Indian Medicinal Plants - An Illustrated Dictionary

836 Pages·2010·8.25 MB·English

by  C.P. Khare

IndianMedicinalPlants
C.P. Khare (Ed.)
Indian Medicinal Plants
An Illustrated Dictionary
WithPicturesofCrudeHerbs
123
Author
C.P.Khare
B-/,JanakPuri
NewDelhi-
India
[email protected]
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ISBN:----Springer-VerlagBerlin/Heidelberg
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NewYork,NY,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarly
analysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadap-
tation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafter
developedisforbidden.Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,
andsimilarterms,eveniftheyarenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionof
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Dedicatedto
thedistinguishedscientist
Dr.A.P.J.AdbulKalam
whorevivedthegloryof
Indianmedicinalandaromaticplants
intheRashtrapatiBhawan.
Guiding Factors
Firstofall, letmeacknowledgewithgratitudethecontribution ofthefollowing
referenceworkswhichsynchronisedthesynonymsandmedicinal propertiesof
Indianmedicinalplants:
• ACatalogueofIndianSynonymsoftheMedicinalPlantsofIndia by Moodeen
Sheriff(). (ThefirstexhaustivecompilationofsynonymsofIndianmedic-
inalplantsinregionallanguages,besidesLatinandEnglish).
• IndianMedicinalPlantsbyLt.Col. K.R.KirtikarandMajorB.D.Basu().
• GlossaryofIndianMedicinalPlantsbyCol. SirRamNathChopraetal. (CSIR,
).
• UsefulPlantsofIndia (CSIR, ; based on TheWealthofIndia series, Vol. I
,Vol.XI).
• DictionaryofIndianMedicinalPlantsbyAkhtarHusainetal. (CIMAP,).
Basedonthislegacy,IndianMedicinalPlants.AnIllustratedDictionaryisaimed
at bringing out an updated Active Study Dictionary of plant sources of Indian
medicine, as a companion volume of my earlier book Encyclopedia of Indian
MedicinalPlants/IndianHerbalRemedies,publishedbySpringer.
Ayurvedicsynonymshavebeenselectedfromthefollowingsources:
• TheAyurvedicPharmacopoeiaofIndia(Vol.ItoIV).
• StandardNomenclatureofAyurvedicMedicinalPlants(CCRAS,).
• MedicinalPlantsusedinAyurveda(RashtriyaAyurvedaVidyapeeth/National
AcademyofAyurveda,).
• PlantsofSharangadharaSamhitaby Prof. K.C. Chunekar and Dr. K. Pondel
(NationalAcademyofAyurveda,).
VIII GuidingFactors
• PlantsofBhavaPrakashbyProf. K.C.ChunekarandDr. N.P.Hota(National
AcademyofAyurveda,).
• Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS). Published
literature.
• DravyagunVigyaan,Vol.II(Hindi)byDr. PriyavrataSharma().
Unanisynonymshavebeenselectedfromthefollowingsources:
• TheNationalFormularyofUnaniMedicine.
• CentralCouncilforResearchinUnaniMedicine(CCRUM).Publishedlitera-
ture.
• UnaniDravyagunaadarsh(Hindi)byDaljitSingh(AyurvedicandTibbiAcade-
my,UttarPradesh,Lucknow,).
Siddha/Tamilsynonymshavebeenselectedfromthefollowingsources:
• Formulary of Siddha Medicine. (Indian Medical Practitioners’ Cooperative
PharmacyandStoreLtd.,IMPCOPS,Chennai).
• TheWealthofIndia(Vol.IItoXI).
• DictionaryofIndianMedicinalPlants(CIMAP).
• TheAyurvedicPharmacopoeiaofIndia(Vol.ItoIV).
• Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha (CCRAS). Published
literature.
The medicinal plants shortlisted by the National Academy of Ayurveda and
thedepartment ofIndianSystemsof Medicine(AYUSH)havebeenincludedin
thebook.
Keyapplicationsofmedicinalplantsarebasedonthefollowingsources:
• GermanCommissionEmonographs.
• ESCOPmonographs.
• WHOmonographs.
• IndianHerbalPharmacopoeia.
• TheAyurvedicPharmacopoeiaofIndia(Vol.ItoIV)fortraditionallyrecognised
applications.
GuidingFactors IX
• TheBritishHerbalPharmacopoeia.
• TheBritishHerbalCompendium.
• NaturalMedicinesComprehensiveDatabase,.
For further study, all major findings and leads, including references to re-
searchdocumentsandjournals,canbereachedthroughthefollowingbooks(in
sequence):
• TheWealthofIndiaFirstSupplementSeries(Vol.ItoV).
• TheWealthofIndiaoriginalseries(Vol.IItoXIandrevisedVol.to).
• CompendiumofIndianMedicinalPlants(Vol.ItoV,CDRI).
• Potter’sNewCyclopaediaofBotanicalDrugsandPreparations(edn).
• NaturalMedicinesComprehensiveDatabase,.
• PDRforHerbalMedicines,.
• TheTreatiseonIndianMedicinalPlants(Vol.ItoVI).
• Additionalsources,ascitedatappropriateplaces.
Dosage of crude herbs is based on the recommendations of The Ayurvedic
PharmacopoeiaofIndia (Vol. I to IV) and StandardNomenclature ofAyurvedic
MedicinalPlants(CCRAS).
Roman spellings of Ayurvedic synonyms, introduced for the first time by
Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth (National Academy of Ayurveda), New Delhi-
 , have been followed. Asiatic Society’s markings are now obsolete. The
texthasbeenformattedfollowing thestyle-manualofTheWealthofIndiaseries
ofCSIR.
Detailedreferencesofresearchjournalsarebeyondthepurviewofthisproject.
The text is based on authentic treatises which are the outcome of scientific
screeningandcriticalevaluationbyeminentscholars. AsIhavealreadyindicated,
readers, if they so desire, can always refer back to a particular research paper
cited in theoriginal source. I did notfollow thetrend of enumerating research
paperswhichwerenotactuallyconsultedbyme. Researchersshouldconsultthe
DatabaseonMedicinalPlantsusedinAyurveda series (CCRAS) and Reviewson
IndianMedicinalPlantsseries(ICMR)fordetailedbibliography.
All Indian common names have been spelled according to their actual pro-
nunciation. The way was shown by the National Academy of Ayurveda by
introducing aa in the spellings. In The Review of Natural Products (Facts and
Comparisons)edition.,Khat,Chaat,Chat,qaad,jaadandMiraahavebeen
X GuidingFactors
included among thecommon names of Cathaedulis, whilethecommon name
of Gymnema sylvestre is spelled as Gurmar instead of Gurmaar. Perhaps the
actual pronunciation was not known to theeditors. In India, O is pronounced
inaspecificascent,as inOm, thatis thereasonuuisused insteadof oo. Simi-
larly,Sanskritsynonymsendwitha,thatiswhyaaisusedforfacilitatingproper
pronunciation. These changes have been included so that Indian names are
pronouncedcorrectly.
Afewwordsofgratitude. Dr. V.K. Agarwal Ph. D. (Medicinal Chemistry), who
wasthesenioreditor(chemistryandpharmacology)ofTheWealthofIndiaseries
foryears,reviewedtheentiretext.Heremainedcloselyassociatedwithallmy
projectsanddeservesmuchmorethanafewformalwordsofthanks.SaritaJoshi,
my research associate, bore the brunt of the workload throughout the difficult
phasesoftheproject. Forthisshealsodeservesaspecialmention.
Finally,Iwouldliketoaddthataconcertedefforthasbeenmadeinthebook
torationalise thetherapeuticcoverage of Indianmedicinal plants as part of my
commitmenttoscientificherbalism.
C.P.Khare
SocietyforNewAgeHerbals
B-/,JanakPuri,NewDelhi-
A
Abelmoschus esculentus Abiespindrow Royle.
(Linn.)Moench.
Synonym (cid:2) A.pindrowSpach.
Synonym (cid:2) HibiscusesculentusLinn. A.webbiana Lindl. var. pindrow
Brandis.
Family (cid:2) Malvaceae. PinuspindrowRoyle.
Habitat (cid:2) Native to tropical Africa; Family (cid:2) Pinaceae.
cultivated throughoutIndia, up to Habitat (cid:2) Kashmir, Himachal
,m. Pradesh, Tehri-Garhwalandother
areasofnorthernIndia,ataltitudes
English (cid:2) Gumbo,LadyFinger,Okra.
of,–,m.
Ayurvedic (cid:2) Bhaandi, Bhindaka, English (cid:2) Pindrow-Fir,Silver-Fir,The
Bhendaa. West-HimalayanLow-LevelFir.
Unani (cid:2) Baamiyaa. Ayurvedic (cid:2) Taalisha(relatedsp.).
Folk (cid:2) Badar, Morinda, Raisalla,
Siddha/Tamil (cid:2) Vendai.
Ransla.
Folk (cid:2) Bhindi,Raamturai. Action (cid:2) Uses similar tothoseof A.
webbiana.
Action (cid:2) Immature pods (decoc-
tion)—emollient, demulcent and Terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides
diuretic (in catarrhal affections, and steroids of the leaf were found
ardor urine, dysuria, dysentery). to have mast cell stabilizing action in
Seeds—antispasmodic. rats. Terpenoids and flavonoids of-
fered bronchoprotection against his-
Fattyfractionofthefreshwateryex- tamine challenge in guinea pigs. The
tract of the seeds causes destruction ulcer protective action of petroleum
of cancerous cell growth invitro. The ether, benzene and chloroform frac-
pods are reported to exhibit antitu- tion has been attributed to steroidal
mour activity. An ethanolic extract contents. Terephthalic acid demethyl
of pods was effective against Gram- ester (TADE), isolated from the leaf,
positivebacteria. exhibitedprotectionagainstinflamma-
The ripe fruits contain quercetin, tionandbronchospasminguineapigs.
hyperin (hyperoside), hydrolysate of Ethanolicextractofleavesshowedsig-
precipitatedmucilage, proanthocyani- nificant anxiolytic effects on all the
dins, D-glucose, D-glucuronic and paradigmsofanxiety,barbituratehyp-
galacturonicacids. nosispotentiation.
Fresh flowers contain flavonol gly- Pindrolactone, a lanostane-based
cosidesandanthocyanins. triterpene lactone, isolated from the