Incomplete Democracy: Political Democratization in Chile and Latin America (Latin America in Translation En Traduccion Em Traducao)

223 Pages·2003·0.53 MB·English

by  Manuel Antonio Garreton

I
ncomplete Democracy
A book in the series
Latin America in Translation / en Traducción / em Tradução
Sponsored by the Consortium in Latin American Studies
at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
and Duke University
INCOMPLETE
DEMOCRACY
8
political democratization
in chile and latin america
Manuel Antonio Garretón
Translated by R. Kelly Washbourne
with Gregory Horvath
the university of north carolina press
chapel hill and london
∫ 2003 The University of North Carolina Press
All rights reserved
Designed by Lou Robinson
Set in Minion Type
by Keystone Typesetting, Inc.
Manufactured in the United States of America
This book was published with the assistance of the William R. Kenan Jr. Fund of
the University of North Carolina Press.
Translation of the books in the series Latin America in Translation / en
Traducción / em Tradução, a collaboration between the Consortium in Latin
American Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke
University and the university presses of the University of North Carolina and
Duke, is supported by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of
the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council
on Library Resources.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Garretón Merino, Manuel A. (Manuel Antonio).
[Política y sociedad entre dos épocas. English]
Incomplete democracy : political democratization in Chile and Latin America /
by Manuel Antonio Garretón ; translated by R. Kelly Washbourne with
Gregory Horvath.
p. cm. — (Latin America in translation/en traducción/em tradução)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 0-8078-2810-6 (cloth: alk. paper)
isbn 0-8078-5483-2 (pbk.: alk. paper)
1. Latin America—Politics and government—1980– 2. Democracy—Latin
America. 3. Democratization—Latin America. 4. Political culture—Latin
America. 5. Chile—Politics and government—1973– 6. Democracy—Chile.
7. Democratization—Chile. 8. Political culture—Chile. I. Title. II. Series.
jl966.g37513 2003
320.98—dc21
2003042613
cloth 07 06 05 04 03 5 4 3 2 1
paper 07 06 05 04 03 5 4 3 2 1
9
Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction 1
part i: latin america between two eras
1 Analytical Orientations and the Latin American Problématique 9
2 Social Change and the Reconstruction of Politics 23
3 Democracy and Democratization: Concepts and Processes 32
4 The Transformation of the State and Social Policies 53
5 Social Policies and Equality 59
6 Political Parties and the Crisis of Representation 69
7 Civil Society, Social Movements, and Democratization 79
8 Changes in Latin American Political Culture 89
part ii: crisis and democratic recovery in chile
9 Democratic Crisis and Military Coup: Thirty Years Later 99
10 Political Opposition and the Struggle for Democracy
under the Military Regime 117
11 Evaluation of and Prospects for Chilean Political
Democratization 141
Epilogue: What Future for Politics in Chile and Latin America? 178
Notes 195
Index 209

9
Acknowledgments
This book would not have been possible without the support of the
Department of Sociology and the School of Social Sciences at the Univer-
sidad de Chile for all my teaching activities and research, and for the
research of the school’s undergraduate and graduate students. I am grateful
for the contribution made by the students at the Universidad de Rosario,
whose political science conferences have o√ered an excellent opportunity
for debate, and I thank the Ford Foundation in Chile and all the institutions
whose activities created a space to develop the information and ideas
contained here. My exchanges with Guillermo O’Donnell, Jonathan Hart-
lyn, and Peter Cleaves were especially meaningful, as were my collaboration
in numerous projects with Tomás Moulián and Marcelo Cavarozzi and the
constant intellectual inspiration and friendship of Alain Touraine.
The first part of this volume correlates with my book Política y sociedad
entre dos épocas: América Latina en el cambio de siglo (Rosario, Argentina:
Editorial Homo Sapiens, 2000). In the second part, Chapters 9 and 10 are
derived from Chapters 3 and 4 of my book Hacia una nueva era política:
Estudio sobre las democratizaciones (Santiago: Fondo de Cultura Económ-
ica, 1995), and Chapter 11 is a modified and updated version of my article
‘‘Balance y Perspectivas de la democratización política chilena’’ (in A. Men-
endez and A. Joignant, La caja de Pandora: El retorno de la transición
chilena [Santiago: Planeta/Ariel, 1999]). Thanks to all the aforementioned
for granting permissions for this translation.
vii

I
ncomplete Democracy