Improvement of Forest Resources for Recyclable Forest Products PDF
Preview Improvement of Forest Resources for Recyclable Forest Products
Springer Japan KK T. Ona (Ed.) Improvement of Fo rest Resources for Recyclable Forest Products With 118 Figures Springer Toshihiro Ona, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department ofForest and Forest Products Sciences Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan ISBN 978-4-431-67968-4 Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Improvement offorest resources for recyc\able forest products / T. Ona (ed.). p.cm. ISBN 978-4-431-67968-4 ISBN 978-4-431-53963-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-53963-6 1. Forests and forestry--Congresses. 2. Forest management--Congresses. 3. Wood waste--Recyc\ing--Congresses. 1. Ona, T. (Toshihiro), 1963- SD 118.1442004 634.9--dc22 Printed on acid-free paper 2004045231 © Springer Japan 2004 Origina11y published by Springer-Verlag Tokyo in 2004 This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or pari of the material is con cemed, specifically the rights oftranslation, reprinting, reuse ofillustrations, recitation, broadcasting, repro duction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. The use ofregistered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence ofa specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and there fore free for general use. springeronline.com Typesetting: Camera-ready by the editor and authors SPIN: 10963845 Foreword It is an honor and pleasure for me to write the foreword ofthis book comprising the proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on the Improvement of Forest Resources for Recyclable Forest Products. The symposium was organized by Dr. Toshihiro Ona, Associate Professor at the Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan, as part ofthe "Development ofForest Resources with High Performance for Paper Recycling" research project. This was supported by the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) team atthe Japan Science and Technology Agency Foundation (lST) and by Kyushu University. As a colleague ofDr.Ona, I commend his efforts in organizing the symposium and editing thisbook. Inthe forest, there is a multitude ofresources, including trees, herbal plants, fruits, fungi, mammals,birds,insects,fishes,reptiles,water,landscapes, andtourist attractions. Nowadays, even the environment is regarded as a kind of forest resource. These resources can provide a diversity offorest products, such as timber for buildings, pulp and paper, charcoal, herbal medicines, wild vegetables, animal protein, edible mushrooms, and nonwoody fibers. From these resources, major forest products are produced using various species oftrees. For example, softwood is suitable as building material, while hardwood is suitable for furniture production; pulp and paper are produced from both softwood and hardwood. Therefore, forest locations and forest management methods should vary according to the tree species used for production of different forestproducts. According to GlobalForestResources Assessment 2000,the total forest area inthe world was estimated tobe 3.9billion ha,or0.6 hapercapita, ofwhich 95%wasnatural forest and 5% forest plantations. In 2000, the worldwide forest growing stock was estimated to be 386 billion m', and the aboveground woody biomass to be422 billion tons. These figures indicate the importance of forests in terms of quantity of wood supply and absorption ofcarbon dioxide. Therefore, we must at least maintain, if not increase, the world's forest area and carbon dioxide storage in growing stock. At the same time, worldwide consumption of wood has gradually been increasing as wood consumptionpercapita increases with economic expansion and population growth.The Food and Agriculture Organization ofthe United Nations (FAO) predicted that wood consumption will increase by 15% in the next 10 years, mainly as a result of the anticipated economic development of China and population growth in developing countries in Asia and Africa. In such circumstances, we must develop science and technology thatwill make possible the sustainable utilization offorest products without reducing theforestareaandgrowing storage. The extension ofproduct lifeandtheexpansion ofproduct recycling play important roles inthesustainable utilization offorest products. Withregard to forest conservation andthe increase incarbon dioxide fixation, therepeated useoffiber inrecycling isvery important in the pulp and paper industry, while extending the lives of buildings and furniture areofgreat significance intheuseofsolidtimber. Withinthisbook, the reader will find valuable topics ofdiscussion aimed at finding and developing improved forest resources to better allow the recycling of pulp and paper fiber.Asseen inthe tableofcontents,the viewpoints taken inthediscussions are v VI broad and diverse, ranging from forest managementto what isnowreferred to inJapan as ecomaterial science, which is concerned with the maximization ofnative characters and functions of materials simultaneously minimizing its disturbance impacts on the environmentandthesocietyconsidered fromresources utilization towaste management. However, the contributors are consistent with regard to sustainable forest resource utilization and greater awareness ofthe environment. This book, which captures the content as well as the spirit ofthe symposium, will be valuable to all those who are concernedwiththe bestuseoftheworld'sforestresources. Kokki Sakai Professor Graduate School ofBioresource and BioenvironmentalSciences Kyushu University August 2003 Table ofContents Foreword v Chapter 1 TreeSelection OverviewoftheProject "DevelopmentofForestResources with High 3 PerformanceforPaper Recycling" ToshihiroDna Near Infrared Spectroscopy:AToolfortheRapid Estimation ofWood 8 Properties LaurenceSchimleck, Robert Evans,DavidJones,RichardDaniels, Gary PeterandChristianMora ForestDiversity and PulpQuality:SomeToolsforWoodenRaw Material 18 StrategiesforthePulp and Paper Industry Denilson daSilvaPerez,GuillaumeChantreandAndreThemelin FeasibilityStudyofTreeSelectionforHighPulpYield, Brightnessand 24 RecyclableChemithermomechanicalPaper Production UsingEucalyptus globulus ToshihiroDna,MariTateishi, HideoNozaki,Teruyuki Seino, Seung-LakYoon,ShinichilsajiandYasuoKojima Toward theConstruction ofan Efficient Link Between Forest Recycling 29 and Paper Recycling UsingTreeswithHighPerformancefor Paper Recycling ToshihiroDna,Jyunsuke Kawana,YokoKibatani,YukikoIshikura, YasuoKojima andTakayukiOkayama Chapter2 Pulp and Paper Recycling Chemical Aspects ofPhoto-YellowingofHigh-Yield Pulps 35 Goran Gellerstedt andLimingZhang ProductionofHigh BrightnessCTMP fromEucalyptus globulusand 40 Their Light-Induced Color Reversion YasuoKojima, ShinichilsajiandToshihiroDna VII Vlll CharacterizationofPhoto-YellowingTrigger CompoundsRepressing 47 Paper RecyclabilityofEucalyptusglobulus byPyrolysis-GC/MS TeruyukiSeino,Aki Yoshioka,Mitsuo Takai, YasuoKojima, YukikoIshikura, ToshihiroOna, YasuyukiIshida,Hajime Ohtani andShin Tsuge Fiber Propertiesand PapermakingPotential ofRecycled Acacia Pulp 52 TakayukiOkayama, YokoKibatani, Kohei Nakayama, YasuoKojima andToshihiroOna The Impact ofChemical CompositionofPulp FiberCellWallon Paper 60 Recycling Potential ofFibers Nguyen T L.Lien.Heikki Kolehmainen, EeroHiltunen andMousa M Nazhad LimitationofFiber Fractionation-RefiningProcess toImprove Paper 63 oce Strength Using Recycled Pulp Mousa M Nazhad Refining TreatmentCould Contributeto Restoring the Strength Properties 66 ofOCC Pulp Mousa M Nazhad Chapter 3 Anatomical Aspects Formation and Structure ofReaction WoodFibers Forming NoG-Layerin 71 Some Hardwood Species Nobuo Yoshizawa,Futoshi Ishiguri, Shinso YokotaandToshihiroOna Radial VariationofCellMorphologyinThree Acacia Species 74 Futoshi Ishiguri, Shinso Yokota,Nobuo YoshizawaandToshihiroOna Within-Tree VariationofDetailed Fiber Morphologyand ItsPosition 77 RepresentingtheWhole-Tree ValueinEucalyptuscamaldulensisandE. globulus JyunichiOhshima, Shinso Yokota, Nobuo Yoshizawa andToshihiroOna Within-Tree VariationofVesselMorphologyand Frequency and 83 Representative Heights forEstimatingtheWhole-Tree Valuesin EucalyptuscamaldulensisandE.globulus JyunichiOhshima,Kodai Adachi, Shinso Yokota, Nobuo Yoshizawa andToshihiroOna IX RepresentativeHeightsAssessingWhole-TreeValuesandtheWithin-Tree 89 VariationsofDerivedWoodProperties inEucalyptuscamaldulensisand E.globulus JyunichiOhshima,Shinso Yokota,Nobuo Yoshizawa andToshihiroOna RapidAssessmentofVesselMorphologybyPyrolysis-Gas 95 Chromatography Mari Tateishi,Teruyuki Seino, Kokki Sakai, ToshihiroOna, JyunichiOhshima, KodaiAdachi, Shinso Yokota andNobuo Yoshizawa AssessmentofVesselAnatomical Features inEucalyptus camaldulensis 100 byPyrolysis-GasChromatography HironoriHaisaki, Mari Tateishi, TeruyukiSeino, Kokki Sakai, ToshihiroOna,JyunichiOhshima,Kodai Adachi,Shinso Yokota andNobuo Yoshizawa Chapter 4 Chemical Aspects Rapid CharacterizationofTotalFattyAcids inWoodbyReactive Thermal 107 Desorption-GasChromatographywithTetrabutylammoniumHydroxide Miho Mizumoto, TeruyukiSeino, Kokki Sakai, ToshihiroOna, YasuyukiIshida andHajime Ohtani EffectofDeuterium Exchange inLignin on ItsStructuralAnalysis Using III FT-Raman Spectroscopy ShuichiMurakami, ToshihiroOna, Kaori Saito andKazuhiko Fukushima DirectAnalysis ofCondensedTannins inBarkbyMatrix-Assisted Laser 117 Desorption/lonizationMass SpectrometryCombinedwith Solid Sample Preparation YasuyukiIshida. Kuniyoshi Goto, HajimeOhtaniandTetsuyaSonoda Tanninand Related PolyphenolicComponentsfromTropical Tree Spcies 121 Seiji Ohara, Koh Hashida,Rei Makino andSulaeman Yusuf CharacterizationofNatural ResinShellac by Reactive Pyrolysis-Gas 124 Chromatography Lili Wang, Yasuyuki,Ishida, HajimeOhtani, Shin Tsuge andToshihiroNakayama x Conversion PatternofLignocellulosics inthePhase-Separation System 129 Keigo MikameandMasamitsu Funaoka Chapter 5 PhysicalAspects An Essay onthe FineStructureoftheWoodCellWallRelated tothe 139 PhysicalPropertiesoftheRecycledPaper Hiroyuki Yamamoto,YoichiKojima,TakashiOkuyama,ToshihiroOna andTakayukiOkayama WoodQualitiesofSomeTropical Plantation Species -Does Hastening the 144 Growth Debase theQuality? TakashiOkuyama,HiroyukiYamamoto,Imam Wahyudi andYusufSudoHadi Research on Efficient UseofForest Products -EngineeringEvaluationof 148 Good Tactile WarmthforWood YoshihiroObata,Kazutoshi Takeuchi,HideakiSugino andKozoKanayama Chapter 6 Biochemical Aspects Possible Effects ofPropertiesinPolyphenolOxidaseson RootingAbility 161 ofEucalyptuscamaldulensisCuttingShoots Shinso Yokota,KoheiNakayama.AkikoSagawa, Fumiko Urabe, Toshihiro Ona, TakayukiAsadaandNobuoYoshizawa Stable IsotopeTracer ExperimentsGive Strong Evidence Supportinga 163 Controversial Pathway inLignin Biosynthesis Kazuhiko Fukushima CharacterizationofPotassium ChannelsfromArabidopsisthaliana 167 Tatsuki Ibuki,YukikoTokida,NobuyukiMatsuda,Katrin Czempinski, BerndMuller-Roeber, ToshihiroOnaandNobuyukiUozumi ANew CombinationDevice ComprisedofSurface Plasmon Resonance 170 and FluorescenceMicroscopy foraRapid ScreeningofAnticancer Phenolic Compounds AtsushiKosaihira, TakashiFukumori, KokkiSakaiandToshihiroOna XI The FeasibilityofaBiotestBattery ApplicabilitytoConstructan Early 173 WarningSystem for Leachate from Solid Wastesand Recycled Materials Shino Mohri,RyoShoji andMasato Yamada ListofAuthors 177 SubjectIndex 181
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