Indian species of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphotettix Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

12 Pages·1993·6.6 MB·

NEWDESCRIPTIONS 463
INDIAN SPECIES OF THE DELTOCEPHALINE LEAFHOPPER GENUS
MATSUMURA (HEMIPTERA: CICADELLIDAE
1
)
C.A. VIRAKTAMATHAND G.S.MOHAN2
(With seventytwo text-figures)
Thegenus Matsumuraisredefined. ItsrelationshipwithScaphoideus Uhler,withwhichitisoftenconfused
is discussed. Five new species namely, Scaphotettix agumbensis sp. nov. (from Karnataka: Agumbe, Bhagamandala),
Scaphotettixarcuatussp. nov. (from Tamil Nadu: Kodaikanal, Shembhaganur),Scaphotettixfreytagi sp. nov. (from Kerala:
Thekkadi; Karnataka: Jog Falls, Mudigere),Scaphotettixmalnadicussp. nov. (from Karnataka: Jog Falls) andScaphotettix
quadrifidussp. nov. (from Kerala: Thekkadi) are describedand illustrated. Scaphotettixredundatis (Distant)comb. nov. and
Scaphotettixindicus(Distant)comb.nov.earlierplacedinthegenusScaphoideusareaisoredescribed,illustratedandlectotype
A
designationsare made. key to species ofScaphotettixdealtwith is also provided.
Introduction History, SmithsonianInstitution, Washington, D.C.,
U.S.A.
Matsumura (1941) described the genus UAS - The University of Agricultural
GKVK,
Scaphotettixforthe inclusionofScaphotettix viridis Sciences, Bangalore, Bangalore, India.
Matsumura from Taiwan. To date the genus is
knownonlyfromthetypespecies and is not recorded Genus Scaphotettix Matsumura
outside Taiwan. During revisionary studies on the
genusScaphoideusUh\croftheIndiansubcontinent, Scaphotettix Matsumura, 1914:227. Type species
wefounda numberofspecieswhich lookedexternally Scaphotettix viridis Matsumura, by original designation.
like species ofScaphoideus but had distinctive fore
Anterior margin of vertex with one or two
wing venation and male genitalia. These were later
marginal and a submarginal inverted V-shaped
determined as species ofScaphotettix. In this paper
weredefinethegenusScaphotettix and describefive narrow, chocolate brown to black stripe. Head with
new species from India and transfer two species of one, pronotum with an anterior and a posterior
submarginal and scutellumwith an anteriorbroader
Scaphoideus described from India to Scaphotettix.
transverse red, reddishbrown ororange bands. Fore
wingbrownishwithtransparentspotssurroundedby
The species of Scaphotettix were always
fuscous, veins dark brown.
collected in moist habitats on grasses mixed with
herbs. They were most common in areas receiving
Head includingeyeseitheraswideasorslightly
an annual rainfall of more than 1000 mm.
narrower than pronotum; longer medially than
adjacent to eye; either acutely angled or obtusely
The depositories of the types of new taxa are
rounded. Vertex 0.72 times as long as interocular
abbreviated as follows.
width. Frontoclypeus widened dorsally. Clypellus
IARI - Indian Agricultural Research Institute,
broadened at apex. Pronotum 0.4 times as long as
New
Delhi, India.
NHM wide. Claval veins either fused in middle or
-TheNatural HistoryMuseum, London,
approximated medially and often connected by a
U.K.
NMNH crossvein; a crossveinbetweenouterclaval veinand
- The National Museum of Natural
claval suture; anteapical cells three, inner cell open
behind, outerone smallest, about0.5 to 0.66 as long
1 Accepted February 1993.
as median anteapical cell; one reflexed vein
2Department of Eutomology, University of Agricutral Sciences,
GKVK, Bangalore560 065. connectingbasal outerangle ofouteranteapical cell
7
464 JOURNAL BOMBAYNATURAL HIST. SOCIETY VOL. 99 (7993;
, ,
with costal margin. Fore femora compressed; with Key TO SPECIES OF Scaphotettix Matsumura
a row of stout, short, spines on ventral margin in
additionto 10-15 hair-likesetae on mesoapical area. 1. Claval veins fused (Fig. 24); aedeagus with apical pair of
appendages strongly recurved and directed ventrally (Fig. 29)
Mid femora compressed with a row of some short
S. freytagi sp. nov.
and some long, stout spines along mesal margin. - Claval veins not fused; either approximatedand/orconnected by
across vein (Fig. 4); aedeagus when with appendage not as
above 2
Male pygofer either with or without a process
2. Male pygoferwithouta caudal process 3
on caudal margin; with tufts of long or scattered
- Male pygoferwith a caudal process (Figs 36, 45, 54, 64) 4
setae. Subgenital plates triangular, with rounded 3. Aedeagal shaft straight bent dorsally in apical 0.33; without
;
apex, with an oblique row ofstout setae in addition appendages (Fig.10) S. indicus (Distant)
to long hair-like setae. Style slender, elongate or - A.edeagalshaftstrongly, uniformlycurvedcaudodorsally; witha
pair of slender, short appendages at apical 0.66 (Fig.19)
robust,preapical lobewell developed,ventralareaof
S.arcuatussp.nov.
apophysisserrated. Connective Y-shaped,articulated 4. Aedeagus with two pairs of apical appendages (Figs. 69, 70);
with aedeagus, without paraphysis. Aedeagal shaft caudal lobe of pygofer gradually narrowed to an attenuated
slender, elongate or stouter, wider at base, with or process, dorsal margin with a short, caudally directed process
(Fig. 64) S. quadrifidussp. nov.
without processes. Gonopore apical or subapical.
- Aedeagus with one pair of apical appendages (Figs. 41, 50);
caudal lobe of pygofer abruptly narrowed and produced into a
First pairofvalvulae offemale ovipositorwith spine-like process (Figs. 36, 45, 54) 5
scale-likesculpturingarranged in rows. Second pair 5. Appendagesofaedeaguswithcrenulatemargin(Fig.41);stemof
of valvulae with 10-17 teeth on cutting edge. connective more than 1.5 timesas longas itsarm (Fig. 39)
S. redundans sp. nov.
- Appendages of aedeagussmooth or with single tooth at mid
Remarks: Scaphotettixresemblessomespecies length (Figs 50, 59) ; stem ofconnective 0.5 times as long as
of Scaphoideus externally, namely S. festivus its arm (Fig. 48) 6
Matsumura, S. consanguineus Distant, S 6. Aedeagalshaftslender,evenlycurved;apicalappendageofshaft
. in caudal aspect L-shaped, with a tooth at midlength (Fig.
hieroglyphicus Distant and several undescribed
50) S. agumbensis sp. nov.
species from India and Sri Lanka. However, - Aedeagalshaftstout, widernearbase thanatapex, appendageof
Scaphotettixisonlydistantlyrelated toScaphoideus shaft evenly curved ventrally in caudal view(Fig.59)
and can be distinguished by the following table of S\malnadicussp.nov.
characters.
Scaphotettix indicus (Distant) comb. nov.
Table (Figs. 1 - 13)
Characters Scaphotettix Scaphoideus ScaphoideusindicusDistant, 1908:374.Lectotypefemale,
here designated, Burma (NFIM, examined).
Ratio ofwidth of 0.9 to 1.25 1.32 - 1.68 Scaphoideus festivus sensu Ishihara, 1961: 252, not
frontoclypeusat apex Matsumura, 1902.
to that between
antennal base. Ochraceous. Markings on head and thorax as
Claval veins fused orclosely neverfusedand A
described in generic diagnosis. submarginal
approximated and/or connectedbyacross
joined by a cross vein longitudinal stripe on extreme lateral area of
vein pronotum fuscous. Dorsal half of episternum and
dorsal0.75ofmesepimerondarkfuscous. Scutellum
Reflexedvein in one two or more
margined by dark fuscous apically. Fore wing
costal area
Paraphysis absent always present fuscous, venation darker, apex offore wing broadly
NEWDESCRIPTIONS 465
Figs. 1-13. Scaphotettix indicus (Distant): 1. Head and thorax; 2. Same, Profile; 3. Face; 4. Fore wing; 5. Male pygofer;
6. Subgenital plate; 7. Style; 8.Apophysis ofstyle; 9. Connective; 10. Connective and aedeagus, lateral view; 11. Aedeagus ventral
view; 12. Ovipositor, 13. Apex ofsecond pairofvalvula (Scale indicates0.5 mm in Figs. 1-4 and 12 and 0.1 mm in others).
dark fuscous except hyaline appendix. Legs median cell which is wider in middle.
ochraceous, fore tibiae striped with brown; mid
tibiae with three brown spots, basal and median Male genitalia Caudal margin of pygofer
:
trasomeres ofmesothoracic legbrown; apex ofhind abtuselyroundedwithscatteredsetae,withoutcaudal
tibia, basitarsus, entire second tarsomere, basal half process, tergum of pygofer well sclerotized. Valve
of third tarsomere piceous. with rounded caudal margin. Style robust, with
apophysis laterally directed, with a pointed apex,
Vertex conically produced in front, median ventral margin serrate. Stem of connective 0.5 as
sulcus reaching 0.8 length. Pronotum shorter than longas arm. Aedeagus elongate, tubular, preatrium
scutellum. Clavaiveinsapproximatedandconnected 0.25 as long as total length, dorsal apodeme short,
by a cross vein, outer anteapical cell 0.5 as long as stout;shafttaperedcaudally,curvedabruptlydorsally
.
466 JOURNAL BOMBAYNATURAL HIST. SOCIETY VOL. 90 (7993)
, ,
at apical 0.33, apex compressed, blade-like. slightly incurved but not touchinginner claval vein.
Gonopore subapical. Male genitalia: Pygofer caudally rounded,
without process, setae scattered. Style with parallel
Female genitalia Seventh sternumas longas sided middle portion, apophysis with a series of
:
sixth, caudal margin ratherstraight. Second pair of ridges onventral margin. Connective with stem0.5
valvulae with 15 teeth, margin betweenteeth finely aslongasann,anteriorlybilobed. Aedeaguselongate,
slender, with well developed, unpigmented dorsal
serrate.
Measurements: Male 4.30 to 4.60 mm long, apodeme 0.5 as long as shaft, distally bilobed; shaft
1.20 to 1.25 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.60 to caudo-dorsally curved, compressed, apex bifid, a
4.70 mm long, 1.25 to 1.30 mm wide across eyes. pairofslender,siightlyasymmetrical,short,ventrally
directedprocessesatapical0.25. Gonoporesubapical.
Materialexamined: Lectotype female,“Type,
H.T. (on red bordered disc)” “Scaphoideus indicus Femalegenitalia: Seventhsternumthreetimes
Distant,type”“Myitta,Doherty”“DistantColl. 1911- as long as sixth; hind margin broadly produced
383” here designated (NHM). Paralectotype female medially.
“Assam, Margherita” “Distant Coll. 1911-383”
mm
(NHM). Other material: India: Uttar Pradesh: 3 Measurements: Male 5.30 to 5.40 long,
mm mm
males, 5 females, Dehra Dun, 28.iv.1975; West 1.30 wide across eyes.. Female 6.00 long,
1.50 wide across eyes.
Bengal: lmale, Calcutta, 11.xi.1981 3 males, 2
;
females, lOkmN.Siliguri, l.i.1981;Kerala: Ifemale,
Walayar Forest, 26.x.1975; Karnataka: lmale, Material examined: Holotype male, India:
Bannerghatta (24 km S. Bangalore), 9.viii,1979, all Tamil Nadu: Shembhaganur , 1300 m, lS.viii. 1979,
collected by C.A. Viraktamath (UAS). I. Dworakowska Coll. (UAS). Paratypes: 1 male, 1
female, mounted on the same card, S. INDIA:
Remarks: S. indicus is unique among species Madras, Kodaikanal, T.V.Campbell (NHM).
of Scaphotettix in not having aedeagal shaft
appendages. Its wings are much darker than in Remarks: The specimens from the type series
known species of Scaphotettix. Ishihara (1961) of Scaphoideus redundans Distant collected from
misidentified this species as Scaphoideus festivus Kodaikanal belong to S. arcuatus whereas those
Matsumura as is evident from his excellent figures. from Lovedale to S. redundans. Externally both
Scaphotettix arcuatus sp. nov. species resemble very closely, however, S. arcuatus
(Figs.14 - 20) has a much elongate, slender aedeagal shaft with
very short subapical processes while S. redundans
Lateral margin of pronotum with a fuscous has shorter, stouter aedeagal shaft with longer,
line. Proepimeron fuscous. Apices of claval veins stouter, apical aedeagalshaftappendages. S.arcuatus
dark brown, much broadly so on inner claval vein; appears to be related to S. indicus as they share the
clavus with three large whitish hyaiine spots; veins character of pygofer and elongate aedeagal shafts.
marked with dark brown; apices of fore wings The aedeagal shaft of indicus lacks the process
hyaline except submarginal narrow fuscous band whereas arcuatus has slender, short, asymmetrical
along marginal vein. Legs as in S. indicus pair of processes.
Head obtusely rounded, interocularwidth 1.49 Scaphotettix freytagi sp. nov.
21-32)
aswideas median lengthofvertex. Outerclaval vein (Figs.
NEWDESCRIPTIONS 467
Figs. 14 - 20. Scaphotettixarcuatus sp. nov. 14. Male pygofer; 15.Valve andsubgenital plate; 16. Style; 17. Apophysis ofstyle;
:
18. Connective; 19. Aedeagus, lateral view; 20. Aedeagus, dorsal view. (Scale indicates 0.1 nun.)
Colour as in S. indicus but reddish markings fascia across middle offrontoclypeus and middle of
on head and thorax are very bright especially in genae ochraceous.
female. Inmale,l,facewitha fewmedially interrupted
bands at basal half of frons, antennal pits, a spot Head obtusely rounded; interocular distance
below each eye, lateral margin, discal spot to lorum on vertex 1.33 times as wide as median length.
darkbrowntopiceous. Claval veins,andsome corial Claval veins fused in middle.
veins bright red. Infemale, face darkerespecially in
apical half including parts of genae, entire lorum, Male genitalia: Pygofer with rounded caudal
clypellus,apical0.33offronsdarkbrown,a transverse margin, with scattered setae, without process. Style
; ,
468 JOURNAL BOMBAYNATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, VOL. 90 (1993)
,
Figs. 21-32. Scaphotettixfreytagi sp.nov. 21. Head and thorax; 22. Same profile 23. Face; 24. Fore wing 25. Male pygofer
: ; ; ;
26. Subgenital plate 27. Slyle 28. Connective 29.Aedeagus lateral view 30.Same caudodorsal view 31. Ovipositor
; ; ; ; ; ;
mm mm
32. Female second pairofvalvula. (Scale indicates0.5 in Figs. 21-24 and 31, and 0.1 in others.)
stout, apophysiscurvedwithserratedventra1margin. margin of teeth finely serrate.
Stem ofconnective twice as long as arm. Aedeagus
mm
rather L-shaped, dorsal apodeme well developed, Measurements: Male 4.40 to 4.70 long,
mm
bifid distally; shaft straight, directed caudodorsally 1.17 to 1.22 wide across eyes. Female 5.00 to
mm
with a pair of apical, long, strongly recurved 5.20mmlongand 1.35 to 1.40 wide across eyes.
appendages directed ventrally and caudally.
Material examined: Holotype male, India:
Gonopore apical.
Kerala: Thekkadi, (840m), 27.iii.1977, C.A.
Viraktamath (UAS). Paratypes: 4 males, 5 females,
Femalegenitalia: Seventhsternumthreetimes data as for holotype, 2 males, 4 females, data as for
as long as sixth; hind margin conically produced in holotype but collected by S. Viraktamath; 1 1males
middle. Second pair of valvulae with 15 teeth, 7 females, data as for holotype but collected on
NEWDESCRIPTIONS 469
26.iii.l977byC.A. Viraktamath(3 males,2 females), Kentucky, Lexington, U.S.A.
S. Viraktamath (3 males, 1 female), and B. Mallik (5 Scaphotettix redundans (Distant) comb. nov.
males, 4 females); Karnataka: lmale, Mudigere, (Figs. 33 - 41)
7.iv.l975, C.A. Viraktamath; 3 females, Jog Falls,
ScaphoideusredundansDistant, 1918:64. Lectotype here
8.V.1976, B. Mallik; 1 male, 17.xi.1976, B. Mallik; ,
designated Nilgiris (NHM, examined).
1 male, 10.xi.1976, C.A. Viraktamath (IARI, NHM,
NMNH,UAS).
Coloration as described by Distant (1918) and
very similar to that ofS. arcuatus.
Remarks: S. freytagi is distinctive among the
species ofScaphotettix in that the claval veins are Malegenitalia: Pygoferwithaventral dorsally
fused in the middle. It externally resembles S. produced process, exceeding dorsal margin of
quadrifidus fromwhich it differs in havingonly one pygofer. Stylewithlaterallycurvedapophysis having
pair of aedeagal shaft appendages, much brighter serrated ventral surface. Connectivewithstemtwice
coloration and darker face. as long as arm. Aedeagus with well developed but
short dorsal apodeme, shaft curved caudo-dorsally
The species is named in honour ofDr Paul H. in lateral aspectslightly broaderat apexthanatbase,
Freytag, Professor of Entomology, University of witha pairofapical, latero-anteriorlydirected blade-
Figs. 33-41. Scaphotettix redundans (Distant): 33. Head and thorax; 34. Same, profile; 35. Face; 36 Male pygofer; 37.
Subgenital plate; 38. Styleand apophysis ofstyle; 39. Connective; 40. Connectiveand aedeagus, lateral view; 41. Aedeagus, dorsal
view. (Scale Indicates 0.5 mm in Figs. 33-35 and 0.1mm in others.)
470 JOURNAL BOMBAYNATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, VOL. 90 (1993)
,
Figs. 42 - 50. Scaphotettix agumbensis sp.nov. 42. Head and thorax; 43. Same, profile; 44. Face; 45. Male pygofer, 46. Subgenital
:
plate; 47. Style; 48. Connective; 49. Connective and aedeagus; 50. Aedeagus, caudal view. (Scale indicates 0.5mm in Figs. 42-44 and
0.1mm in others.)
like appendages with crenulate margin. wide across eyes.
mm mm
Measurements: Male 5.8 long, 1.45 Material examined: Lectotype “Type, H.T.
,
NEWDESCRIPTIONS 471
(on red bordered disc)” “Nilgiri Hills, Lovedale, laterally, with a tooth at midlength. Gonopore
T.V. Campbell” “S. India, E.A. Butler, 1915 -60” apical.
mm
here designated (NHM). Paralectotype: 1 female Measurements : Male 5.00 long, head
mm
data as for lectotype, mounted along with lectotype 1.27 wide across eyes.
on the same card (NHM). Other material: India: Material examined: Holotype male, India:
Tamil Nadu: 1 male, Naduvattam, 6.vi.l977, C.A. Karnataka: Agumbe, 23.xi.1982, H.V.A. Murthy
Viraktamath (UAS). Coll. (UAS). Paratype 1 male, India: Karnataka:
Bhagamandala, 1300 m, 25.i.1980, S.Viraktamath
Remarks: This species can be easily Coll. (NHM).
distinguishedbythe aedeagal shaftappendageswith
crenulate margin. It is distantly related to S. Remarks : S. agumbensis shares the character
agumbensis and S. malnadicus with which it shares of anteriorly bifid stem of connective and pygofer
the similarly placed aedeagal shaft process and process with that ofS. malnadicus. It has however,
pygofer process but differs in having the stem of more slender, elongatestyle with shorterapophysis,
connective twice as long as arms, elongate, slender differently shaped appendages of
aedeagal shaft. It is also related to S. quadrifidus sp.
Scaphotettix agumbensis sp. nov. nov. as discussed under that species.
(Figs. 42 - 50)
Scaphotettix malnadicus sp nov.
Ochraceous. Anterior margin of red band on (Figs.51 - 59
)
vertex without a dark brown line. Fore wing pale
brownish hyaline with prominent dark brown Coloration of head and thorax as in generic
markings surrounding hyaline spots distributed on diagnosis. Scutellumwithbasal triangles brown, red
clavus and corium; apex ofclavus, a spot at apex of band between them interrupted by ochraceous line,
inner claval vein, submarginal band on apex offore apical half yellowish white with piceous lateral
wing dark brown. Leg coloration as in S. indicus. margins. Forewing as in S. agumbensis.
Head bluntly conical, slightly narrower than
Head bluntly conical, slightly narrower than pronotum. Vertex0.78aslongasinteroculardistance.
prothorax. Vertex slightly shorter than interocular Pronotum 1.8 times as wide as long. Claval veins
width. Pronotum 1.8 times as wide as long. Claval approximated in the middle. Outer anteapical cell
veins approximated in middle, outer anteapical cell 0.75 as long as median anteapical cell.
0.75 as long as median cell.
Male genitalia Caudoventral margin of
:
Malegenitalia: Ventrocaudal angleofpygofer pygoferwitha caudallydirectedprocess,caudodorsal
lobe produced into a spine-like process directed margin membranous. Style with slender, strongly,
caudodorsally. Style slender, elongate, apophysis laterally directed apophysis with serrated ventral
short, slender, strongly curved laterally, its surface margin connective rather x-shaped, anterior arm
pustulated. Stem ofconnective 0.5 as long as arms, very short, caudal arms slender,elongate. Aedeagus
strongly bifid anteriorly, Aedeagus slender, dorsal with poorlydevelopeddorsalapodeme,shaftslightly
apodeme thin, plate-lilke, 0.5 as longasa shaft;shaft caudodosorsally curved broader at base than at
,
gradually curved caudodorsally, of uniform width, apex with a pair of apical anteroventrally curved
with a pair of apical appendages, each appendage appendages. Gonopore subapical.
mm mm
directedanteriorlyatbasal0.33 thenabruptlydirected Measurements: Male 4.90 long, 1.30
472 JOURNAL, BOMBAYNATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, VOL. 90 (1993)
wide across eyes. more so in female. Leg coloration as in S. indicus.
Material examined: Holotype male, India:
W
Km
Karnataka :35 ofJogFalls, 534m, 18.xi.1976, Head 0.75 as long as interocular distance.
C.A Viraktamath (UAS).
Pronotum 1.7 times as wide as long. Claval veins
connected by a cross vein.
Remarks : S. malnadicus is closely related to
S.agumbensis fromwhichitcanbedistinguishedby Male genitalia: Pygofer lobe caudally
the stouter aedeagal shaft, differently curved shaft attenuated gradually and produced into a dorsally
appendages and the shape ofpygofer. curved process caudodorsal margin with a short
caudally directed process. Style with short, finger-
Scaphotettix quadrifidus sp. nov. like apophysis directed laterally, with transversely
(Figs.60 - 72) rugose ventral area. Connective with stem 0.5 as
long as arm. Aedeagus rather J-shaped with well
Coloration as described in generic diagnosis. developed dorsal apodeme, shaft of uniform width
Dorsal half of frons in male brownish ochraceous, with a pair of apical and another pair of subapical
in female with a series of medially interrupted appendages. Gonopore apical.
transverse fasciae, lateral frontal sulcus, antennal
half of scutellum beyond red band ochraceous, Female genitalia : Seventh sternum as long as
apical half yellow. Fore wing coloration as in S. sixth,its caudal marginmedially,slightly,concavely
agumbensis with darker venation, claval veins red, excavated. Second pair of valvula with 17 teeth,
Figs. 51-59. Scaphotettix malnadicus sp. nov. 51. Head and thorax 52. Same, profile 53. Face; 54. Male pygofer; 55. Subgenital
: ; ;
plate 56. Style 57. Apophysis ofstyle 58. Connective and aedeagus, lateral view; 59. Same, dorsal view.
; ; ;
mm mm
(Scale indicates 0.5 in Figs. 51-53 and 0.1 in others.)