INClDElriCE OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMlNATlON IN SELECTED SPICE SAMPLES IN ANDHRA ...

98 Pages·2011·6.19 MB·English

INClDElriCE OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMlNATlON
IN SELECTED SPICE SAMPLES
IN ANDHRA PRADESH
BY
D.KIKAN MAY1 B.H.Sc (rural)
THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OFT HE
REQUlREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OFS CIENCE IN HOME SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF FOODS AND NUTRITION
COLLEGE OF HOME SCIENCE
ACHARYA N.C. RANGA AGRlCULTURAL UNIVERSITY
-
RAJENDRA NAGAR, HYDERABAD 500030
DECEMBER 1999
Ms D. KIRAN MAY1 has satisfjctor~ly prosecuted lhc uoursc of
research and the thesis entitled "INCIDENCE OF AFLATOXIN
CONTAMINATION IN SELECTED SPICES IN ANDHRA I'IUDESH".
submitted is the result of original research work and 1s ol' sufticicntly high
standard to warrant its presentation to the exam~nation. I also certlt'y that the
thesis or pan thereof has not been previously suhrnittcd hy her li)r n degree of'
any liniversity.
Date: '9 l7 i'! (Dr. M. lJMA REDDY)
Place : Hyderabad Major Advisor
CERTIFICATE
This IS to certify that the thesis ent~tled "INCIDENCE OF
AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN SELECTED SPICES IN
ANDHRA PRADESH" submitted in partla1 fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of 'MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HOME SCIENCE' of the
Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural University. tiyderabad. is a record of the
bonafied research work carried out by Ms I). KIRAN MAY1 under my
guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis has hcen approved by the
Student's Advisory Comm~ttee.
,l, >,'
J\
(1)r M UMA R'E$1D D4Y )
Chairman of the Advisory Committee
Thesis approved by the Student's Advisory C'omrnittce
Chairman: Dr M UMA REDDY
Professor and Head
Department of Foods & Nutrition
College of Home Science
Member : Dr KAMINI DEVl
Assistant Professor e
Department of Foods & Nutrition
college of Home Science
Member : Mr A SATYANARAYANA
Associate Professor
Computer Center
Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural llniversity
Member : Mr S VEERA REDDY
Scientific Officer
GREP, Crop Health
ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh
CONTENTS
-----.---...---.-.---...----..-------.--------*.--------------------------------------------*-
Title I'nge No.
I. INTRODUCTION
11 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
8
2.1 Studies on chemistry of aflatoxins
9
2.2 Studies on health hamrds of aflatoxins
2.2.1 Effects of aflatoxins in animals 10
2.2.2 Effects of aflatoxins in humans I I
12
2.3 Studies on methods of' estimation ol'atlatoxins
2.4 Studies on aflatoxin contamination in agrrcultural
Commodities
13
2.5 Studies on nflatoxin contamination in spices
2.5.1 Aflatoxin contamination in red chillies 18
20
2.5.2 Aflatoxin contamination in black pepper
2.5.3 Aflatoxin contamination in coriander
2.5.4 Aflatoxin contamination in turmeric
2.5.5 Aflatoxin contamination in dry ginger
2.6 Studies on effect of cooking on the stability of
Aflatoxins
11. MATERIALS AND METHODS
26
3.1 Collection of samples for aflatoxin analysis
3.2 Preparation of samples for aflatoxin analysis 2'4
3.3 Analytical methodology for atlatoxins
3.3.1 Indirect competitive ELISA procedure for Atlatoxin
Analysis
3.3.1.1 Preparation of sample extracts
3.3.1.2 Detection and determination of aflatoxins
3.3.2 HLPC determination of atlatoxins
3.4 Cooking experiment with chilli sauce
3.5 Statistical analysis
IV RESULTS & DISCUSSION
4.1 Standardisation of the a~~alyticlaule thod
4.2 Aflatoxin contamination in red chillies
4.3 Aflatoxin contamination in black pepper
4.4 Aflatoxin contamination in coriander
4.5 Aflatoxin contamination in turmeric
4.6 Aflatoxin contamination in dry ginger
4.7 Summery of spices analysed for atlatoxins
4.8 Effect of cooking on the stability of aflatoxlns
V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
LITERATURE CITED
APPENDICES
_.___..____________---------.-------------------------*---.----.----.---.--.
LIST OF TABLES
-----------------------------------------------------*----.----------------------------*------
Table No. Title Pagc No.
---------
-------------.-*.----.-------------.-------.-w-.--.*------.-.-.-.-----*-----------.-.-----.-----------
I. Chemical and physical propenics of atlatosins 9
2. Occurrence of aflatoxins in foods and fceds I 6
Collection area and number of spice samples analysed
Aflatoxin estimation in red chillics with different
Method variations
Aflatoxin levels in chilli samples
Aflatoxin levels in pepper samples
Atlatoxin levels in coriander bamplcs
Aflatoxin levels in turmeric samples
Aflatoxin levels in dry ginger samples
Aflatoxin contamination in 5 kinds of spices
Aflatoxin in chilli sauce after microwave cooking
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. No. Title Page No.
----------.--------------------------------------------------------------------.
1. Structures of aflatoxins
2. Linear regression line for estimation of atlatoxin content
by ELISA method (correlation coefficient 0.99)
3. Cornparision of AFB, standard curves prepared in
chilli extract and 7% methanol
4. Percent of chilli samples contaminated according to
Aflatoxin levels in diffcrent grades of' red chillies
5. Percent of pepper samples contaminated according to
Aflatoxin levels in wholesale and retail samples
6. Percentage atlatoxin contamination in spices
Plate No.
1. Aflatoxin analysis in ELISA plate
2. Three grades of chilli samples
ACKNOWLEDCERIENTS
It g bm e p tp h m t o p hc m~7m mi niy Ixgfbrdtrl wzse flfgxatanurie
kadd&ms and km$d dmks to my ah A& md Chirnm o/'dx A*
Gnm& Dr. (Mrs.) M. Uma Reddy, 14Dfim C Htwd, Dcpnmau of'FoaFc C
Nu* Cdlqp 4Hollp S&x, &ikr&fw h duhk #I&~LP, m(Ol(istuus fjpm
~ ~ ~ ~ t l ~ c p m x i O f ~ s a & .
Idarnitiypmnlrgewexcdmyprofamd~am'sinawj &If;ls~/~vamrrt.to
an illwtriars and d&&d M s tD r.D.V.R.Reddy, P7mcrp?l Scientist, GREP,
Oop He&, IntntMlcnal Chp R d Ir~r nhcrcf.w Sonr.Arirl Tmpin, Patadenr,
+ahzdjirpnzmqrne to& m Virdqy /ah axif& his ?sdl t ~ r ~ ~a dl . w ~ ~ ~ ~
mUw~dwnngJlepu~~~fmy~&&.
I exrend my akp s w o f mmm and gram& to Mr. S. Veera Reddy,
sctenLlfic %, GREP, Cmp Hmlth, ICRISA T, P& tjrbr3ud aruitnoho f'
vy AdLRSOly Gmrmnoe fm inpmg skills qf ELISA nutM O/adys~sa wl/& /)is
kiter ririnbn, mem rrnsd and dx& hd cv-prahk I mi alu 11kd94 dmkfid to
Mrs. K. T/~irurnakDa evi, Re=& hb!arfihrra@mimm hup mulcwp~mica
I expss my h&l thrmks to Dr. (Mrs.) Kamini Dcvi, Assistmu Rofiw,
-4Forwk C Numtias Collegeof'H~H~yk,r abdandnaonhrof'nly
Advtroly~fwhg~myim-ope&durmg~murseofnystru~b
My size thmrks are due to Mr. A. Satyanarayana, Assaiarc hjssror,
CbptmO nro, A+ N.G. Rattga Agmdwd Un@ and&ofmy A&ly
Gmdte?fbYh;s&andh&.
I thmrh Brmedty Dr.Diwakar and other sim& o f TA FP, IICRISA T,
p ~ ~ f b r g r a & g n a e r v n y ~ s i c n s t o ~lachxea. @iyfaciliiamd
~ m o p r m t M d r m n g t k m m e o f ~ ~ ~
I extad my r i m t l d s to Dr. (Mrs.) Vijaya Khader, /%$SOY &
UniuPrsity Head, P.G&R.C, Rapdrmqmfbr herpdd (luqd x mnn pnrdqfmy
M.Sc.
My .rewm are de to Mrs. Sreedevi d Mrs. Nagalakshmi,
ResanrhAssociatec fortheirMprlrmngnydd.
Dicricot is not mnple to crprcsr my dap xmo flman, lw,r uh&f pmde
andhqU rhanks to niy hdarrdpmis Sri D. Strbba Rayudu udSmt. D. Rama
Dm' and dmrm hrothrr Kishore fw rheir zmpmallel iljiam, nunal srr~xmm i
~~~~~*tometbm*ql$.
I cxpvcss my hcartkt thks to ail my hq f;.d Prameela, Suman,
Sunitha, Chaitdnya, Anitha, Kavitha, Sangeetha, Rita, Mousmee,
Madhurima md Sara for thrq pt,h rlp anddd&hl mqtmmh+ made my
~l$amfmaahkone.
I mn dm&fdto Achy N.G. R q A gnah-a1 Unkhyf or pmdq fhe
finmta$assa
DECLARATION
I, Ms D. KIRAN MAY1 hereby declare that the thesis enlitled
"INCIDENCE OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN SELECTED
SPICES IN ANDHRA PRADESH" submitted to Acharyo N.G. Ranga
Agricultural University Tor the degree of 'MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
HOME SCIENCE' is the result of the original work done by me. It is Turther
declnred that the thesis or any part thereof has not been published earlier in
any manner.
'
b
Date:
Place: Hyderabad KIRAN MAY1