INDIAN AGRO‐FOOD SECTOR THE GREEN REVOLUTION 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INDIAN AGRO‐FOOD SECTOR THE GREEN REVOLUTION.............................1 TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................2 1. THE INDUSTRY IN INDIA........................................................................................6 2. SECTOR OVERVIEW...................................................................................................9 FRUITS AND VEGETABLE PROCESSING..............................................................................9 MEAT & MEAT PROCESSING...........................................................................................10 DAIRY PROCESSING.........................................................................................................11 FISH PROCESSING ............................................................................................................12 GRAIN PROCESSING.........................................................................................................12 CONSUMER FOOD INDUSTRIES........................................................................................13 AERATED SOFT DRINK....................................................................................................13 PACKAGED DRINKING WATER.......................................................................................13 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.................................................................................................13 3. RECENT INITIATIVES..............................................................................................14 FOOD SAFETY AND STANDARDS ACT, 2006 ( INTEGRATED FOOD LAW).......................14 VISION STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN...........................................................................15 TAX RELIEF FOR SPEEDY GROWTH OF FPI SECTOR........................................................16 4. UPGRADING SAFETY AND QUALITY OF STREET FOOD............................17 5. TASK FORCE...............................................................................................................17 STATE LEVEL TASK FORCE..............................................................................................17 NATIONAL MEAT BOARD................................................................................................18 NATIONAL WINE BOARD................................................................................................18 6. PLAN SCHEMES FOR FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES............................18 TENTH PLAN INITIATIVES...............................................................................................18 7. CHALLENGES, CONSTRAINTS AND CONCERNS.........................................19 PACKAGING ‐THE KEY DRIVER........................................................................................21 8. NEED FOR A COMPREHENSIVE PAN‐INDIAN INITIATIVE.......................22 9. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR..23 FOOD PARK SCHEME.......................................................................................................24 PACKAGING CENTRES.....................................................................................................24 INTEGRATED COLD CHAIN FACILITY..............................................................................24 2 VALUE ADDED CENTRE..................................................................................................24 IRRADIATION FACILITIES.................................................................................................25 MODERNIZED ABATTOIR.................................................................................................25 AMENDMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE SCHEMES................................................................25 VISION, STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN...........................................................................25 10. THE IMPACT OF POLICY ON ENTERPRISES..................................................25 POLICY TO BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN RESOURCE BASE AND VALUE ADDITION............26 DEREGULATION AND DECONTROL.................................................................................27 FISCAL INCENTIVES WITH ADDITIONAL ENCOURAGEMENT FOR EXPORT.....................27 GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND SUPPORT..................................................................27 11. SECTOR‐SPECIFIC GOVERNMENT POLICIES...............................................28 FRUITS & VEGETABLES(F&V).........................................................................................28 FISHERIES.........................................................................................................................28 MEAT & POULTRY...........................................................................................................28 MILK & MILK PRODUCTS.................................................................................................29 GRAINS.............................................................................................................................29 PACKAGED FOODS...........................................................................................................29 12. FOOD SAFETY & QUALITY CHAPTER..............................................................30 FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.................................................30 FOOD PRODUCTS ORDER, (FPO), 1955...........................................................................31 MEAT FOOD PRODUCTS ORDER, 1973 (MFPO).............................................................31 CODEX..............................................................................................................................32 ASSISTANCE FOR ISO / HACCP CERTIFICATION...........................................................32 BAR CODING....................................................................................................................32 13. INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS.........................................................................33 14. FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR......34 WHY INVEST IN INDIAN FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR?.....................................................35 MEAT & POULTRY SECTOR..............................................................................................37 FRUIT & VEGETABLE PROCESSING...................................................................................37 FISHING & FISH PROCESSING...........................................................................................37 GRAINS SECTOR...............................................................................................................38 PACKAGED/CONVENIENCE GOODS................................................................................38 MILK PRODUCTS..............................................................................................................38 15. PRODUCT PROCESSING.......................................................................................38 FRUITS & VEGETABLES....................................................................................................38 3 JAM & JELLY.....................................................................................................................47 PLANTATION & SPICE PRODUCTS...................................................................................62 CEREAL & PULSE‐BASED PRODUCTS..............................................................................68 OILSEED BASED PRODUCTS..............................................................................................74 OTHER..............................................................................................................................79 16. LEADING FOOD PROCESSING STATES IN INDIA......................................93 MAHARASHTRA............................................................................................................93 DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL.............................................................................................94 FOOD PARKS....................................................................................................................95 WINE PARKS....................................................................................................................96 HIMACHAL PRADESH...............................................................................................102 KEY INDUSTRIES ‐ AGRO‐BASED....................................................................................103 AGRO BASED INDUSTRIES..............................................................................................104 INVESTMENT INCENTIVES..............................................................................................106 HIMACHAL PRADESH HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE MARKETING AND PROCESSING CORPORATION LTD.......................................................................................................108 OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES..............................................................................110 INTEGRATED AGRIBUSINESS..........................................................................................111 PUNJAB...........................................................................................................................114 AGRICUTURAL SECTOR STATISTICS:..............................................................................115 NEW SCHEMES...............................................................................................................120 OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRI‐BUSINESS:.............................................................................122 PROJECTS ON OFFER:......................................................................................................123 ASSISTING ORGANISATION:..........................................................................................125 HARYANA......................................................................................................................132 EXPORTS.........................................................................................................................133 FOOD PROCESSING POLICY...........................................................................................133 POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH.............................................................................................135 SALIENT FEATURES OF PROCESSED POLICY..................................................................142 CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR..........................................................142 POLICY INITIATIVES SO FAR..........................................................................................143 CHALLANGES BEFORE FOOD PROCESSING SECTOR......................................................143 FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE GIVEN BY VARIOUS AGENCIES FOR AGRI‐BUSINESS...........144 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES IN HARYANA..................................................................148 OTHER KEY COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES.....................................................................149 4 HARYANA AGRO INDUSTRIES CORPORATION LIMITED, CHANDIGARH ........................................................................................................................................149 KARNATAKA................................................................................................................154 FOOD AND AGRO‐TECHNOLOGY PARKS.......................................................................156 AGRO TECH PARK:........................................................................................................157 AGRO ‐ EXPORT ZONES..................................................................................................158 INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES.......................................................................................158 INVESTMENT LOCATIONS..............................................................................................160 MYSORE.........................................................................................................................160 MANGALORE.................................................................................................................161 BELGAUM.......................................................................................................................162 HUBLI ‐DHARWAD........................................................................................................162 HASSAN.........................................................................................................................163 SHIMOGA.......................................................................................................................164 RAICHUR........................................................................................................................164 SEZ’S (SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES).............................................................................165 KARNATAKA‐AGRO FOOD PROCESSING POLICY 2003.................................................166 OBJECTIVES OF INDUSTRIAL PROMOTION POLICY FOR AGRO FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES....................................................................................................................169 KERALA...........................................................................................................................175 AGRO‐BASED AND FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES......................................................176 FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY.......................................................................................178 KERALA INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (KINFRA).....................................................................................................................178 OPPORTUNITIES.......................................................................................................182 ANDHRA PRADESH....................................................................................................182 AGRO POLICY................................................................................................................184 FOOD & AGRO BASED INDUSTRY........................................................................187 THRUST AREAS.........................................................................................................191 ANNEXES........................................................................................................................198 5 1. THE INDUSTRY IN INDIA The food processing sector is critical to India’s development, for it establishes a vital linkage and synergy between the two pillars of the economy ‐ Industry and Agriculture. India is the world’s second largest producer of food but accounts for less than 1.5 % of international food trade. The enormous growth potential of this sector can be understood from the fact that food production in the country is expected to double in the next 10 years, while the consumption of value‐added food products will also correspondingly grow. The growth of this industry will bring immense benefits to the economy, raising agricultural yields, enhancing productivity, creating employment and raising life‐ standards of a large number of people across the country, especially those in rural areas. The liberalisation of the Indian economy and world trade and rising consumer prosperity has thrown up new opportunities for diversification in the food‐processing sector and opened new vistas for growth. This industry ranks fifth in the country and employs 1.6 mn workers, comprising 19% of the country’s industrial labour force. It accounts for 14% of the total industry output with 5.5% of the GDP. Its turnover is estimated at € 26.18 bn, of which € 20.21 bn is in the unorganised sector. The industry has started producing many new items like ready‐to‐eat food, beverages, processed and frozen fruit and vegetable products, marine and meat products, IQF products, etc. The Indian consumer is being fast introduced to newer high quality food products made by using the latest state‐of‐the‐art technology, that is also giving the industry a competitive edge. • The Indian food industry’s sales turnover is € 25.45 million annually as at the start of year 2000. • The industry requires about € 52.73 million in investment over the next five years to 2005 to create necessary infrastructure, expand production facilities and state‐of‐ the‐art‐technology to match the international quality and standards. • The office of the Agricultural Affairs of the USDA / Foreign Agricultural Services in New Delhi says that one of India’s proudest accomplishments has been achieving a tenuous self‐sufficiency in food production and that the country produces a wide variety of agricultural products at prices that are at or below world values in most cases. • The Indian palate is accustomed to traditional foods, mostly wheat and rice‐based, rather than potato and corn‐based western palate. In marketing perspective, this is considered an important factor for foreign marketers. • The USDA report says initially consumer‐ready food products may have to be tailored to include Indian spices and traditional ingredients. In addition to traditional tastes, there are other social factors which affect consumption in India. Hindus account for approximately 80 % of India’s population, and while only 25 or 30% are strict vegetarians, beef slaughter is prohibited in all but two states (Kerala and West Bengal) and consumption of other meats is limited. Incidentally, India is the only country where the US‐based MacDonald sells its burgers without any beef content and even offers purely vegetarian burgers. 6 • India’s middle class segment will hold the key to success or failure of the processed food market in India. Of the country’s total population of one billion, the middle class segments account for about 350‐370 million. Though a majority of families in this segment have non‐working housewives or can afford hired domestic help and thus prepare foods of their taste in their own kitchens, the profile of the middle class is changing steadily and hired domestic help is becoming costlier. This is conducive to an expansion in demand for ready‐to‐eat Indian‐style foods. • India’s food processing sector covers fruit and vegetables; meat and poultry; milk and milk products, alcoholic beverages, fisheries, plantation, grain processing and other consumer product groups like confectionery, chocolates and cocoa products, Soya‐based products, mineral water, high protein foods etc. • According to latest official statistics, India exported processed fruits and vegetables worth € 95.27 million in 1997‐98. The horticulture production is around 102 million tonnes. Foreign investment since 1991, when economic liberalisation started, stood at € 16 million. Products that have growing demand, especially in the Middle East countries include pickles, chutneys, fruit pulps, canned fruits, and vegetables, concentrated pulps and juices, dehydrated vegetables and frozen fruits and vegetables. • Another potential processed food product is meat and poultry products. India ranks first in world cattle population, 50 % of buffalo population and one‐sixth of total goat population of the world. Buffalo meat is surplus in India. There is vast scope to set up modern slaughter facilities and cold store chains in meat and poultry processing sector. India’s current level of meat and meat‐based exports is around € 145.45 million. In last six years foreign investment in this segment stood at € 91 million which is more than 50 % of the total investment made in this sector. • Compared with meat, poultry industry has registered significant growth. India ranks fifth in the world with annual egg production of 1.61 million tones. Both poultry and egg processing units have come in a very big way in the country. India is exporting egg powder, frozen egg yolk and albumin powder to €pe, Japan and other countries. Poultry exports are mostly to Maldives and Oman. Indian poultry meat products have good markets in Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. While meat products registered a growth of 10 %, eggs and broilers registered 16‐ 20 % growth. • There are about 15 pure line and grand parent franchise projects in India. There are 115 layer and 280 broiler hatcheries producing 1.3 million layer parents and 280 million broiler parents. They in turn supply 95 million hybrid layer and 275 million broilers, day‐old chick. Presently there are only five egg powder plants in India which is considered insufficient in view of growing export demand for different kind of powder ‐ whole egg, yolk and albumen. The scope of foreign investment and state‐of‐the‐art technology in this field is therefore tremendous. • Milk and milk products is rated as one of the most promising sectors which deserves foreign investment in a big way. When the world milk production 7 registered a negative growth of 2 %, India performed much better with 4 % growth. The total milk production is around 72 million tonnes and the demand for milk is estimated at around 80 million tonnes. • By 2005, the value of Indian dairy produce is expected to be € 18, 181 million. In last six years foreign investment in this sector stood at € 65.45 million which is about one‐forth of total investment made in this sector. Manufacture of casein and lactose, largely being imported presently, has good scope. Exports of milk products have been decanalised. • Grains could emerge as a major export earner for India in coming years. India’s food grains production is now at around 225‐230 million tones. These include rice, jawar, bajra, maize, wheat, gram and pulses. Indian basmati rice enjoys command in the international market. Besides growing Middle East market for basmati rive, many other countries are showing interest for this food grain. In 1998‐99 export of basmati and non‐basmati rice stood at € 1127 million. There is a total rice milling capacity of 186 million tones in the country. • Among plantation, tea emerged as major foreign exchange earner. India is the largest producer and exporter of black tea. However, the most worrying factor for Indian tea industry is that from early next year with the implementation of tea imports into the country, India tea may face a stiff competition within the country as well, specially threat of Sri Lanka’s presence in the Indian market is looming large. • The current year’s tea export prospect is not that very good in terms of forex earnings because international prices have fallen significantly this year. India exports between 150‐170 million kilogram’s of tea per annum. Of course, the scope of foreign investment in this sector is good and the multinational tea companies would either be trying for marketing joint ventures with the Indian producers or acquire stakes in Indian tea companies. There is strong possibilities of third country exports through such joint venture as quality wise still Indian teas are ruling the international market. • Alcoholic beverages is another area where India witnessed substantial foreign investment. Foreign investment in this sector stood at € 127 million which about 70 percent of the total investment made so far. The IMFL (Indian Made Foreign Liquor) primarily comprises wine, vodka, gin, whisky, rum and brandy. Draught beer is a comparatively recent introduction in the Indian market. The Indian beer market is estimated at € 127 million a year. One of the major advantages for any investor eyeing the Indian liquor market is that India offers enough raw materials like molasses, barely, maize, potatoes, grapes, yeast and hops for the industry. • Yet another catchy investment sector is fisheries. There is growing canned and processed fishes from India. The marine fish include prawns, shrimps, tuna, cuttlefish, squids, octopus, red snappers, ribbon fish, mackerel, lobsters, cat fish etc. In last six years there was substantial investment in fisheries to the tune of € 545 million of which foreign investments were of the order of € 127 million. The potential could be gauged by the fact that against fish production potential in the 8 Exclusive Economic Zone of 3.9 million tones, actual catch is to the tune of 2.87 million tones. Harvesting from inland sources is around 2.7 million tones. • The biggest bottleneck in expanding the food processing sector, in terms of both investment and exports, is lack of adequate infrastructure. • Without a strong and dependable cold chain vital sector like food processing industry which is based mostly on perishable products cannot survive and grow. Even at current level of production, farm produce valued at € 127 million is being wasted every year only because there is no adequate storage, transportation, cold chain facilities and other infrastructure supports. Cold chain facilities are miserably inadequate to meet the increasing production of various perishable products like milk, fruits, vegetables, poultry, fisheries etc. • Prevention of Food Adulteration laws is not only stringent one but time consuming also. It is considered as an archaic and no industry friendly food law. It substantial varies from Codex standard. Harmonization of multiple food laws is an urgent necessity. 2. SECTOR OVERVIEW The Ministry of Food Processing Industries is concerned with a number of food processing sectors such as grain processing, meat processing, poultry & egg processing, milk products, fish processing, fruit & vegetable processing, consumer food industries. Besides providing policy and promotional support, in order to create demonstrative and cascading effect on potential entrepreneurs, Government has implemented the scheme for technology upgradation/establishment/expansion/modernization of the food processing industries. Under the scheme assistance is provided @ 25% of the project cost in general areas and 33.33% in difficult areas subject to a maximum of € 90,909 and € 136,363 respectively. Sector wise details are as under:‐ Fruits and Vegetable Processing The installed licensed capacity of fruits and vegetables processing industry has increased from 1.11 mn. tons on 01.01.1993 to 1.92 mn. tons as on 01.01.05 and to 2.11 mn. tons as on 01.01.2006 and 2.47 mn. tons as on 01.01.2007. The utilization of fruits and vegetables for processing is estimated to be around 2.20% of the total production. Over the last few years, there has been a positive growth in ready to serve beverages, fruit juices and pulps, dehydrated and frozen fruits and vegetable products, tomato products, pickles, convenience veg‐spice pastes, processed mushrooms and curried vegetables. The domestic consumption of value added fruits and vegetable products is also low compared to the primary processed food in general and fresh fruits and vegetables in particular which is attributed to higher incidence of tax and duties including that on packaging material, lower capacity utilisation, non adoption of cost effective technology, high cost of finance, infrastructural constraints, inadequate farmers‐processors linkage leading to dependence upon intermediaries. The smallness of units and their inability for market promotion is also another main reason for inadequate expansion of the domestic market. In order to give fresh impetus to processing of Fruit and Vegetables Government in 2004‐ 9 05 has allowed under I.T. Act 100% deduction of profit for first five year and 25% deduction for another five years for new upcoming Fruits & Vegetables Processing units. During 2005‐06 (upto December 2005) financial assistance has been sanctioned to 27 F& VP units by the MFPI. Meat & Meat Processing In meat & meat processing sector, poultry meat is the fastest growing animal protein in India. The estimated production is 1500 thousand tones growing at CAGR of 13% through 1991‐2005. Per capita consumption has grown from 870 grams in 2000 to about 1.68 kg in 2005. This is expected to grow to 2Kg in 2009. Buffalo meat production has been growing relatively less rapidly at a CAGR of 5% in the last 6 years. The current production levels are estimated at 1.9 million MT. Of this about 21% is exported. Mutton and lamb is relatively small segment where demand is outstripping supply, which explains the high prices in domestic market. The production levels have been almost constant at 950,000 MT with annual exports of less than 10,000 MT. This has restricted large processing companies from developing business interests in this sector. Indian consumer prefers to buy freshly cut meat from the wet market, rather than processed or frozen meat. A mere 6% of production (about 100,000 MT) of poultry meat is sold in processed form. Of this, only about 1% undergoes processing into value added products (Ready‐to‐eat/ Ready‐to‐cook). Processing of large animals is largely for the purpose of Exports. The Total processing capacity in India is over 1 million MT per annum, of which 40‐50% is utilized. India exports More than 500,000 MT of meat of which major share is buffalo meat. Indian buffalo meat is witnessing strong demand in international markets due to its lean character and near organic nature. India is the 5th largest exporter of bovine meat in the world. Indian buffalo meat exports have the potential to grow significantly. Due to emerging health threats of the diseases communicable to human through meat, the meat consumers are more vigilant towards the wholesomeness of the meat and demanding meat and poultry products processed in clean and sanitary environment. In metros and urban areas there are upcoming demands for “convenience items” such as semi cooked, ready‐to‐eat, ready‐to‐cook meat food products. Processing of meat products is licensed under Meat Food Products Order,(MFPO) 1973 which is being implemented by Ministry of food Processing industries w.e.f. 14.05.2004. The main objectives of the MFPO, 1973 are to regulate production and sale of meat food products through licensing of manufacturers, enforce sanitary and hygienic conditions prescribed for production of wholesome meat food products, exercise strict quality control at all stages of production of meat food products, fish products including chilled poultry etc. To develop necessary infrastructure for processing of meat & meat food products for domestic market as well as for Export market , Ministry of food Processing Industries is providing financial assistance by way of grant‐in‐aid. During the Year 2006‐07 MFPI assisted 7 projects for manufacture of Meat and Meat food products. 10
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