Increasing the Durability of Paint and Varnish Coatings in Building Products and Construction

204 Pages·2019·6.866 MB·English

by  Ivanovna, Loganina Valentina

Increasing the Durability of Paint
and Varnish Coatings in Building
Products and Construction
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and
Structural Engineering
Increasing the Durability
of Paint and Varnish
Coatings in Building
Products and
Construction
Loganina Valentina Ivanovna
Doctor of Technical Sciences
Professor and Head of quality control and
construction technologies at Penza State
University of Architecture, Penza, Russia
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Contents
1 Regularitiesforformationofthequalityoftheexternalappearance
ofcoatings 1
1.1 Evaluationofthequalityoftheappearanceofpaintandvarnish
coatings 1
1.2 Qualityoftheappearanceofpaintandvarnishcoatings 4
1.3 Statisticalanalysisofthequalityofappearanceofpaint
andvarnishcoatingsofcementconcretes 11
1.4 Patternsofqualitychangeoftheappearanceofpaintcoatings
ofcementconcreteswithaging 21
1.5 Developmentofamodelofthequalityoftheappearance
ofpaintandvarnishcoatings 34
1.6 Relationshipofdeformativepropertiesofpaintcoatings
withtheroughnessoftheirsurface 37
1.7 Accountingforthehereditaryfactorwhenassessingthequality
changeoftheappearanceofpaintandvarnishintheagingprocess 43
References 52
2 Estimationofthestressed-deformedstateofcoatingfrom
thequalityoftheirappearance 55
2.1 Methodforassessingthestressstateofcoatings 55
2.2 Connectionofthestress(cid:1)strainstateofpaintcoatingswith
thequalityoftheirappearance 56
2.3 Stressstateofthecoatings,dependingontheoperational factors 63
References 71
3 Regularitiesofcrackingprotective-decorativecoatings 73
3.1 Methodforassessingthecrackresistanceofpaintandvarnish
coatings 73
3.2 Regularitiesofcrackingprotectiveanddecorativecoatings
intheagingprocess 78
3.3 Effectoftheporosityofthecementsubstrateonthecrack
resistanceofprotectiveanddecorativecoatings 86
References 92
4 Forecastingthedurabilityofcoatings 93
4.1 Regularitiesofagingofprotectiveanddecorativecoatings
ofcementconcretes 93
vi Contents
4.2 Predictionoftheagingtimeofcoatingsofexteriorwalls
ofbuildings 125
References 131
5 Statisticalmethodsofqualitymanagementofcoatingsofcement
concrete 133
5.1 Applicationofthesixsigmamethodologytotheanalysis
ofthequalityofpaintandvarnishcoatings 133
5.2 Useofstatisticalmethodstoassessthecrackingofpaint
andvarnishcoatings 139
References 159
6 Developmentofplansforstatisticalacceptanceofqualitycontrol 161
6.1 Criteriaforacceptanceofpaintedsurfaces 161
6.2 Statisticalcontrolofpaintedsurfaces 163
6.2.1 Planofstatisticalacceptancecontrolofthepainted
surfaceswithconstantstandarddeviation 163
6.2.2 Statisticalacceptancecontrolofquantitativetrait
withvariablestandarddeviation 167
6.2.3 Controlofthequantificationofindividualproperties 169
6.3 Reliabilityandpredictionofpropertiesofprotective
anddecorativecoatings 173
6.3.1 Criteriaofreliabilityofpaintandvarnishcoatings 173
6.3.2 Lawofprobabilitydistributionoftrouble-freeservice
ofprotectiveanddecorativecoatings 177
References 189
Index 191
1
Regularities for formation of the
quality of the external appearance
of coatings
1.1 Evaluation of the quality of the appearance of paint
and varnish coatings
Coatings for finishing facades with aesthetic protective functions must have a
high-quality appearance. The quality of appearance refers to the presence of
defects (inclusions, streaks, shagreen, strokes and scratches, waviness, variability)
paintwork. The presence of defects on the surface of the paintwork determines the
qualityofappearance.
According to GOST 9.032-74 “Unified system of protection against corrosion
and aging for coatings for paint and varnish, groups, technical requirements and
designations,” there are seven classes of the quality of the appearance of coatings
onametalsubstratedefinedasfollows:
I class—no defects can be allowed for high-gloss, glossy, semi-glossy and semi-
matt.Formattcoatingsnotmorethan4inclusionsperm2;
II(cid:1)VII classes—are possible weed or individual inclusions, taking into account
their number (pcs/m2) depending on the length, width, diameter of the defect and
thedistancebetweenthem(mm),aswellasrisksandhatch.
In addition to the above defects, the quality classes III(cid:1)YII include waviness,
Y(cid:1)YIIstreaks,andIY(cid:1)YIIoffshade.
In Refs. [1,2], the quality of the appearance of protective-decorative coatings for
cementconcreteareevaluateIV(cid:1)VIIclasses (Table1.1).
As noted earlier, the surface quality of the paintwork is also determined by its
roughness, that is, its surface profile. Methods involving fractalphysics can be used
toestimatethecoatingsurfaceprofile.ThefractaldimensionindexDofthecoating
surface profile ranges between 1,D,2 [3(cid:1)6]. The greater the roughness of the
coating, the more curved the coating profile and the greater the value of D. Thus,
the fractal dimension D of the coating profile can serve as a criterion of its appear-
ancequality,reflectingthepresenceofinclusions,streaks,andwaviness.
In this chapter, we have attempted to evaluate the possibility of describing the
coatingsurfacequalityusingfractaldimension.
The paints were applied with a brush onto a mortar substrate in two layers with
24-hour intermediate drying. The coating profile was determined with a profile
meter A1. The length of the coating surface profile was determined with a
perambulator.
IncreasingtheDurabilityofPaintandVarnishCoatingsinBuildingProductsandConstruction.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817046-5.00001-2
©2019ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
2 IncreasingtheDurabilityofPaintandVarnishCoatingsinBuildingProductsandConstruction
Table1.1 Permissibledefectsforcoatingsdependingontheirclass
Coating Defectname Normforcoatings
class
Satin Semimaturing Matt
gloss
IV (a)Inclusions:numberof 1 1 1
pcs/dm2
(b)Size,mm,notmore 1.0 1.0 1.0
(c)Distancebetween 10 10 10
inclusions,mm,nomore
than
(d)Shagreen Allowedto
(e)Streaks Notallowed
(f)Strokes,risks Allowedindividual
(g)Waviness,mm,notmore 2 2 2
than
(h)Offshade Notallowed
Y (a)Inclusions:numberof 4 4 5
pcs/dm2
(b)Size,mm,notmore 2.0 2.0 2.0
(c)Shagreen Allowedto
(d)Streaks AllowedIndividual
(e)Strokes,risks Allowedto
(f)Waviness,mm,notmore 2.5 2.5 2.5
than
(g)Offshade Notallowed
YI (a)Inclusions:numberof 8 8 8
pcs/dm2
(b)Size,mm,notmore 3.0 3.0 3.0
(c)Shagreen Notallowed
(d)Streaks Allowedindividual
(e)Strokes,risks Allowedto
(f)Waviness,mm,notmore 4.0 4.0 4.0
than
(g)Offshade Allowedto
Regularitiesforformationofthequalityoftheexternalappearanceofcoatings 3
In addition, the coating surface quality was estimated with a gloss meter FB-2.
The fractal dimension D of the coating surface profile was estimated using the
geometrical method. For this purpose the image of the curve obtained by using a
profilemeterprofilographwascoveredbyagridconsistingofsquareswithsideL1.
Then the number of the squares N curve N (L1) went through were counted.
After changing the grid scale, we recounted the number of squares intersecting
curve N (L2), N (L3) N (Ln). Then, in a log(cid:1)log grid we plotted N (L), according
totheinclinationangleofwhichwedeterminedthefractaldimension.
Table 1.2 shows the results of the coating surface quality estimation that was
carried out in accordance with GOST 9.407-74 using the fractal dimension of the
coatingsurfaceprofile.
As can be seen, there is a correlation between the coating surface roughness and
the appearance quality class. As the surface roughness increases the appearance
qualityclassdecreasesandthefractaldimensionDincreases.
For example, the coating surface profile fractal dimension based on PF-115 with
a coating surface roughness and appearance quality class of 0.2m and Y is
D51.17, while with the coating surface roughness and the appearance quality
class, it is 0.75mkm and YI is D51.35. Similar patterns were seen for other types
ofcoatings.
Changes in the gloss and coating surface profile parameters on the sample were
equal to 10cm also prove the fact. When the coating surface profile fractal dimen-
sion increases, the gloss decreases and the numerical valuesof the profile perimeter
increase.
Table1.2 Coatingappearancequalityestimation
Thepaint The Fractal The The Gloss
coating dimension,D surface coating (%)
surface profile surface
roughness, perimeter quality
Ra(mkm) (mm) kind
PF-115 0.22 1.17 106 Y 70.8
0.75 1.35 116 YI 67.7
МА-15 0.2 1.075 102 Y 83.1
0.48 1.125 109 YI 78
NC-123 0.2 1.1 105 Y 76.9
0.75 1.36 121 YI 67.7
Acril, 0.75 1.3 216 YI 66.2
Universal 1.26 1.42 221 YII 64.2
Water- 0.6 1.25 192 YI 66.2
dispersible, 1.24 1.7 225 YII 62.2
facade