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Indonesian Living Standards Before and After the Financial Crisis PDF

426 Pages·2010·1.74 MB·English
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CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS This PDF document was made available CIVIL JUSTICE from www.rand.org as a public service of EDUCATION the RAND Corporation. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE Jump down to document6 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS POPULATION AND AGING The RAND Corporation is a nonproft PUBLIC SAFETY research organization providing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY objective analysis and effective SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND solutions that address the challenges HOMELAND SECURITY facing the public and private sectors TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE around the world. U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Labor and Population View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non- commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research fndings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Indonesian Living Standards Before and After the Financial Crisis The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. RAND publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. “RAND” is a registered trademark. This product is part of the RAND Corporation’s monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) was established as an autonomous organization in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are the Regional Economic Studies (RES, including ASEAN and APEC), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). The Institute is governed by a twenty-two-member Board of Trustees comprising nominees from the Singapore Government, the National University of Singapore, the Chambers of Commerce, and professional and civic organizations. An Executive Committee oversees day-to-day operations; it is chaired by the Director, the Institute’s chief academic and administrative officer. Indonesian Living Standards Before and After the Financial Crisis John Strauss • Kathleen Beegle • Agus Dwiyanto • Yulia Herawati Daan Pattinasarany • Elan Satriawan • Bondan Sikoki Sukamdi • Firman Witoelar LABOR AND POPULATION Center for the Study of the Family in Economic Development INSTITUTE OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES Singapore UNIVERSITY OF GADJAH MADA Yogyakarta First published in Singapore in 2004 by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Pasir Panjang Singapore 119614 E-mail: Contents List of Figures viii List of Tables xi Acknowledgements xx List of Authors xxii Chapter 1 The Financial Crisis in Indonesia 1 Chapter 2 IFLS Description and Representativeness 6 Selection of households 6 Selection of respondents within households 9 Selection of facilities 10 Comparison of IFLS sample composition with SUSENAS 10 Chapter 3 Levels of Poverty and Per Capita Expenditure 20 Dynamics of poverty and pce 38 Summary 47 Appendix 3A Calculation of Deflators and Poverty Lines 50 Appendix 3B Tests of Stochastic Dominance 56 Chapter 4 Individual Subjective Standards of Living and the Crisis 63 Summary 67 Chapter 5 Employment and Wages 70 Employment 70 Wages 83 Child labour 91 Summary 100 v vi CONTENTS Chapter 6 Education 108 Education utilization 108 School quality and fees 119 Summary 130 Chapter 7 Health Outcomes and Risk Factors 133 Child height-for-age 135 Child weight-for-height 147 Child blood haemoglobin 153 Self- and parent-reported child health measures 159 Adult body mass index 165 Adult blood pressure 173 Smoking 173 Adult blood haemoglobin 196 General health and physical functioning 202 Summary 202 Chapter 8 Health Input Utilization 238 Summary 249 Chapter 9 Health Service Delivery 266 Service delivery and fees at puskesmas and private practitioners 266 Service delivery and fees at posyandu 281 Summary 289 Chapter 10 Family Planning 292 Trends and patterns in contraceptive use 292 Sources of contraceptive supplies 300 Summary 303 Chapter 11 Family Planning Services 308 Provision of family planning services in public and private facilities 308 Fees for the provision of family planning services 311 Provision of family planning services by posyandu 314 Summary 314 vi CONTENTS vii Chapter 12 Social Safety Net Programmes 316 Programme descriptions 316 Incidence, values and targeting of JPS assistance 322 Summary 360 Chapter 13 Decentralization 366 Budgets and revenues 368 Decision-making 370 Chapter 14 Conclusions 386 References 389 Index 395 vii List of Figures Fig. 1.1 Timing of the IFLS and the Rp/USD Exchange Rate 2 Fig. 1.2 Food Price Index (January 1997=100) 3 Fig. 3.1 Poverty Incidence Curves: 1997 and 2000 29 Fig. 3.2 Poverty Incidence Curves in Urban and Rural Areas: 1997 and 2000 31 Fig. 3.3 Log Per Capita Expenditure 1997 and 2000 for Panel Individuals 43 Appendix Log Per Capita Expenditure 1997 and 2000 Fig. 3.1 for Panel Individuals in Urban and Rural Areas 54 Fig. 5.1 CDF of Market and Self-Employment Log Wages in 1997 and 2000 for Men 87 Fig. 5.2 CDF of Market and Self-Employment Log Wages in 1997 and 2000 for Women 88 Fig. 7.1 Adult Height by Birth Cohorts 1900–1980 136 Fig. 7.2 Child Standardized Height-for-Age, 3–108 Months 138 Fig. 7.3 CDF of Child Standardized Height-for-Age for 3–17 Months 140 Fig. 7.4 CDF of Child Standardized Height-for-Age for 18–35 Months 141 Fig. 7.5 CDF of Child Standardized Height-for-Age for 36–59 Months 142 Fig. 7.6 Child Standardized Weight-for-Height, 3–108 Months 148 Fig. 7.7 CDF of Child Standardized Weight-for-Height for 3–17 Months 150 Fig. 7.8 CDF of Child Standardized Weight-for-Height for 18–35 Months 151 Fig. 7.9 CDF of Child Standardized Weight-for-Height for 36–59 Months 152 viii

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