India's Changing Innovation System: Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities for Cooperation: Report of a Symposium

225 Pages·2007·1.34 MB·English

by  Committee on Comparative Innovation Policy: Best Practice for the 21st Century

Committee on Comparative Innovation Policy:
Best Practice for the 21st Century
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Policy and Global Affairs
Charles W. Wessner and Sujai J. Shivakumar, Editors
ThE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
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of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for
their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by: Contract/Grant No. SB1341-03-C-0032 between the National
Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Commerce; Contract/Grant No. OFED-
381989 between the National Academy of Sciences and Sandia National Laboratories; and
Contract/Grant No. NAVY-N00014-05-G-0288, DO #2, between the National Academy of
Sciences and the Office of Naval Research. This material is based upon work also supported
by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Sciences Office, DARPA
Order No. K885/00, Program Title: Materials Research and Development Studies, Issued
by DARPA/CMD under Contract #MDA972-01-D-0001. Additional funding was provided
by Intel Corporation, International Business Machines, and Google. Any opinions, findings,
conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s)
and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided
support for the project.
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International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-10483-1
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www.national-academies.org

Committee on Comparative Innovation Policy:
Best Practice for the 21st Century*
William J. Spencer, Chair
Chairman Emeritus, retired
SEMATECH
Kenneth Flamm, Vice Chair Mary L. Good, Vice Chair
Dean Rusk Chair in International Donaghey University Professor
Affairs Dean, Donaghey College of
Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Information Science and
Affairs Systems Engineering
University of Texas at Austin University of Arkansas at Little Rock
and STEP Board and STEP Board
Alice H. Amsden Bronwyn Hall
Professor of Political Economy Professor of Economics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of California at Berkeley
Gail H. Cassell Mark B. Myers
Vice President, Scientific Affairs Visiting Professor of Management
Distinguished Lilly Research Scholar The Wharton School of Business
for Infectious Diseases University of Pennsylvania
Eli Lilly and Company
Alan Wm. Wolff
Lewis S. Edelheit Managing Partner
Senior Research and Technology Dewey Ballantine
Advisor, retired
General Electric
*As of December 2006.

Project Staff*
Charles W. Wessner
Study Director
Sujai J. Shivakumar Paul Fowler
Senior Program Officer Senior Research Associate

McAlister T. Clabaugh Ken Jacobson
Program Associate Consultant
David E. Dierksheide Jeffrey C. McCullough
Program Officer Program Associate
*As of December 2006.
i
For the National Research Council (NRC), this project was overseen by the
Board on Science, Technology and Economic Policy (STEP), a standing board
of the NRC established by the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering
and the Institute of Medicine in 1991. The mandate of the STEP Board is to
integrate understanding of scientific, technological, and economic elements in the
formulation of national policies to promote the economic well-being of the United
States. A distinctive characteristic of STEP’s approach is its frequent interactions
with public and private-sector decision makers. STEP bridges the disciplines of
business management, engineering, economics, and the social sciences to bring
diverse expertise to bear on pressing public policy questions. The members of the
STEP Board* and the NRC staff are listed below:
Dale Jorgenson, Chair David T. Morgenthaler
Samuel W. Morris University Professor Founding Partner
Harvard University Morgenthaler Ventures
Timothy Bresnahan Joseph Newhouse
Landau Professor in Technology and John D. MacArthur Professor of
the Economy Health Policy and Management
Stanford University Harvard University
Lew Coleman Edward E. Penhoet
President President
Dreamworks Animation Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
Kenneth Flamm Arati Prabhakar
Dean Rusk Chair in International General Partner
Affairs U.S. Venture Partners
Lyndon B. Johnson School of
Public Affairs William J. Raduchel
University of Texas at Austin Independent Director and Investor
Mary L. Good Jack Schuler
Donaghey University Professor Chairman
Dean, Donaghey College of Ventana Medical Systems
Information Science and Systems
Engineering Suzanne Scotchmer
University of Arkansas at Little Rock Professor of Economics and Public
Policy
Amo Houghton University of California at Berkeley
Member of Congress, retired
*As of December 2006.
ii
STEP Staff*
Stephen A. Merrill Charles W. Wessner
Executive Director Program Director
McAlister T. Clabaugh Sujai J. Shivakumar
Program Associate Senior Program Officer
David E. Dierksheide Jeffrey C. McCullough
Program Officer Program Associate
Paul Fowler Mahendra Shunmoogam
Senior Research Associate Program Associate
*As of December 2006.
iii
Contents
PREFACE xiii
I INTRODUCTION 1
II. PROCEEDINGS 25
Welcome Remarks 27
Ralph Cicerone, National Academy of Sciences
Ronen Sen, Ambassador of India to the United States
Opening Remarks
India and the United States: A New Strategic Responsibility 30
Paula Dobriansky, Department of State
Panel I: India and the United States: An Emerging
Global Partnership 35
Moderator: Daid McCormick, Department of Commerce
India’s Reforms: Current Challenges and Opportunities 35
Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Planning Commission of India
Opportunities and Challenges in U.S.–Indian Science and
Technology Cooperation 39
Samuel Bodman, Department of Energy
ix