Imperial Cities: Landscape, Display and Identity PDF
Preview Imperial Cities: Landscape, Display and Identity
IMPERIAL CITIES LANDSCAPE, DISPLAY AND IDENTITY EDITED BY FELIX DRIVER AND DAVID GILBERT Plms pages 18/2/03 11:39 am Page i general editor John M. MacKenzie Established in the belief that imperialism as a cultural phenomenon had as significant an effect on the dominant as on the subordinate societies, Studies in Imperialism seeks to develop the new socio-cultural approach which has emerged through cross-disciplinary work on popular culture, media studies, art history, the study of education and religion, sports history and children’s literature. The cultural emphasis embraces studies of migration and race, while the older political and constitutional, economic and military concerns will never be far away. It incorporates comparative work on European and American empire-building, with the chronological focus primarily, though not exclusively, on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when these cultural exchanges were most powerfully at work. Imperial cities Plms pages 18/2/03 11:39 am Page ii AVAILABLE IN THE SERIES Britain in China Community, culture and colonialism, 1900–1949 Robert Bickers New frontiers Imperialism’s new communities in East Asia 1842–1952 eds Robert Bickers and Christian Henriot Western medicine as contested knowledge eds Andrew Cunningham and Bridie Andrews The Arctic in the British imagination 1818-1914 Robert G. David Imperial cities Landscape, display and identity eds Felix Driver and David Gilbert Science and society in Southern Africa Saul Dubow Equal subjects, unequal rights Indigenous peoples in British settler colonies, 1830s-1910 Julie Evans, Patricia Grimshaw, David Phillips and Shurlee Swain Unfit for heroes Reconstruction and soldier settlement in the Empire between the wars Kent Fedorowich Emigration from Scotland between the wars Opportunity or exile? Marjory Harper Empire and sexuality The British experience Ronald Hyam ‘An Irish Empire?’ Aspects of Ireland and the British Empire ed. Keith Jeffery Reporting the Raj The Britsh press in India, c. 1880–1922 Chandrika Kaul Law, history, colonialism The reach of empire eds Diane Kirkby and Catherine Coleborne The South African War reappraised Donal Lowry The empire of nature Hunting, conservation and British imperialism John M. MacKenzie Imperialism and popular culture ed. John M. MacKenzie Propaganda and empire The manipulation of British public opinion, 1880–1960 John M. MacKenzie Gender and imperialism ed. Clare Midgley Guardians of empire The armed forces of the colonial powers, c. 1700–1964 eds David Omissi and David Killingray Female imperialism and national identity Imperial Order Daughters of the Empire Katie Pickles Married to the empire Gender, politics and imperialism in India, 1883–1947 Mary A. Procida Imperial persuaders Images of Africa and Asia in British advertising Anandi Ramamurthy Imperialism and music Britain 1876–1953 Jeffrey Richards Colonial frontiers Indigenous–European encounters in settler societies ed. Lynette Russell West Indian intellectuals in Britain ed. Bill Schwarz Colonial masculinity The ‘manly Englishman’ and the ‘effeminate Bengali’ Mrinalini Sinha Jute and empire The Calcutta jute wallahs and the landscapes of empire Gordon T. Stewart The imperial game Cricket, culture and society eds Brian Stoddart and Keith A. P. Sandiford The French Empire at war, 1940–45 Martin Thomas British culture and the end of empire ed. Stuart Ward Travellers in Africa British travelogues, 1850–1900 Tim Youngs Plms pages 18/2/03 11:39 am Page iii Imperial cities LANDSCAPE, DISPLAY AND IDENTITY edited by Felix Driver and David Gilbert MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by PALGRAVE Plms pages 18/2/03 11:39 am Page iv Copyright © Manchester University Press 1999 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors, and no chapter may be reproduced wholly or in part without the express permission in writing of both author and publisher. Published by MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD ROAD, MANCHESTER M13 9NR, UK and ROOM 400, 175 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10010, USA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk Distributed exclusively in the USA by PALGRAVE 175 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10010, USA Distributed exclusively in Canada by UBC PRESS, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, 2029 WEST MALL, VANCOUVER, BC, CANADA V6T 1Z2 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Gender and imperialism / edited by Clare Midgley. p. cm. –– (Studies in imperialism) ISBN 0–7190–4819–2 (cloth). –– ISBN 0–7190–4820–6 (pbk.) 1. Imperialism––History. 2. Sex role––History. 3. Feminist theory. I. Midgley, Clare, 1955–. II. Series: Studies in imperialism (Manchester, England) JC359.G456 1998 ISBN 0 7190 5413 3 hardback ISBN 0 7190 6497 X paperback First published 1999 First published in paperback 2003 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Typeset in Trump Medieval by Northern Phototypesetting Co Ltd, Bolton Plms pages 18/2/03 11:39 am Page v CONTENTS List of illustrations — page vii General editor’s introduction — page xi Notes on contributors — page xiii Acknowledgements — page xvii 1 Imperial cities: overlapping territories, intertwined page1 histories Felix Driver and David Gilbert Part I Imperial landscapes 2 ‘A grand work of noble conception’: the Victoria 21 Memorial and imperial London Tori Smith 3 Empire in modern Rome: shaping and remembering an 40 imperial city, 1870–1911 David Atkinson, Denis Cosgrove and Anna Notaro 4 Capitale du plaisir:the remaking of imperial Paris 64 Claire Hancock 5 The Potemkin city: tourist images of late imperial 78 Vienna Jill Steward 6 Imperial visions: rebuilding the Bank of England, 96 1919–39 Iain Black Part II Imperial display 7 Staging the imperial city: the Pageant of London, 1911 117 Deborah S. Ryan 8 ‘Capital of the Colonies’: real and imagined boundaries 136 between metropole and empire in 1920s Marseilles Yaël Simpson Fletcher 9 Commemorating empire in twentieth-century Seville 155 Anthony Gristwood [ v] Plms pages 18/2/03 11:39 am Page vi CONTENTS 10 Portable iron structures and uncertain colonial spaces at 174 the Sydenham Crystal Palace Andrew Hassam 11 ‘The scenery of the torrid zone’: imagined travels and the 194 culture of exotics in nineteenth-century British gardens Rebecca Preston Part III Imperial identities 12 ‘The Second City of the Empire’: Glasgow – imperial 215 municipality John M. MacKenzie 13 Sartorial spectacle: clothing and masculine identities in 238 the imperial city, 1860–1914 Christopher Breward 14 Anti-imperial London: the Pan-African Conference of 254 1900 Jonathan Schneer Afterword. Postcolonial times: the visible and the 268 invisible Bill Schwarz Index— page 273 [ vi] Plms pages 18/2/03 11:39 am Page vii ILLUSTRATIONS 1 ‘Visit the empire’, by Ernest M. Dinkel (1932). Reproduced by kind permission of the London Transport Museum page2 2 Aston Webb’s plan for the Queen Victoria Memorial and reconstruction of the Mall. The Builder, 2 November 1901 23 3 ‘Motherhood’, detail from the Queen Victoria Memorial, London, Thomas Brock 29 4 The coronation procession of King George V. Illustrated London News, 1 July 1911 32 5 George V and Kaiser Wilhelm II unveiling the Queen Victoria Memorial, London. The Graphic, 20 May 1911 33 6 Aerial view of the Vittorio Emanuele II monument 52 7 Dea Roma, on the Vittorio Emanuele II monument. From I. S. Munro, Through Fascism to World Power (London, 1933), frontispiece 54 8 ‘Why we’re going to the inauguration of the altar of the nation!’. Front page of Il Bastone, 4 June 1911 57 9 Postcard of the Vittorio Emanuele II monument floodlit for the visit to Rome of Adolf Hitler, May 1938. Reproduced by courtesy of the British School at Rome Library. Photo:A. Crawford 58 10 Inauguration of the Boulevard de Sébastopol, 5 April 1858. Reproduced by courtesy of the Photothéque des Musées de la Ville de Paris, cliché Ph. Ladet 68 11 Souvenir of the Exposition Universelle of 1867. Reproduced by courtesy of the Photothéque des Musées de la Ville de Paris, cliché Ph. Ladet 75 12 Postcard of tourists watching the Burgmusik, the changing of the guard in the inner courtyard of the Hofburg, 1906 81 13 Postcard of Viennese types: door-to-door street musicians, 1902. 86 [ vii] Plms pages 18/2/03 11:39 am Page viii ILLUSTRATIONS 14 ‘Greetings from Vienna’, 1905 postcard 87 15 Koloman Moser’s commemorative postcard for Franz-Josef’s Diamond Jubilee, 1908. 91 16 The Bank of England and the Royal Exchange as engraved by F. Appel, c. 1860. Reproduced by courtesy of the Guildhall Library, Corporation of London 97 17 Herbert Baker’s late imperial reconstruction of the Bank of England, 1938. Reproduced by courtesy of the Bank of England Collection 102 18 The new Bank of England: the entrance front in Threadneedle Street, 1931. Reproduced by courtesy of the Bank of England Collection 104 19 The new bronze entrance doors of the Bank of England, Threadneedle Street, 1931. Reproduced by courtesy of the Bank of England Collection 107 20 Plan of grounds showing the ‘All Red Tour’ and the buildings of the overseas dominions, Festival of Empire and Imperial Exhibition, Crystal Palace, Sydenham, 1911. By courtesy of the V&A Picture Library 122 21 Amphitheatre designed by Sir Aston Webb, Pageant of London, 1911. By courtesy of the V&A Picture Library 123 22 The Masque of Empire, Pageant of London, 1911. By courtesy of the V&A Picture Library 128 23 The West African Tower at the 1922 exposition in Marseilles. From l’Exposition nationale coloniale de Marseilles décrit par ses auteurs(Marseille, Commissariat Général de l’Exposition, 1922), p. 103 137 24 Plan of the 1922 exposition in Marseilles. From the Guide officiel: l’Exposition nationale coloniale de Marseille 1922 (Marseilles, Imprimeries de la Société du ‘Petit Marseillais’, 1922), pp. 33–4 138 25 Plan of the city of Marseilles. From the Guide officiel: l’Exposition nationale coloniale de Marseille 1922 (Marseilles, Imprimeries de la Société du ‘Petit Marseillais’, 1922) 140 26 Postcard drawing of the Plaza de España, c. 1926 160 27 Postcard view of the Spanish Guinea pavilion at the Iberoamerican Fair of 1929 163 [ viii] Plms pages 18/2/03 11:39 am Page ix ILLUSTRATIONS 28 The ill-fated Pavilion of Discoveries (architect, Javier Feduchi) at Expo ’92. Photo: A. Gristwood, March 1996 168 29 The Great Palm House, Kew Gardens. The Illustrated London News, 7 August 1852. Reproduced by courtesy of the National Library of Australia 185 30 Interior of the Crystal Palace, Sydenham. From Henry Russell Hitchcock, Early Victorian Architecture in Britain (New Haven CT, Yale University Press, 1954) 187 31 The Queensland Annexe at the London International Exhibition, 1872. From the collection of the John Oxley Library, Brisbane. Reproduced by kind permission of the Library Board of Queensland 190 32 A parrot house or vinery in the Moorish style. From Shirley Hibberd, Rustic Adornments for Homes of Taste (London, 1856) 199 33 A greenhouse of hardy ‘exotics’ in a north London suburb, 1866. Floral World, January 1866 204 34 Hardy rhododendrons naturalised in an English garden. From William Robinson, The English Flower Garden (seventh edition, London, 1899) 209 35 A North British locomotive on its way to the Clyde for export to the Peiping Liaoning Railway in China, 1931. Reproduced by courtesy of the Mitchell Library, Glasgow, NBL collection 224 36 Tait’s tower at the 1938 Glasgow Empire Exhibition rising above the funfair. Reproduced by courtesy of the Mitchell Library, Glasgow, GEE file 230 37 The hosier Robinson &Cleaver’s facade in an advertisement of c. 1900. John Johnson collection, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford 246 38 The figure of the City clerk, c. 1895. John Johnson collection, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford 248 39 Clothing for the colonies, c. 1910 251 40 Sketches at the Pan-African Conference. The Daily Graphic, 24 July 1990. By courtesy of the British Library 263 [ ix]
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