Incorporating Practical Experience with Aeronautical Design Standard 33 in the United States

152 Pages·2017·2.23 MB·English

by  Jeffrey Scott Dodge

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Masters Theses Graduate School
5-2004
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Jeffrey Scott Dodge
University of Tennessee - Knoxville
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Dodge, Jeffrey Scott, "Incorporating Practical Experience with Aeronautical Design Standard 33 in the
United States Naval Test Pilot School Rotary Wing Curriculum. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee,
2004.
https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2111
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and
Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE:
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To the Graduate Council:
I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jeffrey Scott Dodge entitled "Incorporating
Practical Experience with Aeronautical Design Standard 33 in the United States Naval Test Pilot
School Rotary Wing Curriculum." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form
and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
degree of Master of Science, with a major in Aviation Systems.
Dr. Peter Solies, Major Professor
We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance:
Dr. Frank G. Collins, Dr. Alfonso Pujol, Jr.
Accepted for the Council:
Carolyn R. Hodges
Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School
(Original signatures are on file with official student records.)
To the Graduate Council:

I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jeffrey Scott
Dodge entitled “Incorporating Practical Experience with
Aeronautical Design Standard 33 in the United States Naval
Test Pilot School Rotary Wing Curriculum.” I have examined
the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and
content and recommend that it be accepted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of
Science, with a major in Aviation Systems.

Dr. Peter Solies
Major Professor

We have read this thesis and
recommend its acceptance:

Dr. Frank G. Collins

Dr. Alfonso Pujol, Jr.

Acceptance for the Council:

Anne Mayhew
Vice Chancellor and Dean of
Graduate Studies

(Original signatures are on file with official student
records)
INCORPORATING PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE
WITH AERONAUTICAL DESIGN STANDARD 33 IN
THE UNITED STATES NAVAL TEST PILOT SCHOOL
ROTARY WING CURRICULUM

A Thesis
Presented for the
Master of Science Degree
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville

Jeffrey Scott Dodge
May 2004
ABSTRACT

In the last decade, the world of helicopter testing
has been significantly changed by the research involved in
creating the latest military design specification named
Army Design Specification 33, or ADS-33. ADS-33 has moved
away from the use of traditional time-based methods of
examining a helicopter’s response to control inputs to a
method of comparing a helicopter’s response to the
frequency of control input. ADS-33 also incorporates
stylized but repeatable Mission Task Elements as a
replacement for general mission-representative maneuvers.
The research community has embraced this new theory and
many test and research programs make use of ADS-33
methodology.
As the sole government organization that teaches
helicopter flight test techniques, the United States Naval
Test Pilot School (USNTPS) in Patuxent River, Maryland
teaches material that is used in planning and executing
helicopter flight tests around the world. While the
helicopter curriculum has evolved to provide an
introduction to ADS-33 and the theory behind it in a
classroom setting, there was no practical application of
the methodology. The lack of hands-on experience with ADS-
33 techniques put graduates at a disadvantage when working
on new helicopter programs. A modification to the
helicopter syllabus was developed that incorporated
practical experience with ADS-33 style testing into the
USNTPS helicopter syllabus. Budget and facility
constraints mandated low cost and minimal impact to current
operations at Patuxent River and required compromises in
syllabus development. A combination of low-cost simulator
trials and aircraft flights was found to provide
significant hands-on experience with ADS-33, with minimum
impact to Test Pilot School operations. The syllabus
revision improved student’s understanding of ADS-33 and
better prepared them for modern helicopter testing.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1
BACKGROUND 1
FLYING QUALITIES SPECIFICATIONS 1
TIME DOMAIN RESPONSE 6
FREQUENCY DOMAIN RESPONSE 6
UNITED STATES NAVAL TEST PILOT SCHOOL 7
PURPOSE 9
2. ADS-33 10
GENERAL 10
DEFINITIONS 11
REQUIREMENTS 13
GENERAL 13
USEABLE CUE ENVIRONMENT 15
CONTROL RESPONSE 22
SMALL-AMPLITUDE ATTITUDE CHANGE 22
SHORT-TERM RESPONSE 22
MID-TERM RESPONSE 31
MODERATE AMPLITUDE ATTITUDE CHANGE 31
LARGE AMPLITUDE ATTITUDE CHANGE 35
INTER-AXIS COUPLING 36
COLLECTIVE CONTROLLER 37
HOVER AND LOW SPEED 37
FORWARD FLIGHT 37
CONTROLLER CHARACTERISTICS 39
SPECIFIC FAILURES 40
TRANSFER BETWEEN RESPONSE TYPES 40
FLIGHT TEST MANEUVERS 41
3. PROSPECTIVE SYLLABUS 44
GOALS 44
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LIMITATIONS 45
SAFETY 45
STUDENT PILOTS 46
OLDER AIRCRAFT 46
FLEET ENDURANCE 47
REPEATABILITY 47
FUNDING 48
FUTURE LIMITATIONS IN AIRCRAFT 48
AVAILABLE RESOURCES 49
AIRCRAFT 49
UH-60 49
TH-6 51
OH-58 53
INSTRUMENTATION 54
DATA REDUCTION 55
FLIGHT SIMULATOR 56
FACILITIES 57
4. EXERCISE DEVELOPMENT 59
ACADEMICS 60
AIRCRAFT CHOICE 60
FLIGHT SIMULATOR 62
FLIGHT 66
CHOICE OF MANEUVERS 66
GROUND MARKER SET-UP 73
SIDESTEP AND ACCEL-DECEL 74
HOVER 75
BOB-UP/BOB-DOWN 78
PIROUETTE 79
EXERCISE VALIDATION 80
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 83

iv
LIST OF REFERENCES 85
APPENDICES 88
APPENDIX A: AIRCRAFT DIAGRAMS 89
UH-60 Helicopter 90
TH-6 Helicopter 91
OH-58 Helicopter 92
APPENDIX B: USNTPS ROTARY WING CURRICULUM 93
APPENDIX C: CLASSROOM HANDOUTS 97
ADS-33 Low Airspeed Exercise Notes 98
Low Airspeed Flying Qualities Demo & Exercise Brief 125
VITA 136
v
LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Required Response Types for Hover and Low 20
Speed – Near Earth Operations
Table 2: Required Response Types for Forward Flight 21
Table 3: ADS-33 Mission Task Elements 43
Table B-1: USNTPS Rotary Wing Curriculum 94
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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: First Order Response 3
Figure 2: ADS-33 Handling Qualities Levels 12
Figure 3: Example of Operational and Service Flight 14
Envelopes
Figure 4: Visual Cue Rating (VCR) Scale 17
Figure 5: Usable Cue Environment (UCE) Boundaries 18
Figure 6: Sample Control Sweep 23
Figure 7: Determination of Flight Control Bandwidth 29
Figure 8: Requirements for Small Amplitude Attitude 30
Changes
Figure 9: Limits on Mid-Term Small Amplitude Response 32
Figure 10: Moderate Amplitude Attitude Change 34
Requirements
Figure 11: Large-Amplitude Attitude Change 35
Requirements
Figure 12: Lateral-Directional Oscillation Requirement 38
Figure 13: Lateral Control Bandwidth Comparison 64
Figure 14: Longitudinal Control Bandwidth Comparison 65
Figure 15: Sidestep/Accel-Decel MTE Course 75
Figure 16: Hover MTE Course 76
Figure 17: Hover Board Diagram 77
Figure 18: ADS-33 Bob-up/Bob-down MTE Course 79
Figure 19: Pirouette MTE Course 80
Figure A-1: UH-60 Helicopter 90
Figure A-2: TH-6 Helicopter 91
Figure A-3: OH-58 Helicopter 92
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