Indo-Pacific migrants into the Mediterranean. 4. Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886) and Cerithidium perparvulum (Watson, 1886) (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda)

2006·1.4 MB·English

by  Van Aartsen, J J

BASTERIA,70: 33-39,2006
Indo-Pacificmigrants into theMediterranean.4.
Cerithidiumdiplax (Watson,1886)andCerithidiumperparvulum (Watson, 1886)
(Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda)
J.J. vanAartsen
National MuseumofNaturalHistoryNaturalis,P.O.Box 9517,NL2300RALeiden, TheNetherlands;
[email protected].
Itis shownthatthere aretwodifferent Cerithidium species ofIndo-Pacificoriginlivinginthe
Mediterranean. Thesearetobe namedCerithidiumdiplax(Watson, 1886)and Cerithidium per-
parvulum(Watson,1886)respectively.BothspeciesarecomparedwithCerithidium ferruginea(A.
Adams,1860)and Bitium furvum(Watson,1886).Lectotypesofallthesespeciesaredesignated
and figured.Figures ofCerithidium fusca(A.Adams,1860)andCerithidium submammillatum (De
Rayneval &Ponzi,1854)aregivenforcomparison.
Key words; Gastropoda,Caenogastropoda, Cerithiidae, Cerithidium, Bittium,Indo-Pacific,
Mediterranean,migrantspecies.
INTRODUCTION
CBarashl&aDanin(1t977h: 91, 109rfig.o5)wereftheefirst tornecord theespeciels la
reticulata (A. Adams, 1860) fromtheMediterranean.They were not quite sureabout the
identificationandwrote "The determinationmayhoweverbe consideredtentative".
Thisrecord isrepeated by thesameauthors(1992:76fig.77). Atthesametime (1992:
77 fig.78) thespecies Cerithidium submammillatum(De Rayneval &Ponzi, 1854)is men-
honedasanewrecord fortheMediterraneancoastofIsrael.Comparing thefigures77and
78it seems morethanlikelythatwe dealherewiththesamespecies, showing aboutfive
spiralsand (fig.77) evenadarkertop.
Although I couldstudy most of the Indo-Pacific migrants mentionedby Barash&
DaninfromIsrael Inever didseethe specimen onwhichBarash&Danin(1977: 91, 109
fig. 5) based theirfigure. Thisspecimen was recently found in TAU with theoriginal
handwriting of prof. A. Barash[Clathrofenella reticulata/ Haifa Bay, -40m/ 11.07.74/Reg.
NumberMO809(formerly TAU 35)]. The specimen belongs to Cerithidiumsubmammilla-
tum indeedasalready suspected.
In the meantime Habe (1977:157,158) studied the type specimens of a numberof
Clathrofenellaspecies describedbyA.Adams(1860)andhousedin theBritishMuseum.He
concludedthatDunkeriafusca, Dunkeria asperulata and Dunkeriareticulatabelonged toone
variablespecies for whichhe proposed to use the nameClathrofenella fusca (A. Adams,
1860).
Thissynonymy has recently been confirmedby Hasegawa (1998: 176). Habe (1977:
158)wasnotconvinced abouttheposition ofDunkeria ferruginea Adams,I860,because
hewrites"D.ferrugineaiA.Adams,... and ... also seemtobesynonyms".
Mienis(1987:712)published the discovery ofanotherfourspecimens ofC.fuscafrom
i) No. 3: Basteria 70:29-31, 2006.
34 BASTERIA,Vol. 70,No. 1-3,2006
Israel.All four specimens turnedouttobelong toCerithidium diplax(Watson, 1886). They
werefoundnear Hadera(Israel) in 1986.
Later onthe species C.fusca was mentionedby Engl (1995: 46) and by Buzzurro &
Greppi (1996:4)fromthesoutherncoastofTurkey aswellasby Cecalupo& Quadri(1995:
270, 273 figs 2, 2a) fromCyprus. The last-mentionedauthorspublished figures of their
specimens andfromtheseitis immediately clearthatthesespecimens donotbelong toC.
fusca asredescribedby Hasegawa (1998: 176,167'fig. 9a, 9b, 10) whichis a(much) bigger
shellwithamorepronounced sculpture (see fig. 1).
Hasegawa (1998: 179) suggeststhattheshellsfromCecalupo &Quadri couldbelong
“toCeCrithidiumlperaparvulumt(Whatson,r1886o).Thesafmeesuggesntion ismeadeforlla
fusca” in Giannuzzi-Savelli etal. (1997:48,49 fig.97).
Aftervery carefully studying shells of thetype foundby Cecalupo &Quadri both
Hasegawa andIagreethattheybelongto Cerithidiumperparvulum(Watson, 1886). Idonot
agreeas faras the shell figured by Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (1997: 48,49 fig. 97) is con-
cerned.This seems to represent another species for which Isuggested thenameC.fer-
ruginea atthediscussionsaround theCIESMAtlas.On thebasis oftheliteratureitseemed
likely thatC. ferruginea was anoldersynonym forC. diplax (Watson, 1886).
According to Moolenbeek,a species called C. diplax was found in the PersianGulf
(Dance, 1995:56). Aftercomparingour specimens Moolenbeekand myself agreed thatthe
specimens fromthePersianGulfand mine fromIsrael andthe southerncoastofTurkey
belongtooneandthesamespecies.
Atthis point there was need for type material.As there was no type specimen of
Dunkeriaferruginea A.Adams, 1860, in the British Museum,I obtainedthe only known
sampleof possible typematerialfromtheMuseumofVictoria(Australia). Thissample (F
31497)containstwo shellsof whichI designate thelargest onewith dimensions3.0x 1.3
mmas lectotype ofDunkeriaferrugineaA.Adams, 1860(fig.6).
Thesample BMNH 1887.2.9.1739-43containsfoursyntypes ofBittium diplax Watson,
1886,oneofwhichwas already marked"potential lectotype". Thisspecimen withdimen-
sions2.6 x 1.0mmis hereformally designated as lectotype ofBittium diplax Watson, 1886,
inconsultationwithW.F. Ponder(Australian Museum,Sydney) (fig. 7).
Comparing figures 6and7, itcanbe seen thattheshellof C. ferrugineais larger than
thatof C. diplax;itis less slenderandhasasculpture thatissimilarbutmorepronounced.
Itisalso evidentthatthe specimens fromthePersian Gulf,my ownspecimens fromthe
Israeli coastof theMediterranean, as well as those from the southern coastof Turkey,
belongto C. diplax (Watson, 1886).
AsbothiC. diplaxand iC. perparvulum occurratherfrequently alongthesoutherncoast
ofTurkey itis not clearwhatBuzzurro & Greppi had in hand.The shellsrefered toby
Engl (I.e.) turned outtobelong to C. perparvulum except forone juvenile specimen of C.
diplax.
Twosyntypes ofthespecies Bittium furvum Watson, 1886,wereobtainedonloanfrom
theBritishMuseum (BMNH 1887.2.9.1744-5) the largest oneis here designated as lecto-
type.Thisspecimen, withdimensions2.7x 1.0mm,is herefiguredasfig.2. Itlooks some-
whatlikeBittiumlatreilliifrom the Mediterraneanand is certainly not conspecific with
Cerithidiumperparvulum as suggested by Hasegawa (1998:179),butis arealBittium.
FromtheBritishMuseum Ialsoobtainedonloan,thanksto theindispensable coop-
erationofMrsKathyWay, thesample 1887.2.9.1718-22 of Bittiumperparvulum containing
oneshellonlywhichwasmarked"potential lectotype" byW.F.Ponderwhopermittedme
to designate thisspecimen as lectotype of Bittiumperparvulum Watson, 1886. This speci-
men,withdimensions2.8 x 1.1 mm,is hereshown asfig. 4.
As to the generic placement of the species Hasegawa and myself have come to the
Van Aartsen:Cerithidiumdiplax(Watson)and Cerithidiumperparvulum (Watson) 35
conclusion that Cerithidium Monterosato, 1884, is a senior synonym of Clathrofenella
Kuroda& Habe, 1954, thereby corroborating thesuggestion by Ponder (1994: 230).The
typespecies ofCerithidium, viz. C. submammillatum(DeRayneval &Ponzi, 1854),is here
figured forcomparison (fig.8).
Thus it is shown that there are two differentmigrant species of Cerithidiumin the
Mediterranean, which are sometimes confused and mostly denotedby the erroneous
names Clathrofenellafusca andClathrofenella ferruginea. The species canberecognized as
follows.
SYSTEMATICPART
Abbreviations: BMNH, The Natural History Museum, London, Great Britain; HUJ,
Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel; NMV,Museumof Victoria, Melbourne,Australia;
TAU, TelAviv University,TelAviv, Israel.
Cerithidiumdiplax (Watson, 1886)(figs 3,7,9, 11, 12)
BittiumdiplaxWatson,1886:555,pi. 38fig.4.
Cerithidium diplax(Watson);Dance, 1995:56, figs181,182.
Clathrofenellaferruginea(A.Adams,1860);Zenetosetal., 2004:74, figured.
NotCerithidiumdiplax(Watson);Kay, 1979:115,fig.44D.
NotCerithidium cerithinum (Philippi,1849);Robba etal., 2004:34,pi. 3 fig. 8.
Thisspecies was firstdredged atBatYam(Israel) in 1961(sample TAU-MO32991).In
1986 many specimens of this species were found by H. Menkhorstalong the southern
coastofTurkeynearMersin.
All freshspecimens Ihaveseenwere uniformlybrown,moreorless dark.Thespeci-
mens dredged from HaifaBay were bleached and thus whitish. The very pronounced
sculpture consistsoftwo spiralsandrelatively fewaxialribs formingknobsattheircross-
ings. Laterwhorls show three spirals through generating a thirdweakerone adapically.
Theprotoconch consistsof 1.5 embryonic whorls as seeninfigs 11, 12. Average dimen-
sionsare2.0-2.5 x0.9-1.0mm.
Cerithidiumperparvulum (Watson, 1886) (figs 4,5, 10, 13)
Bittium perparvulumWatson, 1886:554,pi. 38 fig. 3.
Cerithidiumperparvulum(Watson);Kay, 1979: 116,115fig.44E,F.Hasegawa,1998: 167figs 11,12;177 figs
33-37.Hasegawa,inOkutani,2000:125no.56,pi. 62 fig.56.
Clathrofenellafusca(A.Adams);Cecalupo& Quadri,1995:270,273 figs2, 2a.
NotObtortioelongellaMelvill, 1910; Dance, 1995:56.
Thisspecies is muchmore likeBittium, except forthesiphonal canalwhichis want-
ing. Thewhorlsareevenly roundedand showthreetofourspirals.The shellsare yellow-
brownandthespirals are dottedwithdarkerbrown.Adarkbrownstainonthecolumel-
lais verycharacteristic.
Average dimensionsare 1.9-3.0x0.8-1.2mm.
Atpresentthisspecies hasnotbeenreported fromtheMediterraneancoastofIsrael.
36 BASTERIA,Vol. 70, No. 1-3,2006
Figs 1-5. Cerithidium species, magnification 15x. 1, C. fusca (A.Adams, 1860),Japan;2, Bittium furva
(Watson,1886),lectotypeBMNH 1887.2.9.1744-5;3,C. diplax(Watson,1886),Mersin,Turkey;4-5, C. per-
parvulum(Watson,1886);4,lectotypeBMNH1887.2.9.1718-22;5,Mersin,Turkey.
After studying theholotype (BMNH 1912.8.16.96) IagreewithHasegawa (1998: 172)
thatObtortioelongella Melvill, 1910,is ajuniorsynonymofFinellapurpureoapicicata (Preston,
1905)andnot synonymouswith C. perparvulum as suggested byDance (1995:56).
MacAndrew(1870: 442)andA.Adams (1870: 122)citefourspecies ofwhatthey call
“Fenella”fromtheRed Sea, viz.pupoides, scabra, reticulataandrufocincta.Allofthesewere
first describedbyA.AdamsfromJapan. Ofthesethefirstand fourtharepresently placed
in Finellaand discussedby Hasegawa (1998:168, 169fig. 13,171figs 18-20; 173,169fig.14,
171 figs 21, 22).Finellapupoides A.Adams, 1860,isalsoawell-knownmigrant species into
theMediterraneanwhereIfirstfounditin Iskenderun(Turkey) in 1958.
The species Dunkeria scabra A.Adams, 1860, does not belong to eitherFinellaor to
Cerithidiumbut should be placed in Eucharildaaccording to Habe (1977: 158, 159) and
Hasegawa(1998: 185,186).WhatAdams meantby scabra and reticulata is notevident.
Notethat therecent check-listof theRedSeaMolluscaby Dekker & Orlin (2000:20)
onlycitesFinellapupoidesandCerithidiumcerithinum(Philippi, 1849).AlthoughIssel (1869:
Van Aartsen: Cerithidiumdiplax(Watson)and Cerithidium perparvulum (Watson) 37
Figs 6-10. Cerithidium species, magnification20x. 6, C. ferrugineum(A. Adams,1860),lectotypeNMV-
F31497;7,C.diplax(Watson,1886),lectotypeBMNH 1887.2.9.1739-43;8,C. submammillatum (DeRayneval
& Ponzi, 1854), Haifa,Israel; 9. C. diplax(Watson, 1886), Mersin,Turkey; 10, C.perparvulum (Watson,
1886),Mersin,Turkey.
Figs 11-13. Protoconchs of Cerithidium species, highlymagnified. 11-12, C. diplax(Watson, 1886); 11,
migrant(fig.9); 12,lectotype(fig.7); 13 C. perparvulum(Watson,1886),migrant(fig.10).
332)suggested thatashellfiguredby Savigny (1817:pi. 3fig.23)was reallyAlvania cerithi-
naPhilippi, 1849,thisfigure wasnotrecognised byPhilippi himself(1849:34)whereashe
citestwo otherfigures of thesameplate ofSavigny fortwo other species hedescribedin
thesamearticle(Philippi, 1849:34,35).
Tryon (1887:395, pi.60figs 80, 81) citesFenellacerithinaand gives atranslationofthe
original description by Philippi. Thefigure ofSavigny isreproduced asfig. 80. Although
itis notimpossible thatthe description and thefigure were intendedto denotethesame
species this seemsratherdoubtful.AsPhilippi (1849:34) says "..lineaeelevataeinterstitia
latitudineaequantia quatuor,a costellisdecussataegranaformant;basis cingulaelevata3-
4laeviahabet."His description cannot beapplied toeitherof themigrant species. Tryon
(1887: 395) alsosuggests that "..F.reticulata A.Ads.(fig.81),andF. scabraA.Ads.aresyn-
onyms.." whichis atleast partlyand probably totally incorrect. I thereforeagree with
Hasegawa (1998:181)and considerAlvaniacerithinaPhilippi, 1849,unidentifiableatpres-
38 BASTERIA, Vol. 70,No. 1-3,2006
ent. Whetherthe species from the Red Seamentionedby Dekker & Orlinis Cerithidium
fusca(= C. reticulata) or maybe oneofthetwo migrant species isundecided.
Recently Robba etal.(2004: 34pl.3 fig.8)cite a species from ThailandasCerithidium
cerithinum(Philippi, 1849) andmentionas synonyms FenellareticulataA.Adams, 1868[!],
Clathrofenella reticulata in Barash & Danin (1977: 90 fig.5 and 1992: 76 fig. 77) and
Cerithidiumcerithinumin Dance (1995: 56 fig. 181). As mentionedabove the figures by
Barash& Danin referto Cerithidium submammillatumwhereasthefigures byDance(1995:
56 fig. 181 as well as 182, which are the same) are taken from specimens of C. diplax,
although recordedas C. cerithinumin thetext. TherealFenellareticulataA.Adams, 1860,is
asynonymofC.fusca (A. Adams, 1860).
As Robbaetal. (2004:34) pointed outthemselvestheir specimens showabout three
embryonic whorls and thus cannot belong to C. diplax either, although the teleoconch
sculpture is very similar.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ThanksareduetoDr.W.F.PonderandDr.K. Hasegawa forprofound discussionsand
to Mrs Kathy Way (British Museum)as well as Dr. ChrisRowley (Museumof Victoria,
Melbourne) for giving me the opportunity to study the specimens in their care. Mr.
H.K.Mieniskindly sent methespecimens fromIsraelforstudy. Dr.W.Engl madehisspec-
imens from the Turkish SouthCoast available for inspection. Jeroen Goud (Naturalis,
Leiden) kindlymadethephotographs.
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