In Vitro Haploid Production in Higher Plants, Volume 5: Oil, Ornamental and Miscellaneous Plants

262 Pages·1997·8.695 MB·English

by  S. Mohan Jain (ed.), S. K. Sopory (ed.), R. E. Veilleux (ed.)

IN VITRO HAPLOID PRODUCTION IN HIGHER PLANTS
Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture
VOLUME 29
Scientific Editor
RJ. Summerfield, The University o/Reading, Department 0/ Agriculture, P.O. Box 236,
Reading RG6 2AT, Berkshire, UK
Scientific Advisory Board
B.K. Barton, Agracetus Inc., Middleton, Wisconsin, USA
F.C. Cannon, University 0/ Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
H.V. Davies, Scottish Crops Research Institute, Dundee, Scotland, UK
J. Denecke, University o/York, York, UK
J. Hamblin, The University o/Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
J. Lyman Snow, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
C.P. Meredith, University o/California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
J. Sprent, University o/Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
D.P.S. Verma, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
Aims and Scope
The book series is intended for readers ranging from advanced students to senior research
scientists and corporate directors interested in acquiring in-depth, state-of-the-art knowledge
about research fmdings and techniques related to all aspects of agricultural biotechnology.
Although the previous volumes in the series dealt with plant science and biotechnology, the
aim is now to also include volumes dealing with animals science, food science and
microbiology. While the subject matter will relate more particularly to agricultural applica
tions, timely topics in basic science and biotechnology will also be explored. Some volumes
will report progress in rapidly advancing disciplines through proceedings of symposia and
workshops while others will detail fundamental information of an enduring nature that will
be referenced repeatedly.
The titles published in this series are listed at the end 0/ this volume.
In Vitro Haploid
Production in
Higher Plants
Volume 5 - Oil, Ornamental and Miscellaneous Plants
Edited by
S. MOHAN JAIN
Plant Production Department, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
S.K. SOPORY
School of Life Science, lawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
and
R.E. VEILLEUX
Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg,
Virginia, U.S.A.
~.
"
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.Y.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
In v!t~o haploid p~oduction in highe~ plants 1 edito~s. S. Mohan ~ain,
S.K. Sopo~y. R.E. Veilleux.
p. c•. -- <Cu~~ent plant science and b1otechnology in
agricultura : v. 23>
Includes index.
Contents: v. 1. Fundamental aspects
ISBN 978-90-481-4683-3 ISBN 978-94-017-1856-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-1856-1
1. Mic~op~opagation. 2. Haploidy. 3. Crops--Genetic eng1nee~1ng.
4. Plant b~eeding. I. Jain, S. Mohan. II. Sopo~y. S. K.
III. Veilleux, R. E. IV. Se~ies: Cu~~ent plant science and
biotechnology in ag~icultu~e : 23.
S~123.6.I45 1996
631.5'23--dc20 95-304
ISBN 978-90-481-4683-3
Printed on acid-free paper
Ali Rights Reserved
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1997
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
Table of Contents
Dedication
I.K. Vasil vii
General Preface ix
Preface to Volume 5 xiii
Acknowledgements xiv
Section 1
V.1. Haploidy and related biotechnological methods in linseed
(Linum usitatissimum L.)
R. Bergmann and W. Friedt 1
V.2. Haploid production and application of molecular methods
in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
W. Friedt, T. Nurhidayah, T. Rocher, H. Kohler,
R. Bergmann and R. Horn 17
V.3. Haploidy in niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass)
P.B. Kavi Kishor, T.P. Reddy, A. Sarvesh and
G. Venkatesham 37
Section 2
V.4. Haploidy in Petunia
S. Mohan Jain and N. Bhalla-Sarin 53
v
VI Table of contents
V.5. In vitro induction of haploid plants from the
gametophytes of lily and tulip
R. W .. van den Bulk and J.M. van Tuyl 73
V.6. Anther and microspore culture in Camellia japonica
M.C. Pedroso and M.S. Pais 89
Section 3
V.7. Haploidy in asparagus by anther culture
H.S. Tsay 109
V.8. Haploidy in Nicotiana spp.
A. Cersosimo and C. Sorrentino 135
V.9. In vitro induction of haploidy in cotton
Y.P.S. Bajaj and M.S. Gill 165
V.lO. Gynogenic haploids in vitro
G. Lakshmi Sita 175
V.11. Haploidy in Citrus
M.A. Germana 195
V.12. Haploid plantlet production in tomato
W.L. Summers 219
V.13. Somata haploid production by anther culture of
interspecific somatic hybrids and their prospects in potato
breeding
V.-M. Rokka, J.P. T. Valkonen and E. Pehu 233
List of Contributors 245
Species and Subject index 249
Haploid production in higher plants
A dedication
INDRA K. VASIL
The value of haploids in genetic analysis and plant breeding has been known
for a long time. Natural haploid embryos and plants, derived from gameto
phytic cells, have been described in about 100 species of angiosperms. How
ever, haploids occur only rarely in nature. To be useful, they must be
produced in large numbers. Therefore, many attempts have been made over
the years to increase the efficiency of in ovulo haploid production, but none
of these has proven to be of wide practical utility. The early attempts to
obtain haploid plants from the male gametophyte of gymnosperms (Tulecke,
1953) and angiosperms (Yamada et at., 1963) resulted only in the production
of haploid callus tissues (Vasil, 1980).
Embryo-like structures formed in cultured anthers of Datura innoxia were
first described by Guha and Maheshwari (1964). They were considered to
have originated from the somatic tissues of the anther. In a subsequent study,
it was determined that the somatic embryos and the resulting plantlets were
indeed derived from the developing microspores and were haploid in nature
(Guha and Maheshwari, 1966). As is true of most pioneering studies, these
first androgenic haploids were neither grown to maturity, nor were the
experimental conditions for their production clearly defined. Their real value
was in demonstrating the feasibility of the experimental production of ha
ploids. Haploid plants were soon obtained from cultured anthers of Nicotiana
sylvestris and N. tabacum by Bourgin and Nitsch (1967). These and subse
quent studies by Nitsch and Nitsch (1969) clearly established that the culture
of excised anthers at a precise stage of development was the most important
requirement for switching the development of pollen from a gametophytic
to a sporophytic phase, resulting in the formation of haploid embryos and/or
plants. They also described a simple nutrient medium for the culture of
anthers, and an easy procedure for obtaining dihaploid homozygous plants.
The elegant, simple and reliable method of haploid production invented by
Jean Pierre Nitsch and his associates provided much stimulus for future
studies by many others.
During the past three decades many improved methods as well as nutrient
media have been developed to increase the efficiency of production of andro-
vii
viii A dedication
Prot. s.c. Maheshwari Dr. J.P. Nitsch
genic haploids, from cultured anthers as well as isolated microspores, in a
wide variety of species. Success has also been achieved in obtaining gynogenic
haploids from cultured ovaries or ovules. As a result, haploids are being
used increasingly and profitably in breeding programmes for the development
of new and improved cultivars. The various chapters in this and the com
panion volumes describe in detail the basic as well as many applied aspects
of haploid production and utilization.
It has been my pleasure and privilege to have known the late Jean Pierre
Bourgin, Sipra Guha-Mukherjee, Satish C. Maheshwari, Colette Nitsch and
the late Jean Pierre Nitsch, all pioneers in haploid research. These volumes
are dedicated to them for their seminal contributions to the experimental
production of haploids and for creating a whole new field of basic and applied
plant research.
References
Bourgin, J.P. and J.P. Nitsch, 1967. Obtention de Nicotiana haploides II partir d'etamines
cultivees in vitro. Ann. Physio!. Veg. 9: 377-382.
Guha, S. and S.C. Maheshwari, 1964. In vitro production of embryos from anthers of Datura.
Nature 204: 497.
Guha, S. and S.C. Maheshwari, 1966. Cell division and differentiation of embryos in the pollen
grains of Datura in vitro. Nature 212: 97-98.
Nitsch, J.P. and C. Nitsch, 1969. Haploid plants from pollen grains. Science 163: 85--87.
Tulecke W., 1953. A tissue derived from the pollen of Ginkgo bi/oba. Science 117: 599-600.
Yamada, T., T. Shoji and Y. Sinoto. 1963. Formation of calli and free cells in the tissue culture
of Tradescantia reflexa. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 76: 332-339.
Vasil, I.K., 1980. Androgenetic haploids. Int. Rev. Cyto!. Supp!. 11A: 195-223.
General Preface
Since the beginning of agricultural production, there has been a continuous
effort to grow more and better quality food to feed ever increasing popula
tions. Both improved cultural practices and improved crop plants have
allowed us to divert more human resources to non-agricultural activities while
still increasing agricultural production. Malthusian population predictions
continue to alarm agricultural researchers, especially plant breeders, to seek
new technologies that will continue to allow us to produce more and better
food by fewer people on less land. Both improvement of existing cultivars and
development of new high-yielding cultivars are common goals for breeders of
all crops. In vitro haploid production is among the new technologies that
show great promise toward the goal of increasing crop yields by making
similar germplasm available for many crops that was used to implement
one of the greatest plant breeding success stories of this century, i.e., the
development of hybrid maize by crosses of inbred lines. One of the main
applications of anther culture has been to produce diploid homozygous pure
lines in a single generation, thus saving many generations of backcrossing to
reach homozygosity by traditional means or in crops where self-pollination
is not possible.
Because doubled haploids are equivalent to inbred lines, their value has
been appreciated by plant breeders for decades. The search for natural
haploids and methods to induce them has been ongoing since the beginning
of the 20th century. Blakeslee (1921) first identified naturally occurring hap
loids of Datura stramonium and subsequently, natural haploids of many other
plants were reported by various researchers. However, naturally occurring
haploids could not be produced in sufficient numbers by reliable techniques
for their extensive use in breeding programmes. In 1964, the research group
headed by Prof. S.C. Maheshwari, Department of Botany, Delhi University,
India, reported haploid production in Datura innoxia for the first time by
anther culture. Since this discovery, many of the limitations of the technique
have been overcome such that it is currently employed for the production of
haploids and doubled haploids of many crop species throughout the world.
The early contributions of Drs. C. Nitsch and J.-P. Nitsch (France), G.
Melchers (Germany), M.S. Swaminathan (India), I.K. Vasil (USA), N.
ix