Importance of Artemia to aquaculture - PhD Curriculum PDF
Preview Importance of Artemia to aquaculture - PhD Curriculum
Promotors: Prof. Dr. ir. Peter Bossier Department of Animal Production Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center Ghent University Prof. Dr. Patrick Sorgeloos Department of Animal Production Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center Ghent University Dean: Prof. Dr. ir. Herman Van Langenhove Rector: Prof. Dr. Paul Van Cauwenberge Siyavash Soltanian Protection of gnotobiotic Artemia against Vibrio campbellii using baker’s yeast strains and extracts Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Applied Biological Sciences (Aquaculture) Dutch translation of the title: “Bescherming van gnotobiotische Artemia tegen Vibrio campbellii door bakkersgiststammen en –extracten” Cover picture: Epifluoresence microphotographs of Artemia loaded with fluorescent bacteria To cite this work: Soltanian, S. (2007) Protection of gnotobiotic Artemia against Vibrio campbellii using baker’s yeast strains and extracts. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium. The author and the promoters give the authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. ISBN 978-90-5989-183-8 This study was funded by the Ministry of Science, Research & Technology of the Islamic Republic of Iran. TABLE OF CONTENT List of Abbreviations and units ......................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ ix List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ xi Chapter I General Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Importance of aquaculture ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 Diseases control in aquaculture............................................................................... 4 1.3 Artemia .................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Research objectives and thesis outline ................................................................. 11 Chapter II β-glucans as immunostimulant in vertebrates and invertebrates .......................... 21 Chapter III Influence of different yeast cell-wall mutants on performance and protection against pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio campbellii) in gnotobiotically-grown Artemia .................................................................................................................. 83 Chapter IV Anti-infectious potential of beta-mercaptoethanol treated baker’s yeast in gnotobiotic Artemia challenge test ...................................................................... 109 Chapter V The protective effect against Vibrio campbellii in Artemia nauplii by pure β- glucan and isogenic yeast cells differing in β-glucan and chitin content operated with a source- dependent time lag ........................................................ 127 Chapter VI Enhanced disease resistance in Artemia by application of commercial β- glucans sources and chitin in a gnotobiotic Artemia challenge test .................... 155 Chapter VII General discussion and future research ............................................................... 177 Summary/Samenvatting ............................................................................................................. 187 Curriculum Vitae ........................................................................................................................ 195 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 199 i ii List of abbreviations and units °C Degree Celsius % Percentage µEm-2s Micro Einstein per second and square meter μg Microgram μm Micrometre μl Microlitre λ Wavelength γ Gamma × g Relative centrifugal force or G force ± Approximately / Per kDa KiloDalton AFDW Ash free dry weight AML1 Acute Myeloid Leukemia 1 AMPs Antimicrobial peptides ANOVA Analysis of variance APC Antigen presenting cells apoE apolipoprotein E apoLp-III Apolipophorin III ARC Artemia Reference Center βGRP β-glucan recognition proteins bp base pair BRM Biological response modifiers BSE Bovine spongiform encephalopathy C3 Complement type 3 CARD Caspase-recruitment domain cDNA Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid chs3 Mutant with a deleted gene involved in chitin biosynthesis (capital letters indicate the gene involved) CLEC7A C-type lectin domain family 7, member A cm Centimetre CR3 Complement receptor type 3 CRD Carbohydrate recognition domain CTL C-type lectin DC Dendritic cell iii DC-SIGN A novel DC-specific C-type lectin, which is abundantly expressed by dendritic cells both in vitro and in vivo, mediates transient adhesion with T cells. Dif factor A sequence-specific transcription factor and is probably a key activator of the immune response in Drosophila Dorsal factor Dorsal is the focal protein activating and repressing zygotic genes responsible for differentiation along the dorsoventral axis during the early stages of flies development DP Degree of polymerization DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid dSRCI Drosophila scavenger receptor dTAK1 Drosophila transforming growth factor activated kinase 1 gene DW Dry weight EU European Union EUROSCARF European Saccharomyces cerevisiae Archive for Functional Analysis, Germany exp Exponential growth phase Exp … Experiment number … FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations FASW Filtered and autoclaved seawater fks1 Mutant with a deleted gene involved in β-1,3 glucan biosynthesis (capital letters indicate the gene involved) FT Falcon tube g Gram GART Gnotobiotic Artemia test gas1 Mutant with a deleted gene involved in lycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) protein (capital letters indicate the gene involved) GATA-1 A key regulator of erythroid-cell differentiation and survival in mammals GM-CSF Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor GNBPs Gram-negative binding proteins GBP Glucan binding protein GPI Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Gcm Glial cell missing gene GCs Granular cells GRAS Generally regarded as safe h Hour HC Hyaline cell hDectin-1 Human Dectin-1 Hd Holotrichia diomphalia HDL High density lipoproteins HPAEC High performance anionic exchange chromatography hpt hematopoietic tissue iv HSP Heat shock proteins iC3b inactive form of C3b ICAM Intercellular adhesion molecule IFN-γ Interferon-gamma I -B Inhibitor kappa B IKK Inhibitor of kappa B protein−kinase IL Individual length IL-1 Interleukin 1 IL-6 Interleukin 6 IL-12 Interleukin 12 Imd/relish A second immune signalling pathway in Drosophila immunity involved in defence against Gram-negative bacteria IRAK IL-1 receptor associated kinases ITAM Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif ITIM Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif JAK/STAT An immune pathway in Drosophila kg Kilogram knr4 Mutant with a deleted gene involved in β-1,3 glucan biosynthesis (capital letters indicate the gene involved) kre6 Mutant with a deleted gene involved in β-1,6 glucan biosynthesis (capital letters indicate the gene involved) l litre LacCer Lactosylceramide LDL Low density lipoproteines LMG Laboratory of Microbiology of the Ghent University (Culture Collection) LPS Lipopolysaccharide LVS… Strain … isolated by Laurent Verschuere Lyn kinase A protein which plays a key role in the growth and apoptotic regulation of hematopoietic cells in mamals lz lozenge gene M Molar MA Marine agar 2216 MAPKKK Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase Mac-1 Membrane associated component 1 med Medium 2ME 2-mercapto-ethanol mg Milligram Microarray A method for profiling gene and protein expression in cells and tissues min Minute v MIP Macrophage inflammatory protein ml Millilitre mm Millimetre mnn… Mutants with deleted genes involved in the extension of mannose in cell wall proteins (capital letters indicate the gene involved) (see details in Chapter III) MPO Myeloperoxidase MTT -3-(4,5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide MW Molecular weigth MyD88 Myeloid differentiation factor 88 n Number of replicates NADP Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NF-κB Nuclear factor-kappa B NK cells Natural killer cells NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance OD Optical density OD… Optical density at … nm ORF Open reading frame p Statistical p-value obtained PA Phenoloxidase activating enzyme PAMP Pathogen associated molecular patterns PBMC Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells PGE Prostaglandin E2 2 PGN Peptidoglycan PGRPs Peptidoglycan recognition proteins PGRP-LC Drosophila peptidoglycan recognition protein LC pH Measure of the acidity of a solution PlRunt A gene encoding a Runt protein ppt Part per thousand PO Phenoloxidase PPO Prophenol oxidase proPO prophenoloxidase PRRs Pattern recognition receptors PVF2/PVR An immune pathway in Drosophila Ras/Raf An immune pathway in Drosophila Rel/NF-kB A collection of proteins, conserved from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to humans, involved in the control of a large number of normal cellular and organismal processes, such as immune and inflammatory responses, developmental processes, cellular growth, and apoptosis RNA Ribonucleic acid vi
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