Indian Archaeology 1978-79 A Review - Archaeological Survey of

276 Pages·2008·7.62 MB·English

by  Sunil Jairath

Cover: murals
from Alchi,
Ladakh

August, 1981
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Price : Rs. 80.00
PRINTED AT NABA MUDRAN PRIVATE LTD., CALCUTTA 700 004
PREFACE
With the publication of this issue of the Review, the backlog of the arrears has almost been
cleared and we look forward with renewed hope and complacency to the timely publication of
the future issues: The issue for the current year, viz. 1979-80 is under compilation and should
be out before the next one falls due.
It will be noticed that in this issue, the material under Explorations and Excavations has
been presented in a different manner than that of the earlier issues, for which we owe an
explanation to the readers. It may be recalled that during the last Five Year Plan period it was
decided to re-orient and rouse to action the praiseworthy Scheme relating to the Survey of
Antiquarian Remains which aimed at preparing a full gazetteer of antiquities in the country.
While active participation and full involvement of the universities in this Scheme was considered
necessary it was found equally important that besides village-to-village survey, fruitful results
could be obtained by undertaking problem-oriented surveys in certain selected areas. In the
like manner, for excavations some national projects were identified with a view to filling the gaps in
our existing knowledge of various cultural periods, extending from the palaeolithic to the
medieval. Consistent with the requirements, fieldwork was organized accordingly and the results
obtained therefrom have been presented in a logical and easily accessible order, describing
first the explorations and then the excavations. We do hope that the present arrangement would be
found more useful to the scholars.
As usual, I am grateful to all the contributors both from the Survey as also from the various
State Governments, universities and other research institutions for sending their material
without which the usefulness of the Review to Indian archaeology would not have been possible.
Concluding on a personal note I may add that this is the last issue edited by me and I take this
opportunity of thanking my colleagues in the Survey, particularly those in the Publications
Branch, for the cooperation and tolerance shown to me in my functions as the editor.
New Delhi B. K. THAPAR
31 December, 1980

CONTENTS
PAGE
I. Explorations and Excavations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1
1. Explorations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1
A. Village to Village Surveys of Antiquarian Remains and Other Explorations, 1.
Andhra Pradesh, 1 ; Gujarat, 4 ; Haryana, 8 ; Karnataka, 9 ; Kerala, 10 ; Madhya
Pradesh, 10; Maharashtra, 16; Punjab, 17; Rajasthan, 19; Tamil Nadu, 20; Uttar Pradesh, 21.
B. Problem Oriented Surveys, 25.
Andhra Pradesh, 25; Gujarat, 25; Jammu and Kashmir, 25; Haryana, 26; Karnataka, 26;
Kerala, 27; Madhya Pradesh, 27; Maharashtra, 28; Manipur, 29; Meghalaya, 30;
Rajasthan, 31; Tamil Nadu, 33; West Bengal, 34.
2. Excavations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 35
A. National Projects and Major Excavations, 35.
Andhra Pradesh, 35; Bihar, 41; Karnataka, 43; Maharashtra, 46; Uttar Pradesh, 53.
B. Other Excavations, 62.
Andhra Pradesh, 62; Bihar, 67; Gujarat, 67; Haryana, 68; Jammu and Kashmir, 69; Madhya
Pradesh, 70; Maharashtra, 71; Tamil Nadu, 72; Uttar Pradesh, 73.
II. Epigraphy ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 76
Sanskritic and Dravidic Inscriptions, 76.
Andhra Pradesh, 76; Goa, Daman and Diu, 77; Gujarat, 77; Haryana, 79; Karnataka, 79;
Madhya Pradesh, 81; Maharashtra, 83; Punjab, 83; Tamil Nadu, 83.
Arabic and Persian Inscriptions, 84.
Andhra Pradesh, 84; Gujarat, 85; Karnataka, 85; Madhya Pradesh, 86; Maharashtra, 86;
Orissa, 86; Rajasthan, 86; Uttar Pradesh, 88.
III. Numismatics and Treasure Trove ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 89
Andhra Pradesh, 89; Karnataka, 89; Madhya Pradesh, 90; Punjab, 91; Rajasthan, 91.
IV. Other Important Discoveries ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... 92
Andhra Pradesh, 92; Bihar, 93; Gujarat, 94; Haryana, 95; Jammu and Kashmir, 96;
Karnataka, 96; Kerala, 97; Madhya Pradesh, 97; Maharashtra, 98; Manipur, 99; Punjab, 99;
Rajasthan, 99; Tamil Nadu, 100; Uttar Pradesh, 101; West Bengal, 102.
V. Radiocarbon Dates ... ... ... ... ... ... 103
Andhra Pradesh, 103; Assam, 104; Haryana, 104; Karnataka, 104; Maharashtra, 104; Punjab, 105; Uttar
Pradesh, 106.
VI. Palaeobotanical and Pollen Analytical Investigations ... ... ... ... ... 108
Samples from India, 108.
Gujarat, 108; Maharashtra, 108; Rajasthan, 108; Uttar Pradesh, 109.
Samples from Abroad, 110.
Pakistan, 110.
VII. Museums … … … … … … … 111
VIII. Architectural Survey of Temples ... ... ... ... ... 115
Northern Region, 115.
Southern Region, 116.
INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1978-79-A REVIEW
IX. Preservation of Monuments ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 119
Monuments of National Importance, 119.
Central Circle, 119; Delhi Circle, 123; Eastern Circle, 124; Mid-eastern Circle, 126; Mid-southern
Circle, 127; Northern Circle, 131; North-western Circle, 133; Southern Circle, 139; South-eastern
Circle, 142; South-western Circle, 143; Western Circle, 144.
Monuments maintained by the States, 146.
Haryana, 146; Karnataka, 147; Madhya Pradesh, 147; Punjab, 148; Uttar Pradesh, 148.
X. Archaeological Chemistry ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 149
Treatment of Monuments and Paintings, 149.
Andhra Pradesh, 149; Bihar, 149; Delhi, 149; Gujarat, 150; Haryana, 150; Karnataka, 151; Madhya
Pradesh, 151; Maharashtra, 152; Orissa, 153; Rajasthan, 153; Tamil Nadu, 154; Uttar Pradesh, 154;
West Bengal, 156.
Treatment of Excavated Objects and Museum Exhibits, 156.
XI. Archaeological Gardens ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 159
Andhra Pradesh, 159; Bihar, 159; Delhi, 159; Goa, Daman and Diu, 160; Gujarat, 160; Jammu and
Kashmir, 160; Karnataka, 160; Madhya Pradesh, 161; Maharashtra, 161; Orissa, 161; Rajasthan, 161;
Uttar Pradesh, 162.
XII. Publications ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 163
Publications of the Survey, 163.
Other Publications, 163.
INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1978-79

—A REVIEW

I. EXPLORATIONS AND EXCAVATIONS
1. EXPLORATIONS
A. VILLAGE TO VILLAGE SURVEYS OF ANTIQUARIAN REMAINS AND OTHER
EXPLORATIONS1
Andhra Pradesh
1. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT KRISHNA.—In the course of his exploration, Shri C. L. N.
Sastry of the South-eastern Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India,2 discovered the
following sites.

District Taluk Village/Site Cultural assemblage
Krishna Bandar Akulamannadu Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Balliparru Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Chittiguduru Early historical and Sculptures
-do- -do- Chodavaram Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Gudur Medieval temples, Inscriptions and Sculp-
tures
-do- -do- Jinjeru Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Kankata Early historical, Medieval and Sculptures
-do- -do- Konkepudi Medieval temples and Sculptures
-do- -do- Kuduru Medieval
-do- -do- Madaka Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Mukkollu Early historical and Sculptures
-do- -do- Nadupur Sculptures
-do- -do- Nandampur Medieval
-do- -do- Polavaram Sculptures
-do- -do- Ramanujavarahapalle Sculptures
-do- -do- Serivarthalahopalle Medieval
-do- -do- Tarakatur Early historical
-do- -do- Vadlamannadu Early historical and Sculptures
1 Items 1-3, 5, 7, 11-12, 14-17, 21-22, 25-29 and 31-34 relate to explorations under the Village-to-Village
Survey of Antiquarian Remains Scheme while the remaining ones relate to other explorations under individual
programmes.
2 The Archaeological Survey of India is referred to in the following pages as the 'Survey'.
1
INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1978-79-A REVIEW

District Taluk Village/Site Cultural assemblage
Krishna Nandigama Aitavaram Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Amburupeta Medieval and Sculptures
-do- -do- Amarevaram Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Atukuru Neolithic
-do- -do- Bandipalem Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Bathenapadu Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Bellamkondapalem Early historical
-do- -do- Bodavada Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Chennaraopalem Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Chevitikallu Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Dachavaram Early historical, Medieval and Coins
-do- -do- Eturu Early historical, Medieval and Sculptures
-do- -do- Gandepalle Early historical, Medieval and Sculptures
-do- -do- Gottukukkala Early historical and Coins
-do- -do- Jagannadhapuram Medieval
-do- -do- Jammavaram Medieval
-do- -do- Jujjuru Early historical and Medieval, Medieval
temples, Sculptures and Inscriptions
-do- -do- Kasarabada Medieval
-do- -do- Kesara Early historical, Medieval and Sculptures
-do- -do- Kethaveerunipadu Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Kodavatikallu Neolithic and Early historical
-do- -do- Konakanchi Early historical and Inscriptions
-do- -do- Konathalapalle Medieval
-do- -do- Kunikanapadu Neolithic, Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Moguluru Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Nawabpeta Early historical, Medieval temples and Ins-
criptions
-do- -do- Pallempalle Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Paritala Medieval
-do- -do- Patempadu Medieval
-do- -do- Pokkunuru Early historical, Medieval Inscriptions and
Sculptures
-do- -do- Rangapuram Medieval
-do- -do- Sanagapadu Neolithic, Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Thadigummi Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Thotacherla Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do Thotaravulapadu Inscriptions
-do- -do- Timmapuram Sculptures and Inscriptions
-do- -do- Vellanki Early historical, Medieval and Coins
-do- -do- Vemulapalle Medieval
-do- -do- Verakampadu Sculptures
-do- -do- Yenganayakunipalem Early historical and Medieval
-do- Vijayawada Chilukur Early historical
-do- -do- Damuluru Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Duggirallapadu Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Madhavavaram Medieval and Sculptures
EXPLORATIONS AND EXCAVATIONS
2. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT MAHBUBNAGAR.—In the course of his exploration, Shri
P. Sitarama Murthy of the South-eastern Circle of the Survey discovered the following sites.

District Taluk Village/Site Cultural assemblage
Mahbubnagar Alampur Aburdidpad Early historical
-do- -do- Amarawai Medieval and Sculptures
-do- -do- Bhairapur Late Medieval temples
-do- -do- Bhecmavaram Early historical, Sculptures and Inscriptions
-do- -do- Boravelli Medieval and temples
-do- -do- Chagapur Early Medieval and Medieval temples
-do- -do- Chennipad Late Medieval temples and Inscriptions
-do- -do- Dharmawaram Early historical and Megaliths
-do- -do- Imampur Medieval
-do- -do- Jallapur Early historical and Medieval
-do- -do- Kalakuntla Medieval and Sculptures
-do- -do- Konair Medieval and temples
-do- -do- Korvipad Medieval temples and fort
-do- -do- Linganwai Medieval and temples
-do- -do- Maddur Megaliths, Medieval and temples
-do- -do- Manopad Early Medieval temples
-do- -do- Pallepad Medieval temples
-do- -do- Possalpad Early historical
-do- -do- Rajoli Early historical
-do- -do- Rampur Early Medieval temples
-do- -do- Sasnool Early historical
-do- -do- Timmapur Medieval and Sculptures
-do- -do- Uddandapur Medieval
-do- -do- Undavelli Medieval and temples
-do- -do- Vallur Medieval
-do- -do- Vemula Early historical and Medieval
3. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT PRAKASAM.—In the course of his exploration, Shri R. V. Siva
Sarma of the South-eastern Circle of the Survey discovered the following sites.

District Taluk Village/Site Cultural assemblage
Prakasam Addanki Addanki Early historical, Medieval temples and Ins-
criptions
-do- -do- Bhimavaram Medieval temples
-do- -do- Bobbepalle Neolithic, Early historical and Medieval
temples
-do- -do- Bollapalle Early historical and Medieval temples
-do- -do- Budavada Medieval temples
INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1978-79—A REVIEW

District Taluk Village/Site Cultural assemblage
Prakasam Addanki Chandalur Medieval temples and Inscriptions
-do- -do- Darsiagraharam Early historical
-do- -do- Doddukur Early historical
-do- -do- Dronadula Neolithic, Early, historical and Medieval
temples
-do- -do- Eddanapudi Medieval temples
-do- -do- Govada Early historical
-do- -do- Gurizepalle Early historical and Megaliths
-do- -do- Kolalapudi Medieval temples and Inscriptions
-do- -do- Koniki Early historical
-do- -do- Kopparam Medieval temples and Inscriptions
-do- -do- Paidipadu Early historical, Medieval temples and Ins-
criptions
-do- -do- Pangulur Early historical and Medieval temples
-do- -do- Santhamagulur (old) Early historical and Medieval temples
-do- -do- Uppumagulur Early historical and Medieval temples
-do- Darsi Annavaram Early historical
-do- -do- Avnlamanda Medieval temples
-do- -do- Chandaluru Medieval temples
-do- -do- Chandavaram Early historical
-do- -do- Dekanakonda Late Medieval temples
-do- -do- Devavaram Late Medieval temples
-do- -do- Ganeswarampuram Late Medieval temples
-do- -do- Gangawaram Late Medieval temples
-do- -do- Kalluru Early historical and Medieval temples
-do- -do- Kurichedu Early historical, Medieval temples and
Inscriptions
-do- -do- Naidupalem Megaliths
-do- -do- Nancharapuram Early historical
-do- -do- Polepalle Early historical
-do- -do- Pulipadu Early historical
-do- -do- Rajampalle Early historical
-do- Ongole Ramathirtham Early historical, Medieval temples, Inscrip-
tions and Megaliths
Gujarat
4. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICTS AHMADABAD, BHARUGH, JUNAGADH, KHEDA, MAHESANA,
RAJKOT, SABAR KANTHA AND SURAT.—In the course of exploration, the Department of
Archaeology, Government of Gujarat, discovered the following sites.
District Taluk Village/Site Cultural assemblage
Ahmadabad Dhankhuka Hadmatala Harappan
Bharuch Jaghadia Naivgam Medieval
Junagadh Malia-Hatina Vadala Early Historical
-do- Vanthali Gadoi Temple and step-well (Solanki period)