IN COASTAL DISTRICTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH

219 Pages·2016·14.66 MB·English

STANDARDIZATION OF AGRO-TECHNIQUES FOR
ASHWAGANDHA (withania somnifera Dunal.)
IN COASTAL DISTRICTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH

BY

D.VENKATA SWAMI
M.Sc., (Ag.)

THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HORTICULTURE

DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD – 500 030

JULY, 2011
STANDARDIZATION OF AGRO-TECHNIQUES FOR
ASHWAGANDHA (withania somnifera Dunal.)
IN COASTAL DISTRICTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH

BY

D.VENKATA SWAMI
M.Sc., (Ag.)

THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HORTICULTURE

CHAIRPERSON : Dr. K.PURUSHOTHAM

DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD – 500 030

JULY, 2011
CERTIFICATE

Mr. D.VENKATA SWAMI has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of
research and that the thesis entitled “Standardization of Agro-techniques
for Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal. ) in coastal districts of
Andhra Pradesh” submitted is the result of original research work and is
of sufficiently high standard to warrant its presentation to the examination.
I also certify that the thesis or part thereof has not been previously
submitted by him for a degree of any university.

Date :
( Dr. K.PURUSHOTHAM )

Chairperson of the Advisory
Committee
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “STANDARDIZATION OF
AGRO-TECHNIQUES FOR ASHWAGANDHA (Withania somnifera Dunal. ) IN
COASTAL DISTRICTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH ” submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ‘Doctor of Philosophy’ in the major
field of Horticulture of the Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad
is a record of the bonafide original research work carried out by Mr. D.VENKATA
SWAMI under our guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis has been
approved by the Students Advisory Committee.
No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. The
published part and all assistance and help received during course of investigation have
been duly acknowledged by the author of the thesis.

Thesis approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee

Chairman : Dr. K. PURUSHOTHAM
Director of Research __________________
A.P. Horticultural University
VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM
West Godavari Dist., A.P

Member : Dr. B. NEERAJA PRABHAKAR
Associate Professor __________________
Department of Horticulture
College of Agriculture
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, A.P

Member : Dr. B.VENKATESWARLU
Professor __________________
Department of Agronomy
Agricultural College
BAPATLA, Guntur Dist., A.P

Member : Dr. A. SIVA SHANKAR __________________
Professor & Head
Department of Plant physiology
College of Agriculture
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, A.P
External Examinar : Dr. K. P. Sastry, Chief Scientist,
of final viva-voce Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Boduppal,
Hyderabad, A.P. Boduppal, Hyderabad, A.P
Date of final viva - voce: 29-11-2011
LIST OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
NUMBER NUMBER

I INTRODUCTION

II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

III MATERIALS AND METHODS

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

VI L I T E RATURE CITED
LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE
NUMBER NUMBER
1. Physico-chemical properties of the experimental soil
2. Plant height (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
seed rate
3. Leaf area of ashwagandha as influenced by seed rate
4. Number of primary branches of ashwagandha as
influenced by seed rate
5. Days to 50% flowering of ashwagandha as influenced
by seed rate
6. Number of days to harvest of ashwagandha as
influenced by seed rate
7. Root length of ashwagandha as influenced by seed rate
8. Root girth of ashwagandha as influenced by seed rate
9. Primary roots of ashwagandha as influenced by seed
rate
10. Secondary roots of ashwagandha as influenced by seed
rate
11. Fresh root weight of ashwagandha as influenced by
seed rate
12. Dry root weight of ashwagandha as influenced by seed
rate
13. Seed yield of ashwagandha as influenced by seed rate
14. Plant height of Ashwagandha as influenced by spacing
15. Leaf area of Ashwagandha as influenced by spacing
16. Leaf area index of Ashwagandha as influenced by
spacing
17. Primary branches of Ashwagandha as influenced by
spacing
18. Days to 50% flowering of Ashwagandha as influenced
by spacing
19. Days to harvest of Ashwagandha as influenced by
spacing
20. Root length of Ashwagandha as influenced by spacing
21. Root girth (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
spacing
22. Primary roots of Ashwagandha as influenced by
spacing
23. Secondary roots of Ashwagandha as influenced by
spacing
24. Fresh root weight of Ashwagandha as influenced by
spacing

25. Dry root weight of Ashwagandha as influenced by
spacing
26. Seed yield (kg ha-1) of Ashwagandha as influenced by
spacing
27. Plant Height of Ashwagandha as influenced by
biofertilizers
28. Leaf Area of Ashwagandha as influenced by
biofertilizers
29. Leaf Area Index of Ashwagandha as influenced by
biofertilizers
30. Root Length of Ashwagandha as influenced by
biofertilizers
31. Root girth of Ashwagandha as influenced by
biofertilizers
32. Primary Branches of Ashwagandha as influenced by
biofertilizers
33. Fresh root weight of Ashwagandha as influenced by
biofertilizers
34. Dry root yield of Ashwagandha as influenced by
biofertilizers
35. Seed yield of Ashwagandha as influenced by
biofertilizers
36. Effect of biofertilizers and phosphorus on N, P and K
content(%) of leaves at harvest
37. Effect of biofertilizers and phosphorus on N, P and K
content (%) of roots at harvest
38. Tap root length of ashwagandha as influenced by
stages of harvest
39. Tap root girth of ashwagandha as influenced by stages
of harvest

40. Primary roots of ashwagandha as influenced by stages
of harvest

41. Secondary roots of ashwagandha as influenced by
stages of harvest
42. Grade of ashwagandha influenced by stages of harvest
43. Dry root yield of ashwagandha influenced by stages of
harvest
44. Dry root weight of ashwagandha as influenced by
stages of harvest
45. Alkaloid content of ashwagandha as influenced by
stages of harvest
46. Root girth of ashwagandha influenced by stages of
harvest and storage period
47. Dry root weight of ashwagandha influenced by stages
of harvest and storage period
48. Root moisture content of ashwagandha influenced by
stages of harvest and storage period
49. Alkaloid content of ashwagandha influenced by stages
of harvest and storage period
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE PAGE
TITLE
NUMBER NUMBER
Weekly meteorological data during the crop period
1
(2009-10 and 2010-11).
Layout plan of the experiment on standardization of
1.a Agro technique for ashwagandha in coastal districts
of Andhra Pradesh.
Layout plan of experiment-1 on effect of seed rate
1.b
on growth and yield of ashwagandha.
Layout plan of experiment-2 on effect of spacing
1.c
on growth and yield of ashwagandha.
Layout plan of experiment-3 on influence of
1.d biofertilizers in combination with graded levels of
P O on growth and yield of ashwagandha.
2 5
Layout plan of experiment-4 on effect of time of
1.e harvesting on root yield and quality of
ashwagandha
Plant height (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
2
spacing.
Root length (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
3
spacing.
Tap root girth (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced
4
by spacing.
Fresh and dry root yield (q ha-1) of ashwagandha as
5
influenced by spacing.
Seed yield (kg ha-1) of ashwagandha as influenced
6
by spacing.
Plant height (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
7
seed rate.
8 Root length (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
seed rate.
Root girth (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
9
seed rate.
Fresh and dry root weight (q ha-1) of ashwagandha
10
as influenced by seed rate.
Seed yield (kg ha-1) of ashwagandha as influenced
11
by seed rate.
Plant height (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
12
biofertilizers and P O .
2 5
Root length (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
13
biofertilizers and P O .
2 5
Root girth (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
14
biofertilizers and P O .
2 5
Fresh and dry root weight (q ha-1) of ashwagandha
15
as influenced by biofertilizers and P O .
2 5
Seed yield (kg ha-1) of ashwagandha as influenced
16
by biofertilizers and P O .
2 5
Tap root length (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced
17
by harvesting stage.
Tap root girth (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced
18
by harvesting stage.
Dry root weight (g plant-1) of ashwagandha as
19
influenced by harvesting stage.
Dry root yield (q ha-1) of ashwagandha as
20
influenced by harvesting stage.
Alkaloid content (%) of ashwagandha as influenced
21
by harvesting stage.
Root grade (%) of ashwagandha as influenced by
22
harvesting stage.
Root girth (cm) of ashwagandha as influenced by
23
stages of harvesting and storage period.
Alkaloid content (%) of ashwagandha as influenced
24
by stages of harvesting and storage period.