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Indian Medicinal Plants Illustrated Dictionary PDF

836 Pages·2007·7.94 MB·English
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IndianMedicinalPlants C.P. Khare (Ed.) Indian Medicinal Plants An Illustrated Dictionary WithPicturesofCrudeHerbs 123 Author C.P.Khare B-/,JanakPuri NewDelhi- India [email protected] LibraryofCongressControlNumber: ISBN:----Springer-VerlagBerlin/Heidelberg ©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC. Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthe writtenpermissionofthepublisher(SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC.,SpringStreet, NewYork,NY,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarly analysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadap- tation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafter developedisforbidden.Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks, andsimilarterms,eveniftheyarenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionof opinionastowhetherornottheyaresubjecttoproprietaryrights. springer.com Printedonacid-freepaper SPIN: — Dedicatedto thedistinguishedscientist Dr.A.P.J.AdbulKalam whorevivedthegloryof Indianmedicinalandaromaticplants intheRashtrapatiBhawan. Guiding Factors Firstofall, letmeacknowledgewithgratitudethecontribution ofthefollowing referenceworkswhichsynchronisedthesynonymsandmedicinal propertiesof Indianmedicinalplants: • ACatalogueofIndianSynonymsoftheMedicinalPlantsofIndia by Moodeen Sheriff(). (ThefirstexhaustivecompilationofsynonymsofIndianmedic- inalplantsinregionallanguages,besidesLatinandEnglish). • IndianMedicinalPlantsbyLt.Col. K.R.KirtikarandMajorB.D.Basu(). • GlossaryofIndianMedicinalPlantsbyCol. SirRamNathChopraetal. (CSIR, ). • UsefulPlantsofIndia (CSIR, ; based on TheWealthofIndia series, Vol. I ,Vol.XI). • DictionaryofIndianMedicinalPlantsbyAkhtarHusainetal. (CIMAP,). Basedonthislegacy,IndianMedicinalPlants.AnIllustratedDictionaryisaimed at bringing out an updated Active Study Dictionary of plant sources of Indian medicine, as a companion volume of my earlier book Encyclopedia of Indian MedicinalPlants/IndianHerbalRemedies,publishedbySpringer. Ayurvedicsynonymshavebeenselectedfromthefollowingsources: • TheAyurvedicPharmacopoeiaofIndia(Vol.ItoIV). • StandardNomenclatureofAyurvedicMedicinalPlants(CCRAS,). • MedicinalPlantsusedinAyurveda(RashtriyaAyurvedaVidyapeeth/National AcademyofAyurveda,). • PlantsofSharangadharaSamhitaby Prof. K.C. Chunekar and Dr. K. Pondel (NationalAcademyofAyurveda,). VIII GuidingFactors • PlantsofBhavaPrakashbyProf. K.C.ChunekarandDr. N.P.Hota(National AcademyofAyurveda,). • Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS). Published literature. • DravyagunVigyaan,Vol.II(Hindi)byDr. PriyavrataSharma(). Unanisynonymshavebeenselectedfromthefollowingsources: • TheNationalFormularyofUnaniMedicine. • CentralCouncilforResearchinUnaniMedicine(CCRUM).Publishedlitera- ture. • UnaniDravyagunaadarsh(Hindi)byDaljitSingh(AyurvedicandTibbiAcade- my,UttarPradesh,Lucknow,). Siddha/Tamilsynonymshavebeenselectedfromthefollowingsources: • Formulary of Siddha Medicine. (Indian Medical Practitioners’ Cooperative PharmacyandStoreLtd.,IMPCOPS,Chennai). • TheWealthofIndia(Vol.IItoXI). • DictionaryofIndianMedicinalPlants(CIMAP). • TheAyurvedicPharmacopoeiaofIndia(Vol.ItoIV). • Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS). Published literature. The medicinal plants shortlisted by the National Academy of Ayurveda and thedepartment ofIndianSystemsof Medicine(AYUSH)havebeenincludedin thebook. Keyapplicationsofmedicinalplantsarebasedonthefollowingsources: • GermanCommissionEmonographs. • ESCOPmonographs. • WHOmonographs. • IndianHerbalPharmacopoeia. • TheAyurvedicPharmacopoeiaofIndia(Vol.ItoIV)fortraditionallyrecognised applications. GuidingFactors IX • TheBritishHerbalPharmacopoeia. • TheBritishHerbalCompendium. • NaturalMedicinesComprehensiveDatabase,. For further study, all major findings and leads, including references to re- searchdocumentsandjournals,canbereachedthroughthefollowingbooks(in sequence): • TheWealthofIndiaFirstSupplementSeries(Vol.ItoV). • TheWealthofIndiaoriginalseries(Vol.IItoXIandrevisedVol.to). • CompendiumofIndianMedicinalPlants(Vol.ItoV,CDRI). • Potter’sNewCyclopaediaofBotanicalDrugsandPreparations(edn). • NaturalMedicinesComprehensiveDatabase,. • PDRforHerbalMedicines,. • TheTreatiseonIndianMedicinalPlants(Vol.ItoVI). • Additionalsources,ascitedatappropriateplaces. Dosage of crude herbs is based on the recommendations of The Ayurvedic PharmacopoeiaofIndia (Vol. I to IV) and StandardNomenclature ofAyurvedic MedicinalPlants(CCRAS). Roman spellings of Ayurvedic synonyms, introduced for the first time by Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth (National Academy of Ayurveda), New Delhi-  , have been followed. Asiatic Society’s markings are now obsolete. The texthasbeenformattedfollowing thestyle-manualofTheWealthofIndiaseries ofCSIR. Detailedreferencesofresearchjournalsarebeyondthepurviewofthisproject. The text is based on authentic treatises which are the outcome of scientific screeningandcriticalevaluationbyeminentscholars. AsIhavealreadyindicated, readers, if they so desire, can always refer back to a particular research paper cited in theoriginal source. I did notfollow thetrend of enumerating research paperswhichwerenotactuallyconsultedbyme. Researchersshouldconsultthe DatabaseonMedicinalPlantsusedinAyurveda series (CCRAS) and Reviewson IndianMedicinalPlantsseries(ICMR)fordetailedbibliography. All Indian common names have been spelled according to their actual pro- nunciation. The way was shown by the National Academy of Ayurveda by introducing aa in the spellings. In The Review of Natural Products (Facts and Comparisons)edition.,Khat,Chaat,Chat,qaad,jaadandMiraahavebeen X GuidingFactors included among thecommon names of Cathaedulis, whilethecommon name of Gymnema sylvestre is spelled as Gurmar instead of Gurmaar. Perhaps the actual pronunciation was not known to theeditors. In India, O is pronounced inaspecificascent,as inOm, thatis thereasonuuisused insteadof oo. Simi- larly,Sanskritsynonymsendwitha,thatiswhyaaisusedforfacilitatingproper pronunciation. These changes have been included so that Indian names are pronouncedcorrectly. Afewwordsofgratitude. Dr. V.K. Agarwal Ph. D. (Medicinal Chemistry), who wasthesenioreditor(chemistryandpharmacology)ofTheWealthofIndiaseries foryears,reviewedtheentiretext.Heremainedcloselyassociatedwithallmy projectsanddeservesmuchmorethanafewformalwordsofthanks.SaritaJoshi, my research associate, bore the brunt of the workload throughout the difficult phasesoftheproject. Forthisshealsodeservesaspecialmention. Finally,Iwouldliketoaddthataconcertedefforthasbeenmadeinthebook torationalise thetherapeuticcoverage of Indianmedicinal plants as part of my commitmenttoscientificherbalism. C.P.Khare SocietyforNewAgeHerbals B-/,JanakPuri,NewDelhi- A Abelmoschus esculentus Abiespindrow Royle. (Linn.)Moench. Synonym (cid:2) A.pindrowSpach. Synonym (cid:2) HibiscusesculentusLinn. A.webbiana Lindl. var. pindrow Brandis. Family (cid:2) Malvaceae. PinuspindrowRoyle. Habitat (cid:2) Native to tropical Africa; Family (cid:2) Pinaceae. cultivated throughoutIndia, up to Habitat (cid:2) Kashmir, Himachal ,m. Pradesh, Tehri-Garhwalandother areasofnorthernIndia,ataltitudes English (cid:2) Gumbo,LadyFinger,Okra. of,–,m. Ayurvedic (cid:2) Bhaandi, Bhindaka, English (cid:2) Pindrow-Fir,Silver-Fir,The Bhendaa. West-HimalayanLow-LevelFir. Unani (cid:2) Baamiyaa. Ayurvedic (cid:2) Taalisha(relatedsp.). Folk (cid:2) Badar, Morinda, Raisalla, Siddha/Tamil (cid:2) Vendai. Ransla. Folk (cid:2) Bhindi,Raamturai. Action (cid:2) Uses similar tothoseof A. webbiana. Action (cid:2) Immature pods (decoc- tion)—emollient, demulcent and Terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides diuretic (in catarrhal affections, and steroids of the leaf were found ardor urine, dysuria, dysentery). to have mast cell stabilizing action in Seeds—antispasmodic. rats. Terpenoids and flavonoids of- fered bronchoprotection against his- Fattyfractionofthefreshwateryex- tamine challenge in guinea pigs. The tract of the seeds causes destruction ulcer protective action of petroleum of cancerous cell growth invitro. The ether, benzene and chloroform frac- pods are reported to exhibit antitu- tion has been attributed to steroidal mour activity. An ethanolic extract contents. Terephthalic acid demethyl of pods was effective against Gram- ester (TADE), isolated from the leaf, positivebacteria. exhibitedprotectionagainstinflamma- The ripe fruits contain quercetin, tionandbronchospasminguineapigs. hyperin (hyperoside), hydrolysate of Ethanolicextractofleavesshowedsig- precipitatedmucilage, proanthocyani- nificant anxiolytic effects on all the dins, D-glucose, D-glucuronic and paradigmsofanxiety,barbituratehyp- galacturonicacids. nosispotentiation. Fresh flowers contain flavonol gly- Pindrolactone, a lanostane-based cosidesandanthocyanins. triterpene lactone, isolated from the

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