In Memory Of Vernon Willard Hughes: Proceedings Of The Memorial Symposium In Honor Of Vernon Willard Hughes, Yale University, USA 14 - 15 November 2003 PDF
Preview In Memory Of Vernon Willard Hughes: Proceedings Of The Memorial Symposium In Honor Of Vernon Willard Hughes, Yale University, USA 14 - 15 November 2003
Vernon W. Hughes Proceedings of the Memorial Symposium in Honor of Vernon Willard Hughes Yale University, USA 14 - 15 November 2003 editors Emlyn Willard Hughes California Institute of Technology, USA Francesco Iachello Yale University, USA v World Scientific - NEW JERSEY * LONDON SINGAPORE * BElJlNG SHANGHAI * HONG KONG * TAIPEI CHENNAI Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Re. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA ofice: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402,H ackensack, NJ 07601 UK ojjice: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. IN MEMORY OF VERNON WILLARD HUGHES Proceedings of the Memorial Symposium in Honor of Vernon Willard Hughes Copyright 0 2004 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Re. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereoJ may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying. recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 981-256-050-5 Printed in Singapore by World Scientific Printers (S) Pte Ltd Preface On November 14-15, 2003, the Vernon Willard Hughes Memorial Sympo- sium was held at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. This volume contains the Proceedings of that Symposium. The Symposium was orga- nized by a Committee composed of Charles Baltay, David DeMille, Paul Fleury, Emlyn Hughes and Francesco Iachello (Chair). About 100 sci- entists attended the Symposium from the international community, Yale, surrounding universities and the country as a whole. The Symposium com- menced with a welcoming address by Susan Hochfield, Provost of Yale University. Talks were presented by scientists from several countries on topics related to Vernon’s work, in particular his discovery of muonium, his major contributions to the spin structure of the proton and to the muon (g-2) experiment. Other subjects were also discussed. A Symposium banquet was held on Friday evening with D. Allan Brom- ley presiding. Gisbert zu Putlitz was unable to be present, but D. Allan Bromley read his remarks. Daniel Kleppner and Nicholas Samios said some nice words. John Marburger Jr., Science Adviser to the President, was also present and made remarks. We are grateful to all the banquet speakers for their words. The biographical memoir of Vernon, written by Robert K. Adair for the National Academy of Sciences, is included in this volume as an important contribution to Vernon’s legacy. For future reference, we have also included in this volume the complete publication list of Vernon Willard Hughes comprising over 400 articles, a true account of major developments in atomic, nuclear and particle physics in the years 1950-2003. We are also grateful to the Provost Office, the Physics Department through its Chairman R. Shankar and the School of Engineering through its Chairman Paul Fleury for grants to support outside speakers. We owe a great deal of gratitude to the Physics Department for provid- ing the infrastructure and technical services, and to the Conference Secre- tary, Diane Altschuler, and the staff of the Physics Department, Laurelyn Celone and Marguerite Scalesse, for their help. Without them, this impor- tant event, commemorating the contributions of one of the leading world figures in 20th Century Physics would not have been possible. Emlyn Hughes Prancesco Iachello V TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk Contents Preface V Vernon Hughes and the Early Years of Molecular Beam Resonance 1 Norman F. Ramsey, Higgins Professor of Physics Emeritus, Harvard University The 46 Years of Muon g-2 8 Francis Farley, Visiting Senior Research Scientist, Yale University Muonium The Early Experiments 26 - Richard Prepost, Professor of Physics, University of Wisconsin Muonium Lifetime and Heavy Quark Decays (Lessons Learned from Muonium) 42 William J. Marciano, Senior Scientist, Brookhaven National Laboratory Recent Developments of the Theory of Muon and Electron g-2 58 Toichiro Kinoshita, G. Smith Professor of Physics Emeritus, Cornell University Vernon Hughes and the Quest for the Proton’s Spin 78 Robert L. Jaffe, Morningstar Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Spin Structure of the Nucleon: A Hughes Legacy 96 Gordon D. Cates, Professor of Physics, University of Virginia vii viii Muon g-2: The Last Word? 116 Ernst Sichtermann, Division Fellow, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Past, Present and Future of Muonium 134 Klaus P. Jungmann, Professor of Physics, University of Groningen Parity Nonconservation in Electron-Electron Scattering 154 Emlyn W. Hughes, Professor of Physics, California Institute of Technology Exploring the Nucleon Spin: The Next Decade 171 Abhay L. Deshpande, RIKEN Fellow, Brookhaven National Laboratory Remarks at the Symposium Banquet Honoring Vernon Hughes 191 D. Allan Brornley, Presiding, Sterling Professor of the Sciences, Yale University Banquet Talk in Honor of Vernon W. Hughes 193 Gisbert zu Putlitz, Professor of Physics, University of Heidelberg Tests of CPT for Muons 196 Vernon W. Hughes, Yale University Vernon Willard Hughes, 1921-2003 (A Biographical Memoir) 204 Robert K. Adair, Professor of Physics, Yale University Publication List of Vernon W. Hughes 223 VERNON HUGHES AND THE EARLY YEARS OF MOLECULAR BEAM RESONANCE NORMAN F. RAMSEY Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 The first phase of molecular beam resonance studies began with 1.1. Rabi's invention [ 11 of the molecular beam magnetic resonance method in September of 1937. This invention was stimulated by Rabi's brilliant theoretical paper [a] entitled "Space Quantization in a Gyrating Magnetic Field," by C.J. Gorter's publication [a] entitled "Negative Result of an Attempt to Detect Nuclear Magnetic Spins" and by a visit of Gorter to Rabi's Columbia laboratory. Imme,diately after the invention, two of Rabi's research groups modified their apparatus [I] as shown in Fig. 1 to detect the resonance frequencies at which transitions occurred. vY A magnet 0 magnet Fig. 1. Schematic diagram showing the principle of the first molecular beam magnetic resonance experiments. The two solid curves indicate two paths of molecules having different orientations that are not changed during passage through the apparatus. The two dashed curves in the region of the B magnet indicate two paths of molecules whose orientation has been changed in the C region so the refocusing is lost due to the change in the component along the direction of the magnetic field. 1
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