Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems: Volume 2

316 Pages·2018·7.57 MB·English

by  Andre Bationo

Andre Bationo · Djimasbé Ngaradoum
Sansan Youl · Francois Lompo
Joseph Opoku Fening Editors
Improving the Profi tability,
Sustainability and Effi ciency
of Nutrients Through
Site Specifi c Fertilizer
Recommendations in West
Africa Agro-Ecosystems
Volume 2
Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and
Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific
Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa
Agro-Ecosystems
Andre Bationo • Djimasbe´ Ngaradoum
Sansan Youl • Francois Lompo
Joseph Opoku Fening
Editors
Improving the Profitability,
Sustainability and Efficiency
of Nutrients Through
Site Specific Fertilizer
Recommendations in West
Africa Agro-Ecosystems
Volume 2
Editors
AndreBationo Djimasbe´Ngaradoum
IFDC CultivatingNewFrontiersinAgriculture
Accra,Ghana Conakry,Guinea
SansanYoul FrancoisLompo
IFDC-Ouaga INERA
Ouagadougou11,BurkinaFaso Ouagadougou4,BurkinaFaso
JosephOpokuFening
SoilResearchInstitute
CSIRSoilResearchInstitute
Kumasi,Ghana
ISBN978-3-319-58791-2 ISBN978-3-319-58792-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58792-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017961317
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Preface
ThepopulationinWestAfricahasquadrupledoverthelast50years,andthisrapid
growth has had a huge impact on the food demand and natural resources. Food
productionpercapitahasdeclinedforthepastseveraldecadesinWestAfrica,the
only major region of the developing world where this has occurred. This trend is
putting at stake the livelihoods of the poor in the region and poses a daunting
challengetoruralcommunitiesandregionalandnationalpolicymakers.Poorland
useandmanagementresultinsoilandwatererosion,depletedsoilfertility,desert-
ification,andsalinization,creatingaspiralingdeclineintheproductivityoftheland
for food and other ecosystem services. Nearly 3.3% of agriculture GDP is lost
annually because of soil and nutrient losses. Soil fertility depletion is one of the
major causes of declining per capita agricultural productivity and the consequent
food insecurity in the region. Much research and extension effort in the past has
beendirectedtopromoting theadoptionofimprovedcropvarietiesandfertilizers
with an objective of generating technologies for the “African Green Revolution.”
However, adoption studies have shown limited uptake of external input-intensive
technologies. In much of West Africa, the use of fertilizers and other purchased
inputs is not sufficiently profitable to stimulate use by farmers in this market
environment. Even where such inputs are profitable, they are often not used by
farmers due to poorly developed markets, high production and market risks, cash
andcreditconstraints,andothersocioeconomicconstraints
In 2016, two IFDC projects funded by USAID, the West Africa Fertilizer
Program (WAFP) and C4CP, organized a West Africa regional workshop in
response to the adoption of the regional fertilizer recommendation actions by
ECOWAS in Lome´ to review the state of the art of fertilizer recommendation in
the region. It brought together over 100 participants from the public sector (tech-
nicians, researchers and academics, etc.), ECOWAS (Agricultural Department),
keyinstitutionsinchargeofsoilfertilityinWestAfrica,donorcommunity(Islamic
Development Bank (IsBD), ECOBANK, World Bank), farmers’ organizations
(ROPPA),andtheprivatesector(fertilizerblenders,distributors,etc.).Theobjec-
tives of the workshop were to capitalize on past and current fertilizer
v
vi Preface
recommendations,validateanextrapolationmethodology,anddeveloparoadmap
forregionalupscalingofupdatedfertilizerrecommendationsinWestAfrica.
Unfortunately,lowproductivityreturnsfromunskilled useoffertilizerpresenta
majorimpedimenttotheiradoptionbymostsmall-scalefarmers,andthisrequiresan
improvementinmineralfertilizeruseefficiency.Pastfertilizerrecommendationwas
based on pan-territorial blanket recommendations. IFDC worked in West Africa in
the past years with our national partners focused on improving the profitability,
sustainability, and efficiency of nutrients through site-specific fertilizer recommen-
dations. Our research activities on fertilizer recommendations were on looking for
meanstoimprovetheagronomicefficiencyoffertilizer(agronomicefficiency(AE)is
definedasaratiodescribingtheincreaseincropyieldperunitofappliednutrients)
within the framework of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM). The role of
ISFMasameanstoincreasetheefficiencyoffertilizernutrientsbygeneratinghigher
yield per unit of fertilizer added will accelerate farmers’ adoption of fertilizers.
Topics discussed in this workshop to increase fertilizer use efficiency include
(1)theusefulnessoforganicsoilamendment,(2)theuseofimprovedcropcultivars,
(3) the urea deep placement for paddy rice, (4) the strategic application of small
quantitiesoffertilizersknownintheWestAfricaregionasthemicrodosetechnology
that has the potential to transform the Sahel from gray to green, (5) balanced crop
nutritionconsistingofapplyingnotonlythemacronutrientsbutalsosecondaryand
micronutrientswhereneeded,and(6)waterharvestingtechnologiestoimprovethe
nutrientuseefficiencyinthedrylands.
The diversity of West African soils and climates limits the extrapolation of
experimentalresultstowidegeographicareas,anditispracticallyimpossibletodo
experimentseverywhere.InWestAfrica,climatechangeiswidelyexpectedtoresult
inmajorchangesincropproductivityandaffectadverselythelivelihoodsofmillions
of people unless appropriate measures are taken. The use of soil and extrapolation
modelscanenhanceourunderstandingofenvironmental(climate,soils,andmanage-
ment)influencesontheproductivityofcropsandinformthekeydecision-makersat
local,national,andregionallevelsinordertoputtheappropriatemeasuresinplace.
Models offer a cheaper means of understanding crop responses to management in
differentenvironments.Weneedtomoveawayfromthe“trial-and-error”approachin
agricultural research for evaluating management practices. We need a system
approach in which (1) experiments are conducted over a range of environments,
(2)aminimumsetofdataiscollectedineachexperiment,(3)croppingsystemmodels
aredevelopedandevaluated,and(4)modelsareusedtosimulateproductiontechnol-
ogiesunder different weather and soil conditions so astoprovide a broad range of
potential solutions for farmers. The use of decision support systems such as the
DecisionSupportSystemforAgrotechnologyTransfer(DSSAT)isgainingmomen-
tumintheregion,anditswiderusewithimprovedITknowledgewillimprovethesite-
specificfertilizerrecommendationsformoreefficientandprofitablefertilizers.
IFDCLome,Togo R.G.Groot
IFDCAccra,Ghana O.Camara
IFDCAccra,Ghana R.Wheeler
IFDCOuagadougou,BurkinaFaso M.Simsik
Scientific Steering Committee
Name Contacts
AndreBationo–Chair [email protected]
FrancoisLompo–Vice-Chair [email protected]
JosephOpokuFenning– kofi[email protected]
Vice-Chair
VictorChude–Member kofi[email protected]
AliouSaidou–Member [email protected]
SamsonAgyin-Birikorang Agyin-Birikorang,Sampson<[email protected]>
SansanYoul–Member [email protected]
NgaradoumDimashe–Member [email protected]
vii
Contents
1 CombiningtheDSSATModelwithExperimentation
toUpdateRecommendationsofFertilizerRates
forRiceandMaizeinBurkinaFaso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
J.Ouedraogo,S.Youl,andA.Mando
2 ParticipatoryEvaluationofProductivity,FertilityManagement,
andDisseminationofIrrigatedExoticVegetablesintheSahel,
WestAfrica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
A.K.Saidou,HideOmae,KimioOsuga,BoukaryAbsatou,
andSatoshiTobita
3 RecommendationofaNewFertilizerRateforRice
intheIrrigatedAreasoftheNigerRiverValley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
SidoAmir,AddamKiariSaidou,IchaouAboubacar,
andSalouMoussa
4 TheInteractiveEffectofResidueQuality,Quantity,SoilTexture
andNManagementonMaizeCropYieldinGhana. . . . . . . . . . . . 49
E.Yeboah,M.K.Abekoe,G.N.N.Dowuona,B.Vanlauwe,S.P.Sohi,
andJ.W.Six
5 EfficientUseofNutrientsandWaterThroughHill-Placed
CombinationofManureandMineralFertilizerinMaize
FarmingSysteminNorthernBenin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
PierreG.Tovihoudji,P.B.Ire´nikatche´ Akponikpe`,
Andre´ Adjogboto,JonasA.Djenontin,EulogeK.Agbossou,
andCharlesL.Bielders
6 DeterminingSoilNutrientCapacitytoUpdateFertilizer
RecommendationsUnderSoilandWaterConservation
TechniquesintheZondomaWatershedofBurkinaFaso. . . . . . . . 91
S.Youl,J.Ouedraogo,S.K.Ezui,R.Zougmore,M.J.Sogbedji,
andA.Mando
ix
x Contents
7 RecommendationsofFertilizerFormulasfortheProduction
oftheEVDT97MaizeVarietyinNorthernBenin. . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
A.M.Igue´,I.Balogoun,A.Saidou,A.C.Oga,G.Ezui,S.Youl,
G.Kpagbin,A.Mando,andJ.M.Sogbedji
8 DecisionSupportSystemforSite-SpecificFertilizer
RecommendationsinCassavaProductioninSouthernTogo. . . . . 125
KodjoviSenamEzui,PeterA.Leffelaar,AngelinusC.Franke,
AbdoulayeMando,andKenE.Giller
9 EffectsofSplitMineralFertilizerApplicationsontheGrowth
andProductivityofThreeTomatoVarieties(Lycopersicon
esculentumMill.)inRainySeasonCropping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
OuangoKoalaandJe´roˆmeBe´lem
10 FertilizerRecommendationforMaizeandCassavaWithin
theBreadbasketZoneofGhana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
F.M.Tetteh,S.A.Ennim,R.N.Issaka,M.Buri,B.A.K.Ahiabor,
andJ.O.Fening
11 CombinedEffectsofOrganicandMineralFertilizers
onSoilProductivityinTomatoProduction:Experiments
onSoilsoftheCoastRoadofYantala-Bas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
IbrahimJamilouSalissou,SaidouAddamKiari,
SabiouMahamane,AmadouAbdourhamaneToure,
andBoubaHassane
12 MaizeResponsetoFertilizeronFerralsolandLuvisol
intheSouthSudanZoneofBurkinaFaso. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 195
IdrissSerme,KorodjoumaOuattara,IsabelleOrokyaTraore,
SouleymaneOuedraogo,SansanYoul,BadioriOuattara,
FrancoisLompo,P.MichelSedogo,andCharlesWortmann
13 FertilizerRecommendationsforMaizeProduction
intheSouthSudanandSudano-GuineanZonesofBenin. . . . . . . . 215
AliouSa¨ıdou,I.Balogoun,E.L.Ahoton,A.M.Igue´,S.Youl,G.Ezui,
andA.Mando
14 SorghumGrainYieldUnderDifferentRatesofMineral
andOrganicFertilizerApplicationintheSouth-Sudan
ZoneofBurkinaFaso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
IdrissSerme,KorodjoumaOuattara,Dieudonne´ Ouattara,
SouleymaneOuedraogo,SansanYoul,andCharlesWortmann
Contents xi
15 PromotingClimate-SmartAgricultureThroughWaterand
NutrientInteractionsOptionsinSemi-aridWestAfrica:
AReviewofEvidenceandEmpiricalAnalysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
RobertZougmore´
16 DecisionSupportToolsforSite-SpecificFertilizer
RecommendationsandAgriculturalPlanning
inSelectedCountriesinSub-SaharaAfrica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
DilysS.MacCarthy,JobKihara,PatriciaMasikati,
andSamuelG.K.Adiku
17 FertilizerDeepPlacementasOneWayofIncreasing
NitrogenUseEfficiencyandGrainYieldinWestAfrican
IrrigatedRiceSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
A.A.Bandaogo,B.Fofana,andS.Youl
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311