Imperialism and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Economic and Business History of Sudan PDF
Preview Imperialism and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Economic and Business History of Sudan
PALGRAVE STUDIES IN ECONOMIC HISTORY Imperialism and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa An Economic and Business History of Sudan Simon Mollan Palgrave Studies in Economic History Series Editor Kent Deng London School of Economics London, UK Palgrave Studies in Economic History is designed to illuminate and enrich our understanding of economies and economic phenomena of the past. The series covers a vast range of topics including financial history, labour history, development economics, commercialisation, urbanisa- tion, industrialisation, modernisation, globalisation, and changes in world economic orders. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14632 Simon Mollan Imperialism and Economic Development in Sub- Saharan Africa An Economic and Business History of Sudan Simon Mollan University of York York, UK ISSN 2662-6497 ISSN 2662-6500 (electronic) Palgrave Studies in Economic History ISBN 978-3-030-27635-5 ISBN 978-3-030-27636-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27636-2 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and trans- mission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Zoonar GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland This book is dedicated to the memory of Annette René Mollan, and John and Sheila Wade. Summary of Book This book examines the economic and business history of Sudan, placing Sudan into the wider context of the impact of imperialism on economic development in sub-Saharan Africa. From the 1870s onwards British interest(s) in Sudan began to intensify, a consequence of the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the overseas expansion of British business activities associated with the Scramble for Africa and the renewal of imperial impulses in the second half of the nineteenth century. Mollan shows the gradual economic embrace of imperialism in the years before 1899, the impact of imperialism on the economic development of colo- nial Sudan to 1956 and then the post-colonial economic legacy of impe- rialism into the 1970s. This text highlights how state-centred economic activity was devel- oped in cooperation with British international business. Founded on an economic model that was debt driven, capital intensive, and cash-crop oriented, the colonial economy of Sudan was centred on cotton growing. This model locked Sudan into a particular developmental path that, in turn, contributed to the nature and timing of decolonization, and the consequent structures of dependency in the post-colonial era. vii Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following people for helping shape my aca- demic understanding of history, business and economy, and for collegial support and friendship. Thanks to Erik Benson, Alex Bentley, Mark Billings, Emily Buchnea, Anna Clarkson, Stephanie Decker, Rodrigo Dominguez, Gabie Durepos, Roy Edwards, Chris Elias, Jari Eloranta, Neil Forbes, Ralf Futselaar, Bill Foster, Billy Frank, Juan Gallindo, Rick Garside, Beverly Geesin, Dan Giedeman, Vincent Geloso, Chris Hall, Jean Helms-Mills, Jan-Otmar Hesse, Jane Hogan, Dave Kelsey, Joe Lane, Mitch Larson, Olly Lendrum, Cherry Leonardi, Alan McKinlay, Craig McMahon, Garance Marechal, David Meredith, Ranald Michie, Rory Miller, Albert Mills, Peter Miskell, Matthew Mitchell, John Moore, Tony Moore, Don Morrison, Erin O’Brien, Andrew Popp, Michael Prestwich, Chris Prior, Richard Reid, Kristine Saevold, John Singleton, Andrew Smith, David Smith, Jack Southern, Jason Taylor, Tom Tomlinson, Olli Turunen, Nicky Tynan, Chris Vaughan, Phillip Williamson, Nick White, Justin Willis, John Wilson, Nick Wong, and Bob Wright. A special thanks to my colleagues at the University of York, both past and present: Kiev Ariza Garcia, Neveen Abdelrehim, Sue Bowden, Tim Chapman, Bill Cooke, Chris Corker, Bob Doherty, Matthew Hollow, Beatrice D’Ippolito, Jon Fanning, James Fowler, Philip Garnett, Alex Gillett, Yoo-Jung Ha, Shane Hamilton, David Higgins, Arun Kumar, ix x Acknowledgements Philip Linsley, Steve Linstead, Jo Maltby, Leo McCann, Daniel Muzio, Katherine Newling, Linda Perriton, John Quail, Bharati Singh, Ayumu Sugawara, Simon Sweeney, Kevin Tennent, Jacco Thijssen, and Shradda Verma. Thanks also to Kent Deng, Ruth Noble and Laura Pacey at Palgrave. I finished this book while on sabbatical as a visiting fellow at the Duke University Center for International and Global Studies in the Spring and Summer of 2019. I am especially grateful to Giovanni Zanalda, and also to all those who made my time in North Carolina fruitful and hospitable, especially Erin Dillard, Amanda Frederick, Melissa Neeley and Jon Cogliano. And, of course, a special debt is owed to my friends and family. Thank you. This book is dedicated to the memory of Annette René Mollan, and John and Sheila Wade. They were instrumental in encouraging my inter- est in history and the practice of historical research. Carrboro, NC, and York, UK Simon Mollan June–July 2019 Contents 1 Introduction 1 Part I Foundations of Imperialism in Sudan 19 2 British Business and Sudan During the Mahdiya 21 3 The Beginnings of Imperial Development, 1899–1919 51 Part II Business and Imperialism in Sudan 81 4 The Sudan Plantations Syndicate, 1904–1919 83 5 The Sudan Plantations Syndicate, 1919–1939 107 Part III T he Political-Economy of Imperialism in Sudan 143 6 The Economy of Sudan, 1919–1939 145 xi
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