 3.1 Poverty Incidence Curves: 1997 and 2000 29
Fig. 3.2 Poverty Incidence Curves in Urban and
Rural Areas: 1997 and 2000 31
Fig. 3.3 Log Per Capita Expenditure 1997 and 2000
for Panel Individuals 43
Appendix Log Per Capita Expenditure 1997 and 2000
Fig. 3.1 for Panel Individuals in Urban and Rural Areas 54
Fig. 5.1 CDF of Market and Self-Employment Log
Wages in 1997 and 2000 for Men 87
Fig. 5.2 CDF of Market and Self-Employment Log
Wages in 1997 and 2000 for Women 88
Fig. 7.1 Adult Height by Birth Cohorts 1900–1980 136
Fig. 7.2 Child Standardized Height-for-Age, 3–108 Months 138
Fig. 7.3 CDF of Child Standardized Height-for-Age
for 3–17 Months 140
Fig. 7.4 CDF of Child Standardized Height-for-Age
for 18–35 Months 141
Fig. 7.5 CDF of Child Standardized Height-for-Age
for 36–59 Months 142
Fig. 7.6 Child Standardized Weight-for-Height, 3–108 Months 148
Fig. 7.7 CDF of Child Standardized Weight-for-Height
for 3–17 Months 150
Fig. 7.8 CDF of Child Standardized Weight-for-Height
for 18–35 Months 151
Fig. 7.9 CDF of Child Standardized Weight-for-Height
for 36–59 Months 152
viii