Indian Logic: A Reader

229 Pages·2001·3.138 MB·English

by  Jonardon Ganeri (ed)

INDIANL OGIC
A READER
Edtiebdy
JonarGdaonne ri
CURZON
FirPsutbi lshien2d 0 01
byC urzPornse s
RichmoSnurdr,e y
ht:t/p/ww.wcurpzrsoesn.kc o.u
EditoMraitat©le 2r 00J1o narGdaonne ri
TyepsientS aobnb yL ascerriSLpttdM ,i tchSaumr,r ey
Prinatnedbd o unidn aGtrB eritbayi n
TJI nternaPtaidtoson waC,lo ,r nwall
Alrli grhetssee drN.vo p arotft hibso omka yb er eprionrt ed
reopdrucoerud it liisnae ndfy o romr b ya neyl ectronic,
mechcaanolir,o thmeera nnso,wk nowonrh ereafter
invenitnecdl,up dhiontgo coapnydric enogr dionrig na, n y
informsattoirooanrrg eet riseyvsatle m, pweirtmhiosiusnti on
writfirnogtm h peu blis.h ers
BritLiisabhrr Cya taloignPu uiinbgcli aotDna at
A caatlogrueec oorftd h ibso oiksa vailfarbotlmhe Be r itLiisbhr ary
Liabrroyf C ongrCeastsa loignPu uiinbgcl atDiaotna
A catalroegcuofero tdrh ibso ohka bse erne quested
ISB0N- 7007-1(3H0b6k-)9
ISB0N- 7007-1(3P2b9k-)8
Contents
Praecfe Vll
InotdruicotnI:n diLaonig ca ndt hCeo lioznatoifRo ena son 1
Jo narGdaonne ri
ChapterT h1eP: h oioslphoyft hHei ndsu:On t hNey aya
andVa ies�iSkyas te(m12s84) 26
HenrT. yC oblreo eo k
Chapt2e:r O nI ndiLaonig c( 1583) 59
MaxM uller
Chapt3e:r A Notoen t hIen diSaynl lo(g91i24s)m 75
H. RNa.nl de
Chapt4e:r S tudiinIe nsd iLaogni (c91 3-23) 93
StaniSsclhaawy er
Chapt5e:r O nt hMee thoodfR esaercihn tNoy ay(a91 33) 120
StaniSsclhaawy er
ChapterL o6ig:ci nI nd(i91a5 5) 110
DaniHe.l IHn.g alls
ChapterT h7eI: n dian VoafLr oiigec(t 91y56 ) 117
1.M .B ohcneski
v
Conttes n
Chapte8r: TheC oncepotfP aks.ai nI ndiaLno gi(c1 973) 151
JF.. S taal
Chapt9e:r SomeA specotfst heN avya-NyaTyhae oroyf
Inference (1987) 126
SibajBihabttacanhy ayra
Chapte1r0 :I ntroducIinndgi aLno gi(c1 998) 183
BmiaKlr isMhantai lal
ReadinignIs n diLoaginc 216
VI
Preface
Them odersnt uodfyc lassIincdaislay ns toefml so gbiecg awni th
H.T. Colebr'o'sio dskceovoeftr hyHe'i ndu sy-lals ocghiefsmomar
corrreecoatns iansg dreiesbdic nt heera lIyn ditaenx.T t hser epoorft
hidsi osvcetroyt hReo yaAls iaStociicye i tn1 284l etdo a fl urry of
inteesirtnI ndilaong itch neie nxt th irtya tyteraartcsht,ei ntagit otnen
eveonft hbee slto gicoifta hntesi mpee,o pleB oloilakened D e
Morg.aI nnteirnte hsIetn dimaa,nt erwiaassl usf ficigerneftaoltry the
celebrIantdeodl oMgaxi Msutl letrob ea sketdoc otnribaunt e
appdeinoxn ' Indiant ooL nooegf ti hcse't andlagoritdce txbookosf
thpee irodTh.e next liantn hdem awrekss ttueodrfyn Inldoigainc
wast hpeu baltiicboynH .N .R andolfea na rtiocntl heIe n dian
sylloignti hshemi ghrleys pepchltioeosdp hijcuoarnla Mli nidn1 294.
Moderrne asrecihn tIon dilaoingch adt ow aihto,w e,vu enrttihle
worokf S tanislawi ntS hc1eh9 a3y0Sescrh. a wyaesarm athematical
logiwchioat nr aiunneddLe urk aeswiictzhg,er ePaotl iisnhtp erreter
ofA rsito'tssly ellotghioesrSty.ci hca syw eorro'kn I ndilaoingc kmeadr
a turnpionign tf,oh re b ruoghat d etaiklneowdl eodfwg ees tern
logitchaelot rohy i isn tperretaotfti hoIenn disayns t.eH miassr itcles
arfeo r the tfirralsnatst hteeidrim ene tE onl gisFhu.r tphieoerne ring
worwka sd onbeyD aniIegnla lwlhos,sb eo oMka terfiorta hlSest udy
ofN avya-NLoygaiy(9ca15 1)is s tiald le finitteritaviesa en,d1 M..
Bohcenswkhois,ce h apotneI rna dnil oigci nh iAs H istoofFro yr mal
Log(i91c5 6a)g abirnuo ghtth Ien disayns tteomt sh aet toenno tfi
westsercnh olmaurcsha, sC olber oeos'kh ada hundraenddt hirty
yeabrfeso .rF eriSttsa awli diersle yg aradsaev de rays tiunttepe rreter
ofI ndilaongb iecc aoufsh eia sri tcloents h teo piintc h lea t1e90 6s
Vll
Praecfe
and early1 970s,a ndsi nhciemt he woofSr ikb aajnBi hbattacrhyaya
and BimaNll atrielapelrn etstsh el atreesastre cihno t teh suebcjt
(nideedM,a itallsl 'aasntmd o sptne etirnawgto rokn I ndilaoingch as
onlrye ctelanyn dp ostmhouuysb leepnu bslheid.)W itthh ewiorkr a
moderanu idenccnae bgeinfi naltloyu ndsetrantdh ed istinctive
conutroosfI ndnil agoiwch,e riedt i fsff eorrmt hwee setrtnh reyoa,s
welalsw herieto verlaanpdws h,e rietu sn iqueannedps otse ntial
lise.
Thea rticcollleesc theedrw ee roerg iinaplulbsyleh ida sf olslo:w
[1C]o lebrHo.oT. k (e1, 82"4O)nt hPeh liopshoyo ft hHei nsdu:
ParIt-I O nt hNey ayaan Vda eissihksasy te"m.Tsr nasaincosto fte h
RoyAaslia tSioccit ey1 :9 21-18.[ 2M]il lel,r M(.81 5)3 "nIdian
Logi"cP. rinatsae ndA ppentdoiT xho msno,W .( 8153A)n,O ultine
oft ehN ecsesaLrayw osfT hougth3.r edd iotnLi.o ndoLnon:gm ans,
Gree,na ndC o.[ 3R]a ned,Hl .N .( 1294)" AN ote tohInen dian
Syolglsim."M in3d3 :3 9-8414[.4 S]hc ay,eS rt(.1 29-3)3" tSudiine s
IndiLaong i1c:T.h eI ndiaanndA rsitoitaeSnly lilmsos.g2 :A ncient
IndiAannt icipoafPt ripooontssii onLaolgc i"B.u lletIinnt etrinnoaal
del 'cAadePmiooelan isdee s Sceited necLsee tst rCelsa,s dsee
PhilloogK irea,k ,ollI .w 4-:69 8-21 (01392a)n dllI. 1-69:0- 96
(193K3r)aok.w T.r ansliantteEodn glbiysJ ho eTrusgk e[.5S ]hc ay,e r
St(.91 33")Ub edri Mee thoddeeNr y aya-cFhour"nsi,gn O .S tnea ind
W.G amebretd sF.e,s trisffcurthM oriWtizn te2r4n-7i2t75z.L: ep izig.
TranslaitnetEdon glbiysJ hoe rTgus k.e[ 6I]n glalDs.,H . (H9.15 )5
"Logcii nI nad"iE.n tirnty h Een cyclioap iaaBtnerndi1c4tahe, di tion,
vo8l.3: 1 1-132r;er pinbtyep dem rissioonfE nccylaoepidaB ritaan,n ic
In.c[ ]7B ohcensIkM.i. ,( 9156")Th eI ndiVaarni eotfLy o gci"i,nh is
A HistoofFr oymr aLlo g.Fi rceibTurarng.sI .T. h oamsN,o tDrea me:
UniverosfNi ottyDr eam eP re(s91s61 )p,p. 4 16-447[.8 S]t aFarli.,t s
(1739)".Th eC onceopfPt a ki�naI ndiLaongc i"J,o nuarolfI ndian
Phisloop2h:1y 5 -666r;e preidbn ytp emrissoifo nK lAucwdaeerm ic
Pubslhie.[r 9sB]h attachaSry.(y 1a9),8" 7SmoeA speocftt hse yNaa­v
NyayTah eoorfyI nfeer"ec,nhc apteorf D 1o7u, bB teileafn d
Knowlgeed( DlehiI:n diCaonnu ciolf P hlioosphicRaeelsra hc),
pp.2 452-6,7i ncorpotrhaet iotnfheg ix "stTh eM iddTleer "mN, orte
DamJeo urnoafFl o rmLaolg 9i (c1 698r)e;pn rtiebdyp ermisosfi on
thIen diCaonnu ciolfP hliosiocpahRle srecah[.1 0M]a tilBa.Kl .,
(919)8".nI troduIcnidniLgao ng" i,Cc hapt1e orfJ onradoGna neri
andH eeramTainw aersdi.,T, h Ceh aracotfLe ogri icnI ndSiUNaY,
Pre(s1s99 8p)p,.1 3-0b;yp emrissoifo nSt theaU tnei verosfNi etwy
YorPkr e.©s sSattUen iveorsfNi etwYy o r.Ak lRli ghRteessr dv.e
Vlll
Precfea
Iw oullditk oet haJnoke Trusgk beot hf ovre raybl yt raantsiltnhge
arctlibeysS taniSsclhaawiy netEron glainsfdho brr inghiidnseg tl aeid
knowleodfIg ned ilagonit co b eairnh elpmienp gl atnh ivso lu.m eI
wouladl sloit keot haJnoka nthParni fcoecr om miisosnitnhgbe o ok
foCru roznP rses.
]o nardGoann eri
IX
Introduction:
IndiaLno giacn dt he
ColonizaotfiR oena son
Jo nardoGnan eri
1 LOGICE ASTAND WEST
In1 95H5.,H .P rciew,h ow ast henW ytkheeh Parmeo sfrso of gLioc
inO xfdo,rw rotaena rtiecnlteeid "t TlheP reensRte ltiaobnewste en
Easnt aenrdWe stne Prhlioshoy"p.He r eoprttsh ehriebs e liine ft he
exsitenocfea "vacshta "s mseapartintgh e tpwhloio shoipcal
tradnisot,in ooef w hic"hl kosoo utwaarndid cs oncewrinteLhdog ic
andw itthh ep respuopstiioonfss cienktniofilwceg det;h eo ther
inawrdi,n ttoh e' deyeeptd azzlidnagrn kesso'f t hem ystical
conscnieo"su( ss15952:22 )W.h iltehj eo obft hWee stpehrlinoo spher
itsh aen alsay nscdial rificoaftt ihcoeon n ctewsph icghr ousnicde ntific
enqruyti,h Eea tsermno,r pea rticIunldairpalhlnyi,o shoepirss iadt o
exlporae " mysterainodfu nusd amenstotar olf s efl-nkowlgee"d,
whicthh,o uigtch a nnboelt i tedreaslclryci abbnee d" ,ps okeonfi n
paradoxaensdp aarbsl"e( 91552:2 7.F) orP rciet,h eirsea sharp
diviosfic ounl tluarobau:lrW estnea rnEda steprhlnio shoeprasrn eo t
tob et hougohfst i mpalsyg ividnigff eraennstsw t eort hse ame
perenpnhliiaolsh oipcpaulzz letsh;ec ya hnar dlbyer egaredveeadns
askitnhge sqaumteeins os.
Prciei,dn eegdi,v eexsrp eosnst ioa d ogmoan,we h icbhyh itsi me
haad cuqrietdh set aotfua sno rhtodoyx,b uwth ichhai st rso soi tna n
earlpieerdri. Mo ost liitwk aeslty r,a ntsemtdio tP rcied,i reocrt ly
indcitrlebyy,S ravepRaaldlhia kriswhhnoal ni,va enddt augihnt
Oxofrdi n tlhaet1 e9 3s0,a ndw hosree rpeesntatoifoI nnsds i a'
itnellepcatswutea rlae l mousnvtie rlsyaa nldu ncritaiccctaelepbldyy
hiEsn glpihsliho shoiapcla udiceenA.cc orndgti oR ahdaksrhinan,
1
IntdruoctIinodniL:aog nia cn tdeh C oloanitnioo zfR eaosn
Indipahni losio"sps ehesyn tisaplilary"il, dt oumniatbeydt hsep iritual
moitv,se tmiulabtyet dhp er boelmso fr eilgi,so unbcjtveies,p eactuilve
ands ynth(e1t9i2c3 : 2"4T-h3ew0 h)o.lc eo urosfHe i ndpuhl ioso-
.
phy"h,es asy,"s i cano tniuouasf firmaotfti hotner utthhai tn sight
introe tayld ioenso t corne atnhyartloiuicgnahltl ee lc(t91"3 [71 79:7
65)]H.i so wna ntiptaotwhayrl gdoisic sg rounidne dbh eilsti heaft
lgoihca nso thtiond gow itthh ree aplu rspeoo fp hlioshoynp,am eyl
thaet tainomfse pnitr iitnusailg ht:
Witiht psro fousnneds oef s pirirteutaaylbl ir onogd iotvheer
worlodfo uorr dineaxrpyee nrciIen,d itahno umgahytp erhaps
weanus m odernfsr oam tooe xclvueps rioeccautpiwoint h
selcaulri foert het emporfaorrym ulaitnwi hoincslh go ical
thouhgahtsto oof tseongu htto i mporniss piriatpsuiarla tions
(F"ragmeonfat C so fness"i,po .7n .)
Itis b ohtr emkaarbalnesd g inifictahnastto meoanswe e lalc qnutaeid
witthh oer igsiuonraclae sRs a hdaksrhinasnh ouplrodp onuds cuha
viewI nodfi tahno ugFhotr. e txhies toefsn tcreo rnagt iolngocaiall,
ande mpirtirciesntdI sdn iiatnnh uoghwta sw elkln onw boht to
nniettehec netnurEyu roplegoacini a,an ss wetloOl r iaesn taalnids ts
histoorfil aocng.sTi hep otsiioonft hsoew ho,lk ieR ahdakrishnan
andP rcies,e eI nidni pahlnio shoyap r aidaclnlyon -Eueraomnpo de
oft ohughtd,e pentdehsr efoonra e d elibecrhaotioecne ew, h ich
ivnolvtehsee x cluosfit oenxd tesan lgwi itthh cea noonfss uond
argumeonrwt i,t thh cer itgeoreviran irnaigto naasles nto,rw ith
grammaanrdt hpeh lioshoypo fl anguaangdet ,h per omootnio f
regliioaunsd s toerioltoegxiwtchsoa slte eh mei st hien otpsrective
metohdolougnydr elyiwnhagt w asc all'etdhs et yu doft hseu ol'
(amtavi)dA.ysR ii .I ndeinnh, i rse ncteb okoI magiInnidnwigra y,l y
obsevers",To g eutst ot hipso i[ntthp eoi nattw hicthhU ep anaids�
andV edantitce xtss eaearnsec onntniagit hee ssteinaolfIs n dian
phlioshoyp]o urg uisd heavaerl eya dhadt om akes moec aruelf
sleceti"o( n1s9901:0 1).
Ib leietvheat ths ees eelctiwoenr,ste oa m orceno sdeiraebe lxtent
thains u usalrleyoc gsnieda, p roduocftt h ec oolneidsI ndian
itnecltluesatlr ufgogarln ei ngdeinonuosn,- EuroipdeeanntT,iht ey .
devaluoaftr iaiotonn aellieesmntt isnI ndipahnoi slohipaclt ohuhgt
arose in paorf't n vabittesi'tc raeunisdnets h Ien dinaant ionalist
movemeanttt,e mtpofit nsdi nI nd'ispa assto emthirnagcd ailnloyn ­
Europweiatnwh h icthoc nofrotnhtce lo oniianrltu siWohna.tt h ey
founwda sa Vedanstyisct germon udeidn c ernt 'aufindame'n tal
2