In Search of Good Energy Policy

390 Pages·2019·6.474 MB·English

by  Marc Ozawa (editor), Jonathan Chaplin (editor), Michael Pollitt (editor), David Reiner (editor), Paul Warde (editor)

in search of good energy policy
Drawing on political science, economics, philosophy, theology, social anthropology,
history, management studies, law, and other subject areas, In Search of Good Energy
Policybringstogetherleadingacademicsfromacrossthesocialsciencesandhumanities
toofferaninnovativelookatwhyscienceandtechnology,andthetypeofquantification
they champion, cannot alone meet the needs of energy policy making in the future.
Featuringworld-classresearchersfromtheUniversityofCambridgeandotherleading
universitiesaroundtheworld,thisinnovativebookpresentsaninterdisciplinarydialogue
in which scientists and practitioners reach across institutional divides to offer their
perspectivesontherelevanceofmulti-disciplinaryresearchfor‘realworld’application.
Thisworkshouldbereadbyanyoneinterestedinunderstandinghowmultidisciplinary
researchandcollaborationisessentialtocraftinggoodenergypolicy.
MarcOzawaisanassociatedresearcheroftheEnergyPolicyResearchGroup(EPRG)at
theUniversityofCambridge.Hiscurrentresearchexaminestheroleoftrustininterna-
tional relations, NATO-Russian relations and Russian, East European and Eurasian
affairs.
JonathanChaplinisaspecialistinpoliticaltheologyandamemberofthe‘InSearchof
“Good” Energy’ Project. He was Director of the Kirby Laing Institute for Christian
Ethics,basedinCambridge,from2006to2017.Currentlyanindependentscholar,he
is a member of the Divinity Faculty of Cambridge University, a Senior Fellow of the
Canadianthink-tankCardusandaconsultantresearcherfortheLondon-basedreligion
andsocietythink-tankTheos.
Michael Pollitt is Professor of Business Economics at the Cambridge Judge Business
School in the University of Cambridge and a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College,
Cambridge. He is chair of the ‘In Search of ‘Good’ Energy Policy’ Grand Challenge
initiativeofEnergy@CambridgeandanAssistantDirectoroftheEnergyPolicyResearch
Group(EPRG).
DavidReinerisSeniorLecturerattheCambridgeJudgeBusinessSchoolandAssistant
Director of the Energy Policy Research Group at Cambridge University. His research
focusesonenergyandclimatechangepolitics,policy,economics,regulationandpublic
attitudes,withaparticularfocusonsociallicensetooperate.
Paul Warde is a Reader in Environmental History at the University of Cambridge,
previously having been Professor of Environmental History at the University of East
Anglia. His previous publications include The Invention of Sustainability: Nature and
destiny,1500–1870(2018);TheEnvironment:AHistoryoftheIdea(2018);andPowertothe
People:EnergyinEuropeOvertheLastFiveCenturies(2013).

In Search of Good Energy Policy
Editedby
MARC OZAWA
CambridgeUniversityEnergyPolicyResearchGroup
JONATHAN CHAPLIN
CambridgeUniversityFacultyofDivinity
MICHAEL POLLITT
CambridgeUniversityJudgeBusinessSchool
DAVID REINER
CambridgeUniversityJudgeBusinessSchool
PAUL WARDE
CambridgeUniversityFacultyofHistory
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www.cambridge.org
Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108481168
doi:10.1017/9781108639439
©MarcOzawa,JonathanChaplin,MichaelPollitt,DavidReinerandPaulWarde2019
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements
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Firstpublished2019
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Contents
ListofFigures pagexiii
ListofTables xv
ListofContributors xvi
Acknowledgments xxix
1 Introduction 1
MarcOzawa,JonathanChaplin,MichaelPollitt,DavidReiner,
andPaulWarde
1.1 WhyDoWeNeedaMultidisciplinarySocialScience–and
Humanities–BasedApproachtoEnergyPolicy? 4
1.2 MultidisciplinaryApproachestoEnergyPolicy 7
1.3 ExamplesofDifferentDisciplinaryApproachesin
SocialSciencesandHumanities 9
1.4 BookStructure 10
1.5 HighlightsandKeyLessons 11
part i multidisciplinary perspectives 23
2 PoliticalScienceandEnergy 25
DavidM.Reiner
2.1 Introduction 25
2.2 EnergyandthePoliticalScienceLiterature 26
2.3 EnergyandPoliticalSubfields 27
2.4 AreasofFutureGrowth:PuttingEnergyintoEnvironmental
andClimatePolitics 29
2.5 References 31
vi Contents
3 Economics–TheProperValuationofSecurityandEnvironment 32
DavidNewbery
3.1 Introduction 32
3.2 TheRoleandLimitationsofCompetitiveMarkets 33
3.3 MarketCompletenessandMissingMarkets 35
3.4 ClimateChangeMitigation 37
3.5 Security 41
3.6 Conclusions 42
3.7 References 42
4 GoodEnergy:PhilosophicalPerspectives 45
TimLewens
4.1 GoodOutcomesandGoodProcesses 45
4.2 GoodOutcomes 46
4.2.1 EnergyJustice 46
4.2.2 FutureGenerations 47
4.2.3 Non-identity 47
4.2.4 ComparingConsequences 48
4.3 GoodProcesses 49
4.3.1 TheRoleofExperts 49
4.3.2 InductiveRisk 50
4.3.3 Participation 52
4.3.4 Precaution 54
4.4 Conclusions:Science,PolicyandProcess 56
5 PublicTheology–‘Grounded’:AnEnergyPolicyRootedin
HumanFlourishing 57
JonathanChaplin
5.1 TheNatureof‘PublicTheology’ 57
5.2 EnvironmentalPublicTheology 58
5.3 PublicTheologyand‘Good’EnergyPolicy 64
5.4 Conclusions:FromTheologytoAction 66
5.5 References 67
6 AnthropologyandEnergyPolicy 69
CharlotteJohnson
6.1 Interests 69
6.1.1 AnthropologyoftheState 70
6.1.2 EconomicAnthropology 70
6.1.3 MaterialCultureoftheHomeandConsumption 71
6.1.4 DigitalAnthropology 72
6.2 Approaches 72
6.3 Collaborations 73
6.4 References 74
Contents vii
7 History:ALongView? 76
PaulWarde
8 Management–FromtheDrawingBoardtoSuccessfulDelivery 82
JimPlatts
8.1 EmbodyingWisdom 83
8.2 DevelopinganIndustry 84
8.3 DevelopingNewInfrastructure 85
8.4 InsightfulLeadershipIdentifiestheRisksandRemovesThem 85
8.5 DevelopingBiggerWindTurbines 86
8.6 MakingItHappen 87
9 LegalAspectsofEnergyPolicy 89
TibisayMorgandiandJorgeE.Vin˜uales
9.1 Introduction 89
9.2 ExtractionofShaleGasintheEuropeanUnion 90
9.3 Low-CarbonPoliciesintheUnitedStates 93
9.4 RenewableEnergySupportinIndia 95
9.5 LegalAspectsof‘Good’EnergyPolicy 96
part ii cases and multidisciplinary responses 99
10 TheEthicsofNuclearEnergy:ItsPast,PresentandFuture 101
BehnamTaebiandSabineRoeser
10.1 Introduction 101
10.2 TheEthicsofNuclearEnergy:WhereWeComeFrom 103
10.3 NewNuclearTechnology:OldandNewChallenges 104
10.4 MultinationalNuclearWasteDisposalandProblemsofJustice 106
10.5 TheNeedforGlobalGovernanceofNuclearEnergy 108
10.6 NuclearRisk,ValuesandEmotions 109
10.7 Conclusions 112
10.8 References 113
10.9 Responseto‘TheEthicsofNuclearEnergy–ItsPast,
PresentandFuture’ 116
AlexandraC.H.Skelton
10.9.1 References 119
11 FukushimaandGermanEnergyPolicy2005–2015/2016 120
ChristianGrowitschandFelixHo¨ffler
11.1 TheImmediateEffectofFukushima 120
11.1.1 ThePoliticalConsequences 120
11.1.2 Short-TermMarketandQuantityReactions 121
viii Contents
11.2 Long-TermEffectsoftheAcceleratedPhase-Out 127
11.3 SomeTentativeInterpretations 132
11.4 Responseto‘FukushimaandGermanEnergyPolicy
2005–2015/2016’ 136
MarcOzawa
12 RethinkingtheEnvironmentalState:AnEconomicHistory
oftheSwedishEnvironmentalKuznetsCurveforCarbon 139
MagnusLindmark
12.1 Introduction 139
12.2 TheOilCrisesandtheDevelopmentofCarbonEmissions 140
12.3 WhytheOilIntensityWasSoHighin1973 144
12.4 TheRoleofTaxesandSubsidies 147
12.5 Energyandthe‘ThirdWay’EconomicPolicy 149
12.6 FromThreeMileIslandtotheCarbonCeilingandBeyond 153
12.7 Conclusions 156
12.8 References 158
12.8.1 OfficialPublications 158
12.8.2 OnlineResources 159
12.8.3 NewspaperArticles 159
12.8.4 Literature 159
12.9 Responseto‘RethinkingtheEnvironmentalState:AnEconomic
HistoryoftheSwedishEnvironmentalKuznetsCurveforCarbon’ 162
MichaelG.Pollitt
12.9.1 References 164
13 FossilFuelSystemsto100PerCentRenewableEnergy-BasedSmart
EnergySystems:LessonsfromtheCaseofDenmark,1973–2017 165
FredeHvelplund,SørenDjørupandKarlSperling
13.1 Introduction 165
13.2 TheSocialAnthropologicalGOINGCLOSEApproach 168
13.3 WhatCanWeLearnfromthe1975–2017HistoryoftheDanish
EnergySector? 169
13.3.1 From1975to2001 169
13.3.2 From2001to2017 170
13.4 TheDevelopmentandImplementationofIntegratedSmart
EnergySystems 172
13.4.1 TheSmartEnergySystemScenario 172
13.4.2 TheTransmissionSystemScenario 173
13.5 TheOwnershipDiscussionandtheTransitiontoSmartEnergy
Systems 173
13.6 TheCoordinationofSmartEnergySystemsversusthe
CoordinationoftheTransmissionLineParadigm 176
Contents ix
13.6.1 WillSmartEnergySystemsBeAbletoPoliticallyand
EconomicallyCompetewiththeTransmissionLine
ParadigmunderthePresentInstitutionalRegime? 176
13.6.2 IftheConditionsforSmartEnergySystemsImprove,
WillTheseSystemsBeConsumer-or
Municipality-Owned? 178
13.7 PolicySuggestions 179
13.8 Conclusions 180
13.9 CommentsonDanishHeatingPoliciessince1950:
ASocialSciencePerspectiveonDanishHeatSystems 184
PaulWarde
14 ThePoliticsofCarbonCaptureandStorage:HowInterestsHave
OutstrippedEconomicsinShapingtheEvolutionofaTechnology 187
DavidM.Reiner
14.1 Introduction 187
14.2 APre-HistoryofCCS:TheAnalysts’(andStakeholder?)
Favourite 189
14.3 ABriefGoldenEraofCCS(2003–2009) 192
14.4 MovingbeyondRhetoricalSupport(2009–):AMoreSceptical
ViewofInterests 194
14.4.1 Government 194
14.4.2 EnergyIndustry 195
14.4.3 NGOs 196
14.5 Conclusions:WhyHavethePoliticsofCCSBeenSoDifficult? 197
14.6 Responseto‘ThePoliticsofCarbonCaptureandStorage:
HowInterestsHaveOutstrippedEconomicsinShapingthe
EvolutionofaTechnology’ 200
JimPlatts
15 ScalingCleanEnergyforDataCentres:Trends,Problems,Solutions 202
AtifAnsar,DanMadrigalandSethCollins
15.1 Introduction 202
15.2 EnergyUseinDataCentres 204
15.2.1 Utilisation 204
15.2.2 Virtualisation 205
15.3 FacilityTypesandEnergyConsequences 205
15.4 MetricsandMeasurement 205
15.5 TwinSolutions:EnergyEfficiencyandRenewableGeneration 207
15.5.1 TheCaseforEfficiency 207
15.5.2 EfficiencyGainsinCoolingTechnologies 207
15.5.3 PUEInnovation 208
15.5.4 TheCaseforRenewablePowerinDataCentres 209