Importation of Apples from New Zealand

195 Pages·2004·1.32 MB·English

Importation of Apples from New
Zealand

Revised Draft IRA Report
Part B

February 2004

FOREWORD

© Commonwealth of Australia 2004

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD...................................................................................................................I
TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................III
APPENDIX 1 PATHOGEN CATEGORISATION.....................................................1
Appendix 1a. Pathogen categorisation – main table..................................1
Appendix 1b. Pathogen categorisation - pest issues of regional importance
........................................................................................................................................................23
APPENDIX 2 ARTHROPOD CATEGORISATION................................................33
APPENDIX 3 PEST DATA SHEETS.......................................................................83
Pathogens.............................................................................................................83
Arthropods...........................................................................................................111
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................155
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APPENDIX 1 PATHOGEN CATEGORISATION
APPENDIX 1A. PATHOGEN CATEGORISATION – MAIN TABLE
Scientific name Common Reference for Presence in Australia Potential for being on pathway Potential for Potential for Consider
name/s presence in New establishment consequences species
Zealand Reference Comments if applicable or spread Comments if further?
applicable
Bacteria
Erwinia amylovora (Burrill 1882) Winslow Fire blight (MAFNZ, 2000b); No Likely Feasible Significant Yes
et al. (1920) (MAFNZ, 2002b) E. amylovora was Fire blight is endemic in New Zealand. (Bonn, 1999);
(Syn. Micrococcus amylovorus (Burrill detected in the Fruit sourced from infected orchards have (Vanneste,
1882); Bacillus amylovorus (Burrill 1882) Melbourne Royal the potential to carry epiphytic bacteria 2000)
Trevisan 1889; Bacterium amylovorus Botanical Garden in (Hale et al., 1987) but endophytic
(sic) (Burrill 1882) Chester (1897)) 1996; and its eradication infections are rare (van der Zwet, 1990).
[Enterobacteriaceae: Enterobacteriales] was confirmed by a
survey in 1997 (Jock et
al., 2000)
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Bacterial canker; (MAFNZ, 2000b); Yes - - - No
Hall (1902) blast; blister spot (MAFNZ, 2002b) (Shivas, 1989);
[Pseudomonadaceae: (Washington and
Pseudomonadales] Nancarrow, 1983);
(Cook and Dubé, 1989);
(Letham, 1995);
(NCOF, 2000)
Rhizobium radiobacter (Beijerinck & van Crown gall (MAFNZ, 1999a) Yes - - - No
Delden 1902) Young et al. (2001) (Shivas, 1989);
(Basionym Agrobacterium radiobacter (Washington and
(Beijerinck & van Delden (1902) Conn Nancarrow, 1983);
(1942)) (Cook and Dubé, 1989);
(Syn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens (E.F. (Letham, 1995);
Smith & Townsend) Conn (1907) as in (Simmonds, 1966);
list (MAFNZ, 1999a)) (Sampson and Walker,
[Rhizobiaceae: Rhizobiales] 1982); (APPD, 2003)

Yes* indicates that this species is present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled or where regional freedoms exist within
Australia.
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REVISED DRAFT IRA REPORT: APPLES FROM NEW ZEALAND APPENDIX 1: PEST CATEGORISATION
Scientific name Common Reference for Presence in Australia Potential for being on pathway Potential for Potential for Consider
name/s presence in New establishment consequences species
Zealand Reference Comments if applicable or spread Comments if further?
applicable
Fungi
Alternaria alternata (Fr.: Fr.) Keissl. Alternaria brown (MAFNZ, 2000b); Yes - - - No
(1912) spot; black rot (MAFNZ, 2002b) (Shivas, 1989);
(Basionym Torula alternata Fr. (1832)) (Pitkethley, 1998);
(Syn. Alternaria tenuis Nees (1822), (Washington and
Alternaria mali Roberts (1924); Alternaria Nancarrow, 1983);
fasciculata (Cooke & Ellis) L.R. Jones & (Cook and Dubé, 1989);
Grout (1897)) (Letham, 1995);
(Sampson and Walker,
[Anamorphic Lewia] 1982); (APPD, 2003)
Antrodia serialis (Fr.: Fr.) Donk (1966) None (MAFNZ, 1999a) Yes - - - No
(Basionym Polyporus serialis Fr. (1821)) (APPD, 2003)
(Syn. Boletus serialis (Fr.) Spreng.
(1827); Trametes serialis (Fr.) Fr. (1874);
Coriolellus serialis (Fr.) Murrill (1907))
[Polyporales: Meripilaceae]
Armillaria (Fr.) Staude (1857) sp. Armillaria root rot (MAFNZ, 1999a) Uncertain Not likely - - No
[Agaricales: Marasmiaceae] (APPD, 2003) It is a root pathogen (MAFNZ, 2002b)
Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C. C. Tu & Kimbr. Southern blight (MAFNZ, 1999a) Yes - - - No
(1978) (Shivas, 1989);
(Basionym Corticium rolfsii Curzi (1931)) (Pitkethley, 1998);
(Syn. Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. (1911)) (Washington and
[Polyporales: Atheliaceae] Nancarrow, 1983);
(Letham, 1995);
(Simmonds, 1966); as
Sclerotium rolfsii (APPD,
2003)
Auriculariopsis ampla (Lév.) Maire (1902) None (MAFNZ, 1999a) Yes - - - No
(Basionym Cyphella ampla Lév. (1848)) (Cook and Dubé, 1989)
(Syn. Chaetocypha ampla (Lév.) Kuntze
(1891); Schizophyllum amplum (Lév.)
Nakasone (1996))
[Agaricales: Schizophyllaceae]
Yes* indicates that this species is present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled or where regional freedoms exist within
Australia.
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Scientific name Common Reference for Presence in Australia Potential for being on pathway Potential for Potential for Consider
name/s presence in New establishment consequences species
Zealand Reference Comments if applicable or spread Comments if further?
applicable
Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not. (1863) Fruit rot (MAFNZ, 2000b); Uncertain Likely Feasible Not significant. No
sp. (MAFNZ, 2002b) (APPD, 2003) It causes primary fruit rot (MAFNZ, 2002b) There are
[Dothideales: Botryosphaeriaceae] several species
belonging to this
genus already in
Australia (APPD,
2003) but no
reports of
economic
damage in the
literature.
Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.: Fr.) Ripe spot; white (MAFNZ, 2000b); Yes - - - No
Ces. & De Not. (1863) rot (MAFNZ, 2002b) (Letham, 1995);
(Basionym Sphaeria dothidea Moug. (APPD, 2003)
(1823))
(Syn. Dothiorella mali var. fructans
Dearn. (1941))
[Dothideales: Botryosphaeriaceae]
Botryosphaeria lutea A. J. L. Phillips Fusicoccum rot; (MAFNZ, 2000b); Yes* See appendix 1B - - No
(2002) ripe spot (MAFNZ, 2002b) (Denman et al., 2003)
(Anamorph Fusicoccum luteum
Pennycook & Samuels (1985) as in list
(MAFNZ, 1999a))
[Dothideales: Botryosphaeriaceae]
Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schwein.) Black rot (MAFNZ, 2000b); Yes - - - No
Shoemaker (1964) (MAFNZ, 2002b) (Shivas, 1989);
(Basionym Sphaeria obtusa Schwein. (Cook and Dubé, 1989);
(1832)) (Letham, 1995);
(Syn. Physalospora obtusa (Schwein.) (Sampson and Walker,
Cooke (1892)) 1982); (APPD, 2003)
[Dothideales: Botryosphaeriaceae]
Botryosphaeria parva Pennycook & Fruit rot; ripe spot (MAFNZ, 2000b); Yes* See appendix 1B - - No
Samuels (1985) (MAFNZ, 2002b) (NCOF, 2000);
(Anamorph: Fusicoccum parvum (APPD, 2003)
Pennycook & Samuels (1985))
[Dothideales: Botryosphaeriaceae]
Yes* indicates that this species is present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled or where regional freedoms exist within
Australia.
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REVISED DRAFT IRA REPORT: APPLES FROM NEW ZEALAND APPENDIX 1: PEST CATEGORISATION
Scientific name Common Reference for Presence in Australia Potential for being on pathway Potential for Potential for Consider
name/s presence in New establishment consequences species
Zealand Reference Comments if applicable or spread Comments if further?
applicable
Botryosphaeria ribis Grossenb. & Duggar Stem canker; (CABI, 1999) Yes - - - No
(1911) limb canker (Shivas, 1989);
(Syn. Botryosphaeria berengeriana De (Washington and
Not. (1863); Dothiorella ribis (Fuckel) Nancarrow, 1983);
Sacc. (1884)) (Letham, 1995);
[Dothideales: Botryosphaeriaceae] (Simmonds, 1966);
(APPD, 2003)
Botryosphaeria stevensii Shoemaker Black rot; (MAFNZ, 2000b); Yes - - - No
(1964) diplodia canker (MAFNZ, 2002b) (Shivas, 1989);
[Dothideales: Botryosphaeriaceae] (Washington and
Nancarrow, 1983);
(APPD, 2003)
Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel Dry eye rot; (MAFNZ, 2000b); Yes - - - No
(1945) ghost spot; grey (MAFNZ, 2002b) (Shivas, 1989;
(Basionym Peziza fuckeliana de Bary mould Pitkethley, 1998);
(18??)) (Washington and
(Syn. Sclerotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Nancarrow, 1983);
Fuckel (1870); Botrytis fuckeliana N. F. (Letham, 1995);
Buchw. (1949)) (Cook and Dubé, 1989);
[Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae] (Simmonds, 1966);
(Sampson and Walker,
1982); (APPD, 2003)
Calonectria kyotensis Terash. (1968) Root rot (MAFNZ, 1999a) Yes - - - No
(Syn. Cylindrocladium floridanum Sobers (APPD, 2003)
& C. P. Seym. (1967); Calonectria
uniseptata Gerlach (1968))
[Hypocreales: Nectriaceae]
Calosphaeria Tul. & C. Tul. (1863) sp. None (MAFNZ, 1999a) Uncertain Not likely - - No
[Calosphaeriales: Calosphaeriaceae] (APPD, 2003) It occurs on bark (MAFNZ, 2002b)
Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.: Fr.) Silver leaf (MAFNZ, 1999a) Yes - - No
Pouzar (1959) (Washington and
(Basionym Stereum purpureum Pers. Nancarrow, 1983);
(1794)) (Cook and Dubé, 1989);
(Syn. Thelephora purpurea (Pers.) Pers. (Letham, 1995);
(1801)) (APPD, 2003)
[Polyporales: Meruliaceae]
Yes* indicates that this species is present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled or where regional freedoms exist within
Australia.
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