India Co-ordinated Research Project on Biological Control of Crop Pests and Weeds

262 Pages·2013·1.79 MB·English

by  Sunil Joshi

All India Co-ordinated Research Project on
Biological Control of Crop Pests and Weeds
ANNUAL PROGRESS
REPORT 2012-2013
Compiled and edited by
B. Ramanujam
Prashanth Mohanraj
Chandish R. Ballal
T. Venkatesan
Sunil Joshi
A.N. Shylesha
R.Rangeshwaran
K. Srinivasa Murthy
M. Mohan
K.J. David
Abraham Verghese
Honnur Basha
All India Co-ordinated Research Project on
Biological Control of Crop Pests and Weeds
ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT
2012‐2013
Compiled and edited by
B. Ramanujam
Prashanth Mohanraj
Chandish R. Ballal
T. Venkatesan
Sunil Joshi
A.N. Shylesha
R.Rangeshwaran
K. Srinivasa Murthy
M. Mohan
K.J. David
Abraham Verghese
Honnur Basha
National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects
Bangalore 560 024
Cover page (Top to bottom)
Anomalococcus indicus Ayyar (Photo: J. Poorani)
Reticulaphis foveolatae (Takahashi) (Photo: Sunil Joshi)
Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi Gimpel & Miller ((Photo: J. Poorani)
Entomopathogenic nematode (Photo: M. Nagesh)
Aphis craccivora Koch (Photo: J. Poorani)
Leptomastix dactylopii Howard (Photo: J. Poorani)
Pleotrichophorus chrysanthemi (Theobald) (Photo: Sunil Joshi)
© National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, Bangalore, 2013
No portion of this report should be used without prior permission of the Director, except in
quoting for scientific references.
Cover design: Sunil Joshi
Sl. CONTENTS Page
No. No.
1 Programme for 2012-13

2 Experimental Results

2.1 Basic Research

2.1.1 National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects

i New taxa described 1
ii Micrograstrinae (Braconidae) 1
iii Biosystematic studies of Trichogramma 2
iv Platygastridae 2
v Biodiversity of aphids, Coccinnellids and their natural enemies 3
vi Taxonomic studies on fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of India 3
vii Diversity and predator - prey interactions with reference to predatory 4
anthocorids and mites
viii Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus 4
ix Studies on Trichogramma brassicae and Cotesia vestalis (plutellae) 5
interaction with their host in cabbage
x Laboratory rearing of Leucinodes orbonalis and insecticide resistance 5
monitoring studies
xi Culturable microflora associated with Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Cotton 6
leafhoppers) and Nilaparvata lugens (Brown Planthopper of rice)
xii Selection of superior strain of predators viz., Chrysoperla zastrowi arabica 6
(Stephens) and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) from different agro-
ecosystems and their molecular characterization.
xiii Genetic diversity, biology and utilization of entomopathogenic nematodes 7
(EPN) against cryptic pests
xiv Mapping of the cry gene diversity in hot and humid regions of India 9
xv Evaluation of fungal pathogens on Aphis craccivora in cowpea and Bemisia 10
tabaci in tomato and capsicum.
xvi Management of pests with pheromone nanogels 10
xvii Non target effect of Chitosan alginate nanoparticles on the biology of 10
Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben-Peterson) (Neuroptera: chrysopidae).

2.1.2 Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

1 Survey and collection of Trichogramma strains from different agro-climatic 12
zone of India.
2 Evaluation of Trichogramma strains for searching efficiency, temperature 12
tolerance and fecundity.
3 Breeding for better performing strains (Laboratory studies) 15

2.1.3 Biodiversity of Biocontrol Agents from Various Agro Ecological Zones
1 Survey, Collection and diversity analysis of biocontrol agents from various 21
agro ecological zones (AAU-A, AAU-J, ANGRAU, KAU, MPKV, PAU,
SKUAST, TNAU, YSPUHF, CAU, JNKVV, MPUAT, OUAT, CPCRI,
CTRI and UAS-Raichur)
i
2 Mapping of EPN diversity (AAU-A, PAU) 63
3 Surveillance for alien invasive pests Brontispa longissima, Aleyrodicus 68
digessi, Phenacoccus manihoti, Paracoccus marginatus, Phenacoccus
madeirensis and others ( AAU-A, AAU-J, ANGRAU, KAU, MPKV, PAU,
SKUAST, TNAU, YSPUHF, CAU, JNKVV, MPUAT, OUAT, CPCRI,
CTRI, IIHR, UAS-Raichur)

Biological control of plant diseases using antagonistic organisms

2.2 Plant Disease and Nematodes antagonists

1 Screening of selected abiotic stress tolerant (i.e. drought and salinity) isolates 71
of Trichoderma harzianum for their potential to produce hydrolytic enzymes
under in vitro conditions (GBPUAT)
2 Development of oil-based formulations of selected isolates of Trichoderma 71
harzianum and study of their shelf life (GBPUAT)
3 Field evaluation of groundnut oil, talc and paraffin petroleum oil based 72
formulation of T. harzianum (Th-14) for the management of foliar and soil
borne disease of tomato (Hybrid - Dev). (GBPUAT)
4 Field evaluation of invert-emulsion formulation of T. harzianum for the 72
management of foliar and soil borne diseases of chick pea crop variety (PG-
186) (GBPUAT)
5 Field evaluation of promising Trichoderma isolates under field conditions 78
(GBPUAT)
6 Large scale field demonstration of biocontrol technologies (GBPUAT) 84
7 Monitoring for emergence of newer pests and diseases of various crops in 84
districts Udham Singh and Nainital of Uttarakhand (GBPUAT).
8 Evaluation of fungal and bacterial antagonists against collar rot of groundnut 86
caused by Aspergillus spp. and Screlotium rolfsii (AAU-A)
9 Isolation, identification and characterization of indigenous strains of 86
Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus strains effective against Fusarium
wilt in pigeon pea (AAU-A)
10 Evaluation of fungal and bacterial antagonists for the management of foot rot 88
of citrus (kinnow) caused by Phytophthora spp. (PAU)
11 Evaluation of fungal and bacterial antagonists for the management of fusarial 89
wilt of cucurbits (PAU)
12 Demonstration on biological control of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne 89
incognita race II in pomegranate (MPKV)
13 Demonstration of Biocontrol practices for management of root-knot 91
nematode in Pomegranate (1 ha) (ongoing experiments to be continued)
(AAU-A)

2.3 Sugarcane

1 Monitoring the sugarcane woolly aphid (SWA) incidence and impact 92
assessment of natural enemies on its bio suppression (MPKV, TNAU, UAS-
Raichur)
2 Field evaluation of T. chilonis produced using Eri-silk worm eggs as 95
factitious host against early shoot borer of Sugarcane (ANGRAU, TNAU,
NBAII)
ii
2.4 Cotton

1 Monitoring diversity and out breaks for invasive mealy bugs on cotton 98
(ANGRAU, MPKV, PAU, TNAU).
2 Monitoring the diversity and outbreaks of sap sucking pests, mirids and their 100
natural enemies in Bt cotton (MPKV, UAS-Raichur)

2.5 Tobacco

1 Survey and record of bio control agents (insects, pathogens) on Orobanche 103
spp. (CTRI)
2 Natural enemies of aphids infesting different types of tobacco cultivated in 103
different regions of the country (CTRI)

2.6 Rice

1 Seasonal abundance of predatory spiders in rice ecosystem (AAU-A, AAU-J, 104
ANGRAU, KAU, TNAU)
2 Evaluation of IPM for upland rice pest and diseases (CAU) 114
3 Field evaluation of Trichogramma chilonis (produced using Eri-silk worm 116
eggs as factitous host) against Rice stem borer (CAU).

2.7 Pulses

1 Evaluation of NBAII liquid formulations (PDBC-BT1 and NBAII-BTG4) 117
and IARI Bt against pigeon pea pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) and
legume pod borer (Maruca testulalis) (AAU-A, ANGRAU, MPKV, PAU,
TNAU, JNKVV, UAS-Raichur)
2 Influence of crop habitat diversity of natural enemies in pigeonpea through 123
FLD/OFD (ANGRAU, MPUAT)
3 Effect of bio-agents and botanicals on the incidence of pod borer and leaf tier 124
in pigeon pea (MPUAT)

2.8 Oil Seeds

1 Biological suppression of safflower aphid, Uroleucon compositae 127
(ANGRAU, MPKV)
2 Biological control of Groundnut pests (OUAT) 128
3 Evaluation of entomopathogens and botanicals against soybean pests’ 130
complex (MPKV, MPUAT)
4 Screening of EPN (Entomopathogenic Nematodes) against Spodoptera litura 130
(Fab.) on soybean (JNKVV)

2.9 Coconut

1 Surveillance and need-based control of coconut leaf caterpillar, Opisina 131
arenosella in Kerala (CPCRI)
2 Scaling up and utilization of M. anisopliae through technology transfer 131
(CPCRI)
3 EPN for red palm weevil management (CPCRI) 132
iii
2.10 Tropical Fruits

1 Field evaluation of Metarhizium anisopliae against mango hoppers 133
(ANGRAU, MPKV)
2 Survey and record of incidence of papaya mealybug and its natural enemies 136
on papaya and other alternate hosts (AAU-A, KAU, MPKV, TNAU, OUAT,
IIHR)
3 Extent of parasitism of Acerophagus papayae on tapioca in different agro 144
climatic zones of Kerala (KAU)
4 Biological suppression of mealybugs, Maconellicoccus hirsutus and Ferrisia 144
virgata with Scymnus coccivora on custard apple (MPKV)
5 Economic analysis of impact of release of Acerophagus papayae on papaya 146
production, seed production, papaine industry, mulberry and tapioca
(TNAU)
6 Bio-efficacy of EPNs against Citrus trunk borer, Anoplophora versteegi 151
(CAU)
7 Natural enemies associated with mango pulp borer (OUAT) 153

2.11 Temperate Fruits

1 Survey for identification of suitable natural enemies of codling moth 154
(SKUAST)
2 Field evaluation of mass released Trichogramma embryophagum against 154
codling moth, Cydia pomonella on apple (SKUAST)
3 Observations on the natural enemies of seed infesting Eurytoma of apricots 156
in Laddakh (SKUAST)
4 Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi and EPNs for the suppression of 156
Apple root borer, Dorysthenes hugelii under field conditions (YSPUHF).
5 Evaluation of predatory mite in combination with horticultural mineral oils 157
(HMO) for the management of phytophagous mites on apple (YSPUHF).

2.12 Vegetables

1 Developing bio intensive IPM package for the pests of Cole crops (AAU-J, 158
PAU, SKUAST, and YSPUHF)
2 Evaluation of microbial pesticides against diamond back moth (DBM) 162
(CAU)
3 Field evaluation of thelytokous and arrhenotokous strains of Trichogramma 163
pretiosum against H. armigera on tomato (MPKV)
4 Evaluation of different BIPM modules against shoot and fruit borer, 164
Leucinodes orbonalis in brinjal (MPKV, JNKVV, OUAT)
5 Biological suppression of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci with predatory 166
anthocorid and microbial agents (MPKV, IIHR)
6 Identification of major aphid parasitoids and their extent of parasitism in 167
mustard and cabbage (MPUAT)
7 Validation of BIPM of major insect pests in tomato at farmer’s field 167
(MPUAT)
8 Evaluation of anthocorid predator B. pallescens against mite, Tetranychus 168
urticae on brinjal and okra (OUAT, PAU)
9 Evaluation of entomopathogens against sucking pests of capsicum (JNKVV) 171
iv
10 Development of biocontrol based IPM module against pests of okra (AAU-J) 171
11 Study on effectiveness of bioagents and botanicals against aphid, Lipaphis 172
erysimi infesting mustard (MPUAT)

2.13 Tea Mosquito Bug

1 Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana Against Tea mosquito bugs in tea (AAU-J) 174
2 Population dynamics of tea mosquito bugs in tea and its natural enemies 174
(AAU-J)
3 Natural enemies associated with cashew tea mosquito bug (OUAT) 177

2.14 Mealy Bugs

1 Survey for mealy bugs and its natural enemies on horticultural crops, 178
papaya, hibiscus, tapioca, brinjal, tomato, okra (AAU-J)
2 Survey and record of incidence of papaya mealy bug and its natural enemies 179
on papaya and other alternate hosts (OUAT)
3 Mass production of Spalgis epius (IIHR) 179

2.15 Termites

1 Testing the bioefficacy of entomopathogenic fungi in suppression of termite 180
incidence in sugarcane (ANGRAU)
2 Testing of bio-efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi for suppression of termite 180
incidence in maize (MPUAT)

2.16 Biological Suppression of Polyhouse crop pests

1 Evaluation of anthocorid predator, Blaptosthetus pallescens against spider 181
mites of carnation/rose in poly houses (ANGRAU)
2 Evaluation of biocontrol agents against sap sucking insect pests of carnation 181
in polyhouses (ANGRAU)
3 Evaluation of Biological Control Agents against Mites in Carnation under 181
protected condition (TNAU)
4 Evaluation of predatory mite, Neoseiulus longispinosus against phytophagus 182
mite in carnation under polyhouse condition (YSPUHF, SKUAST)
5 Biological suppression of thrips on capsicum in polyhouse (IIHR) 183
6 Biological management of root knot nematode infesting tomato, gerbera, 184
carnation in poly houses (ANGRAU, MPKV, and SKUAST)
187
2.17 Storage Pests

1 Evaluation of anthocorid predators against storage pests in rice (AAU-J) 188

2.18 Weeds

1 Release and establishment of Cecidocharus connexa in Jagdalpur area of 188
Chhattisgarh (DWSR)
2 Natural enemies’ complex in different weeds (DWSR) 188

v
2.19 Enabling large scale adoption of proven bio control technologies

1 Rice- AAU-J, KAU, OUAT 189

2 Sugarcane

i Large scale demonstration of biocontrol for suppression of plassey borer, 193
Chilo tumidicostalis using Trichogramma chilonis (AAU-J, ANGRAU)
ii Demonstration of temperature tolerant strain (TTS) of Trichogramma 194
chilonis against early shoot borer (ESB) in Suru planting of sugarcane
(MPKV, PAU)
iii Use of Trichogramma chilonis for the suppression of stalk borer, Chilo 196
auricilius in collaboration with sugar mills (PAU)
iv Demonstration on the use of Trichogramma japonicum for the suppression 197
of top borer, Scirpophaga excerptalis (PAU)
v Large-scale Demonstration on the use of T.chilonis against early shoot borer 198
and internode borer of Sugarcane in Farmers’ field (OUAT, ANGRAU)

3 Maize

i Demonstration of biological control of maize stem borer, Chilo partellus 200
using Trichogramma chilonis (PAU)

4 Coconut

i Large area field validation of integrated biocontrol technology against 201
Oryctes rhinoceros (CPCRI)

General Information

3. Functioning of the co-ordinated project

Staff position 203
Budget for AICRP on Biocontrol 2012-13 205
Problems encountered during the year 206

4. General
Meteorological data (2012-13) 207
Visitors 210
Miscellaneous Information 214
List of Publications 228

5 Acronyms 240

vi
Programme for 2012-13
I. Basic research
1. National Bureau of Agriculturally Important insects
1. Biosystematic studies on agriculturally important insects
2. Biosystematics of Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea
3. Biodiversity of oophagous parasitoids with special reference to Scelionidae
(Hymenoptera)
4. Biodiversity of economically important Indian Microgastrinae (Braconidae) supported
by Molecular Phylogenetic studies
5. Biodiversity studies on aphids and mealy bugs and their natural enemies
6. Diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in temperate and
gangetic plains of India
7. Taxonomic studies on fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of India
8. Introduction and studies on natural enemies of some new exotic insect pests and
weeds
9. Development of production protocols and evaluation of anthocorid and mite predators
10. Influence of elevated levels of carbon dioxide
on the tritrophic interactions in some crops
11. Isolation, identification and characterization of endosymbionts of trichogrammatids
and their role on the fitness attributes
12. Molecular characterization and identification of endosymbionts of chrysopid
predators and their functional role on the biological attributes
13. Studies on Trichogramma brassica and Cotesia vestalis (plutellae ) interaction with
their host in cabbage
14. Nematode-derived fungi and bacteria for exploitation in agriculture
15. Mass production and exploitation of entomopathogenic nematodes against white
grubs from diverse habitats
16. Mapping of the cry gene diversity in hot and humid regions of India
17. Evaluation of fungal pathogens on Aphis craccivora in cowpea and Bemisia
tabaci in tomato and capsicum.
18. Mechanism of insecticide resistance in Leucinodes orbonalis and Leucopholis
coneophora
19. Development of Computational Tool for Prediction of Insecticide Resistance
Gene in Agriculturally Important Insects
20. In situ conservation of natural enemies and pollinators in pigeon pea and sunflower
ecosystem
21. Polymorphism in pheromone reception in
Helicoverpa armigera.
22. Formulations of pheromones of important
borers and other crop pests and kairomones for natural enemies using nanotechnology
23. Semiochemicals for the management of
coleopteran pests

vii