Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems PDF
Preview Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems
Andre Bationo · Djimasbé Ngaradoum Sansan Youl · Francois Lompo Joseph Opoku Fening Editors Improving the Profi tability, Sustainability and Effi ciency of Nutrients Through Site Specifi c Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems Volume 1 Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems Andre Bationo • Djimasbe´ Ngaradoum Sansan Youl • Francois Lompo Joseph Opoku Fening Editors Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems Volume 1 Editors AndreBationo Djimasbe´Ngaradoum IFDC CultivatingNewFrontiersinAgriculture Accra,Ghana Conakry,Guinea SansanYoul FrancoisLompo IFDC-Ouaga INERA Ouagadougou11,BurkinaFaso Ouagadougou4,BurkinaFaso JosephOpokuFening SoilResearchInstitute CSIRSoilResearchInstitute Kumasi,Ghana ISBN978-3-319-58788-2 ISBN978-3-319-58789-9 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-58789-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017956905 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. 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Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface ThepopulationinWestAfricahasquadrupledoverthelast50years,andthisrapid growth has had a huge impact on the food demand and natural resources. Food productionpercapitahasdeclinedforthepastseveraldecadesinWestAfrica,the only major region of the developing world where this has occurred. This trend is putting at stake the livelihoods of the poor in the region and poses a daunting challengetoruralcommunitiesandregionalandnationalpolicymakers.Poorland useandmanagementresultinsoilandwatererosion,depletedsoilfertility,desert- ification,andsalinization,creatingaspiralingdeclineintheproductivityoftheland for food and other ecosystem services. Nearly 3.3% of agriculture GDP is lost annually because of soil and nutrient losses. Soil fertility depletion is one of the major causes of declining per capita agricultural productivity and the consequent food insecurity in the region. Much research and extension effort in the past has beendirectedtopromoting theadoptionofimprovedcropvarietiesandfertilizers with an objective of generating technologies for the “African Green Revolution.” However, adoption studies have shown limited uptake of external input-intensive technologies. In much of West Africa, the use of fertilizers and other purchased inputs is not sufficiently profitable to stimulate use by farmers in this market environment. Even where such inputs are profitable, they are often not used by farmers due to poorly developed markets, high production and market risks, cash andcreditconstraints,andothersocioeconomicconstraints In 2016, two IFDC projects funded by USAID, the West Africa Fertilizer Program (WAFP) and C4CP, organized a West Africa regional workshop in response to the adoption of the regional fertilizer recommendation actions by ECOWAS in Lome´ to review the state of the art of fertilizer recommendation in the region. It brought together over 100 participants from the public sector (technicians, researchers and academics, etc.), ECOWAS (Agricultural Depart- ment),keyinstitutionsinchargeofsoilfertilityinWestAfrica,donorcommunity (Islamic Development Bank (IsBD), ECOBANK, World Bank), farmers’ organi- zations(ROPPA),andtheprivatesector(fertilizerblenders,distributors,etc.).The objectives of the workshop were to capitalize on past and current fertilizer v vi Preface recommendations,validateanextrapolationmethodology,anddeveloparoadmap forregionalupscalingofupdatedfertilizerrecommendationsinWestAfrica. Unfortunately,lowproductivityreturnsfromunskilled useoffertilizerpresenta majorimpedimenttotheiradoptionbymostsmall-scalefarmers,andthisrequiresan improvementinmineralfertilizeruseefficiency.Pastfertilizerrecommendationwas based on pan-territorial blanket recommendations. IFDC worked in West Africa in the past years with our national partners focused on improving the profitability, sustainability, and efficiency of nutrients through site-specific fertilizer recommen- dations. Our research activities on fertilizer recommendations were on looking for meanstoimprovetheagronomicefficiencyoffertilizer(agronomicefficiency(AE)is definedasaratiodescribingtheincreaseincropyieldperunitofappliednutrients) within the framework of integrated soil fertility management (ISFM). The role of ISFMasameanstoincreasetheefficiencyoffertilizernutrientsbygeneratinghigher yield per unit of fertilizer added will accelerate farmers’ adoption of fertilizers. Topics discussed in this workshop to increase fertilizer use efficiency include (1)theusefulnessoforganicsoilamendment,(2)theuseofimprovedcropcultivars, (3) the urea deep placement for paddy rice, (4) the strategic application of small quantitiesoffertilizersknownintheWestAfricaregionasthemicrodosetechnology that has the potential to transform the Sahel from gray to green, (5) balanced crop nutritionconsistingofapplyingnotonlythemacronutrientsbutalsosecondaryand micronutrientswhereneeded,and(6)waterharvestingtechnologiestoimprovethe nutrientuseefficiencyinthedrylands. The diversity of West African soils and climates limits the extrapolation of experimentalresultstowidegeographicareas,anditispracticallyimpossibletodo experimentseverywhere.InWestAfrica,climatechangeiswidelyexpectedtoresult inmajorchangesincropproductivityandaffectadverselythelivelihoodsofmillions of people unless appropriate measures are taken. The use of soil and extrapolation modelscanenhanceourunderstandingofenvironmental(climate,soils,andmanage- ment)influencesontheproductivityofcropsandinformthekeydecision-makersat local,national,andregionallevelsinordertoputtheappropriatemeasuresinplace. Models offer a cheaper means of understanding crop responses to management in differentenvironments.Weneedtomoveawayfromthe“trial-and-error”approachin agricultural research for evaluating management practices. We need a system approach in which (1) experiments are conducted over a range of environments, (2)aminimumsetofdataiscollectedineachexperiment,(3)croppingsystemmodels aredevelopedandevaluated,and(4)modelsareusedtosimulateproductiontechnol- ogiesunder different weather and soil conditions so astoprovide a broad range of potential solutions for farmers. The use of decision support systems such as the DecisionSupportSystemforAgrotechnologyTransfer(DSSAT)isgainingmomen- tumintheregion,anditswiderusewithimprovedITknowledgewillimprovethesite- specificfertilizerrecommendationsformoreefficientandprofitablefertilizers. IFDCLome,Togo R.G.Groot IFDCAccra,Ghana O.Camara IFDCAccra,Ghana R.Wheeler IFDCOuagadougou,BurkinaFaso M.Simsik Scientific Steering Committee Name Contacts AndreBationo–Chair [email protected] FrancoisLompo–Vice-Chair [email protected] JosephOpokuFenning– kofi[email protected] Vice-Chair VictorChude–Member kofi[email protected] AliouSaidou–Member [email protected] SamsonAgyin-Birikorang Agyin-Birikorang,Sampson<[email protected]> SansanYoul–Member [email protected] NgaradoumDimashe–Member [email protected] vii Contents 1 SoilOrganicCarbonandProperFertilizerRecommendation. . . . 1 AndreBationoandJ.O.Fening 2 NutrientManagementinLivestockSystemsinWestAfricaSahel withEmphasisonFeedandGrazingManagement. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 AugustineAyantunde,PierreHiernaux,SalvadorFernandez-Rivera, andMamadouSangare 3 ManagingFertilizerRecommendationsinRice-BasedCropping SystemsChallengesandStrategicApproaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 VincentBoubieBado,KoffiDjaman,andMelCesseVale`re 4 SoilOrganicCarbonandNitrogeninAgroforestrySystems inSub-SaharanAfrica:AReview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 J.Bayala,A.Kalinganire,G.W.Sileshi,andJ.E.Tondoh 5 EffectofHillPlacementofNutrientsonMilletProductivity andCharacteristicsofSahelianSoilsofNiger:Analysis ofYieldTrendAfterThreeYearsofCropping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 DougbedjiFatondji,RamadjitaTabo,TomC.Hash,and AndreBationo 6 DiagnosticofMineralDeficienciesandInteractions inUplandRiceCroppingAcrossDifferentAgroecologies ofWestAfrica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 BrahimaKone´,KouadioFirminKonan,and N’ganzouaRene´ Kouame´ 7 AssessmentofSoilFertilityStatusandIntegratedSoilFertility ManagementinGhana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 AndreBationo,JosephOpokuFening,andA.Kwaw ix x Contents 8 ResponseofRice,MaizeandMillettoFertilizersinMali. . . . . . . . 139 MohamedK.Dicko,LamineTraore´,ZoumanaKouyate´, MamaKone´,BabaSidibe´,NianankoroKamissoko, S.CharlesWortmann,LassanaDioni,andCheickHamallaDiakite´ 9 RoleofLocalAgro-mineralsinMineralFertilizer RecommandationsforCrops:ExamplesofSome WestAfricaPhosphateRocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Franc¸oisLompo,AndreBationo,MichelP.Sedogo, VincentB.Bado,VictorHien,andBadioriOuattara 10 FertilizerRecommendationsforMaizeandRiceBasedon ParticipatoryNutrientOmissionTrials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 AdonkoF.Tamelokpo 11 TakingStockofFertilizationintheCultivationofMaize, Millet/Sorghum,Cowpea,RiceandCottoninMali. . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 M.Kone´,H.Konare´,M.Dicko,andF.Sissoko 12 FertilizerRecommendationforMaize,Sorghum,Millet, Cowpea,SoybeanandCottoninNigeria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 I.Y.Amapu,V.O.Chude,andB.D.Tarfa 13 ImprovingAgronomicEfficiencyofMineralFertilizers throughMicrodoseonSorghumintheSub-aridZone ofBurkinaFaso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 B.Ouattara,B.B.Somda,I.Serme´,A.Traore´,D.Peak,F.Lompo, S.J.B.Taonda,MichelP.Sedogo,andAndreBationo 14 Socio-economicDeterminantsandTrendsonFertilizer UseinWestAfrica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 AmateviRaoulKlutse,AndreBationo,andAbdoulayeMando 15 EconomicEfficiencyofSorghumMicrofertilizingin SmallholderFarmsintheNorth-SudanianZone ofBurkinaFaso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 A.Traore´,B.Ouattara,H.Sigue´,F.Lompo,andAndreBationo 16 ImprovingFertilizerRecommendationsforCocoa inGhanaBasedonInherentSoilFertilityCharacteristics. . . . . . . 287 E.L.Dossa,A.Arthur,W.Dogbe,A.Mando,D.Snoeck,A.A.Afrifa, andS.Acquaye 17 AReviewofStudyonFertilizerResponsebytheOilPalm (Elaeisguineensis)inNigeria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 P.O.Oviasogie,C.E.Ikuenobe,M.M.Ugbah,A.Imogie,F.Ekhator, E.Oko-Oboh,andA.Edokpayi Contents xi 18 AnAssessmentofInherentChemicalPropertiesofSoilsfor BalancedFertilizerRecommendationsforCocoainGhana. . . . . . 325 E.L.Dossa,A.Arthur,W.Dogbe,A.Mando,A.A.Afrifa,and S.Acquaye Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
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